Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 18, 2006 - Issue 9
127
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Acute Head-Only Exposure of Dogs to Phosgene. Part III. Comparison of Indicators of Lung Injury in Dogs and Rats

Pages 609-621 | Received 14 Oct 2005, Accepted 21 Feb 2006, Published online: 06 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Bide R. W., Armour S. J., Yee E. Allometric respiration/ body mass data for animals to be used for estimates of inhalation toxicity to young adult humans. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2000; 20: 273–290, [CSA]
  • Cucinell S. A., Edgewood A. Review of the toxicity of long-term phosgene exposure. Arch. Envrion. Health 1974; 28: 272–275, [CSA]
  • DeGeorge J. J., Ahn C. H., Andrews P. A., Brower M. E., Choi Y. S., Chun M. Y., Du T., Lee-Ham D. Y., McGuinn W. D., Pei L., Sancilio L. F., Schmidt W., Sheevers H. V., Sun C. J., Tripathi S., Vogel W. M., Whitehurst V., Williams S., Taylor A. S. Considerations for toxicology studies of respiratory drug products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1997; 25: 189–193, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Diller W. F., Zante R. Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen bei Phosgeneinwirkung auf Mensch und Tier. Zbl. Arbeitsmed. 1982; 32: 360–368, [CSA]
  • European Commission. Guideline of the Council dated November 24, 1986 on the reconciliation of legal and administrative regulations of the member countries for the protection of animals used for studies and other scientific purposes. J. Eur. Commun. Legal Spec. 1986; L358(29)1–28, Directive 86/609/EEC[CSA]
  • Frank N. R., Speizer F. E. SO2 effects on the respiratory system in dogs; Changes in mechanical behavior at different levels of the respiratory system during acute exposure to the gas. Arch. Environ. Health 1965; 11: 624–634, [CSA]
  • Hatch G. E. Comparative biochemistry of airway lining fluid. Treatise on pulmonary toxicology—Comparative biology of the normal lung, R. A. Parent. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1992; vol. I: 617–632
  • Hatch G. E., Kodavanti U., Crissman K., Slade R., Costa D. An “injury-time integral” model for extrapolating from acute to chronic effects of phosgene. Toxicol. Ind. Health 2001; 17: 285–293, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Heyder J., Takenaka S. Long-term canine exposure studies with ambient air pollutants. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 571–584, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kodavanti U. P., Costa D. L., Giri S. N., Starcher B., Hatch G. E. Pulmonary structural and extracellular matrix alterations in Fischer 344 rats following subchronic exposure. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1997; 37: 54–63, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kreyling W. G., Dirscherl P., Ferron G. A., Heilmann P., Josten M., Miaskowski U., Neuner M., Ruprecht L., Schumann G., Tabenaka S., Ziesenis A., Heyder J. Health effects of sulfur-related environmental air pollution. III. Nonspecific respiratory defense capacities. Inhal. Toxicol. 1999; 11: 391–422, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lee L. -Y., Widdicombe J. G. Modulation of airway sensitivity to inhaled irritants: Role of inflammatory mediators. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001; 109(suppl. 4)585–589, [CSA]
  • Mautone A. J., Katz Z., Scarpelli E. M. Acute responses to phosgene inhalation and selected corrective measures (including surfactant). Toxicol. Ind. Health 1985; 1: 37–55, [CSA]
  • Melville G. N., Kumar M., Ismail S., Mills J. L. Response to the central and peripheral airways to cigarette smoking in humans and rats. Respiration 1982; 43: 29–34, [CSA]
  • National Research Council. AEGL (acute exposure guideline levels) for slected airborne chemicals, Phosgene. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. 2002; vol. 2
  • Nerbrink O., Fagerström P. -O., Wendel T., Eirefelt S., Källén A., Marchner H., Dahlbäck M. A novel dry powder aerosol delivery system for real-time measurement of the inhaled dose to large animals (dogs). Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1997; 27: 147–161, [CSA]
  • Okonek S., Schuster S., Löser E., Pauluhn J. Hämodynamik und biochemische Veränderungen im toxischen Lungenödem durch Phosgen. MuPHefte 1987; 36–44, [CSA]
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Publication of the German version of the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Bundesanzeiger March 2, 1983; 35(42a), [CSA]
  • Park S. S., Kikkawa Y., Goldring I. P., Daly M. M., Zelefsky M., Shim C., Spierer M., Morita T. An animal model of cigarette smoking in beagle dogs: Correlative evaluation of effects on pulmonary function, defense, and morphology. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1977; 115: 971–979, [CSA]
  • Pauluhn J. Aniline-induced methemoglobinemia in dogs: Pitfalls of route-to-route extrapolations. Inhal. Toxicol. 2002; 14: 959–973, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pauluhn J. Concentration-dependence of aniline-induced methemoglobinemia in dogs: A derivation of an acute reference concentration. Toxicology 2005; 214: 140–150, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pauluhn J. Acute nose-only exposure of rats to phosgene. Part I. Concentration × time dependence of LC50s and nonlethal threshold concentrations and analysis of breathing patterns. Inhal. Toxicol. 2006a; 18: 423–435, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pauluhn J. Acute nose-only exposure of rats to phosgene. Part II. Concentration × time dependence of changes in bronchoalveolar lavage during a follow-up period of 3 months. Inhal. Toxicol. 2006b; 18: 595–607, [CSA]
  • Persson C. G. A., Erjefält J. S., Andersson M., Greiff L., Svensson C. Extravasation, lamina propria flooding and luminal entry of bulk plasma exudates in mucosal defence, inflammation and repair. Pulmon. Pharmacol. 1996; 9: 129–139, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pittet J. F., Mackersie R. C., Martin T. R., Matthay M. A. Biological markers of acute lung injury: Prognostic and pathogenetic significance. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: 1187–1205, [CSA]
  • Takenaka S., Heini A., Ritter B., Heyder J. Morphometric evaluation of bronchial glands of beagle dogs. Toxicol. Lett. 1996; 88: 279–285, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Takenaka S., Heini A., Ritter B., Heyder J. The respiratory bronchiole of beagle dogs: structural characteristics. Toxicol. Lett. 1998; 96–97: 301–308, [CSA], [CROSSREF]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.