Reduced Lung Cell Proliferation Following Short-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Soot and Iron Particles in Neonatal Rats: Key to Impaired Lung Growth?

REFERENCES

• Becker S., Soukup J. M.. 1999. Exposure to urban air particulates alters the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response to respiratory viral infection. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 57: 445–457. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyden E. A.. 1967. Notes on the development of the lung in infancy and early childhood. Am. J. Anat.. 121: 749–762. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burri P. H.. 1998. Development and growth of the lung. Pulmonary diseases and disorders, A. P., Fishman, J. A., Elias, J. A., Fishman, M. A., Grippi, L. R., Kaiser, R. M., Senior, pp. 91–105, New York, McGraw-Hill
   Google Scholar
• Cass G. R., Hughes L. A., Bhave P., Kleeman M. J., Allen J. O., Salmon L. G.. 2000. The chemical composition of atmospheric ultrafine particles. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. 358: 2582–2592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye J. A., Adler K. B., Richards J. H., Dreher K. L.. 1997. Epithelial injury induced by exposure to residual oil fly-ash particles: Role of reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.. 17: 625–633. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye J. A., Adler K. B., Richards J. H., Dreher K. L.. 1999. Role of soluble metals in oil fly ash-induced airway epithelial injury and cytokine gene expression. Am. J. Physiol., Lung Cell Mol. Physiol.. 277: L498–L510. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauderman W. J., McConnell R., Gilliland F., London S. J., Thomas D., Avol E. L., Vora H., Berhane K., Rappaport E. B., Lurmann F., Marigolis H. G., Peters J.. 2000. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 162: 1383–1390. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauderman W. J., Gilliland G. F., Vora H., Avol E., Stram D., McConnell R., Thomas D., Lurmann F., Margolis H. G., Rappaport E. B., Berhane K., Peters J. M.. 2002. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: Results from a second cohort. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 166(1)76–84. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B.. 1991. Reactive oxygen species in living system: Source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am. J. Med.. 91(3C)14S–22S. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak F., Studnicka M., Gartner C., Spengler J. D., Tauber E., Urbanek R., Veiter A., Frischer T.. 2002. Particulate matter and lung function growth in children: A 3-yr follow-up study in Austrian schoolchildren. Eur. Respir. J.. 19(5)838–845. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes L. S., Cass G. R., Jones J., Ames M., Olmez L.. 1998. Physical and chemical characterization of atmospheric ultrafine particles in the Los Angeles area. Environ. Sci. Technol.. 32: 1153–1161. [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imlay J. A., Chin S. M., Linn S.. 1998. Toxic DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide through the Fenton reaction in vivo and in vitro. Science. 240: 640–642
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez L. A., Thompson J., Brown D. A., Rahman I., Antonicelli F., Duffin R., Drost E. M., Hay R. T., Donaldson K., MacNee W.. 2000. Activation of NF-κ B by PM10 occurs via an iron-mediated mechanism in the absence of Iκ B degradation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 166: 101–110. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy T., Ghio A. J., Reed W., Samet J., Zagorski J., Quay J., Carter J., Dailey L., Hoidal J. R., Devlin R. B.. 1998. Copper-dependant inflammation and nuclear factor-κ B activation by particulate air pollution. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.. 19: 366–378. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti U. P., Hauser R., Christiani D. C., Meng Z. H., McGee J., Ledbetter A., Richards J., Costa D. L.. 1998. Pulmonary responses to oil fly ash particles in the rat differ by virtue of their specific soluble metals. Toxicol. Sci.. 43: 204–212. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X. Y., Gilmour P. S., Donaldson K., MacNee W.. 1996. Free radical activity and pro-inflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10) in vivo and in vitro. Thorax. 51: 1216–1222. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucesoli F., Caligiuri M., Roberti M. F., Perazzo J. C., Fraga C. G.. 1999. Dose-dependent increase of oxidative damage in the testes of rats subjected to acute iron overload. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 372: 37–43. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martonen T. B., Musante C. J., Segal R. A., Schroeter J. D., Hwang D., Dolovich M. A., Burton R., Spencer R. M., Fleming J. S.. 2000. Lung models: Strengths and weaknesses. Resp. Care. 45: 712–736
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathieu-Nolf M.. 2003. Poisons in the air: A cause of chronic disease in children. Clin. Toxicol.. 40(4)483–491. [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Pope C. A., III. 1996. Adverse health effects of air pollutants in a nonsmoking population. Toxicology. 111: 149–155. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokinger H. E.. 1984. A review of world literature finds iron oxides noncarcinogens. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.. 45: 127–133. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000; Child-specific exposure factors handbook, NCEA-W-0853. Washington, DCU.S., EPA
   Google Scholar
• Wallis D. J., Browning N. D., Megaridis C. M., Nellist P. D.. 1996. Analysis of nanometre-sized particles in the scanning transmission electron microscope. J. Microsc. 184(pt. 3)185–194. [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Yang G., Teague S., Pinkerton K., Kennedy I.. 2001. Synthesis of an ultrafine iron and soot aerosol for the evaluation of particle toxicity. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 35(3)759–766. [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y., Zhong C., Kennedy I. M., Pinkerton K. E.. 2003a. Pulmonary responses of acute exposure to ultrafine iron particles in healthy adult rats. Environ. Toxicol.. 18: 227–235. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y., Zhong C., Kennedy I. M., Leppert V. J., Pinkerton K. E.. 2003b. Oxidative stress and NFκ B activation in the lungs of rats: A synergistic interaction between soot and iron particles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 190: 157–169. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar