Low Level of Exposure to Pesticides Leads to Lung Dysfunction in Occupationally Exposed Subjects

REFERENCES

• Agabiti N., Ancona C., Forastiere F., Di Napoli A., Lo Presti E., Corbo G. M., D'Orsi F., Perucci C. A. Short term respiratory effects of acute exposure to chlorine due to a swimming pool accident. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001; 58: 399–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts W. M., Ferris M. C., Brooks S. M., Goldman A. L. The FEF25 − 75% and the clinical diagnosis of asthma. Ann. Allergy 1994; 73: 221–225
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bener A., Lestringant G. G., Beshwari M. M., Pasha M. A. Respiratory symptoms, skin disorders and serum IgE levels in farm workers. Allerg. Immunol. (Paris) 1999; 31: 52–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolognesi C. Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring studies. Mutat. Res. 2003; 543: 251–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvert G. M., Plate D. K., Das R., Rosales R., Shafey O., Thomsen C., Male D., Beckman J., Arvizu E., Lackovic M. Acute occupational pesticide-related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR pesticides program. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2004; 45: 14–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschamps D., Questel F., Baud F. J., Gervais P., Dally S. Persistent asthma after acute inhalation of organophosphate insecticide. Lancet 1994; 344: 1712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryer A. D., Lein P. J., Howard A. S., Yost B. L., Beckles R. A., Jett D. A. Mechanisms of organophosphate insecticide-induced airway hyperreactivity. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol 2004; 286: L963–969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaensler E. A., Smith A. A. Attachment for automated single breath diffusing capacity measurement. Chest 1973; 63: 136–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández A., Gomez M. A., Pena G., Gil F., Rodrigo L., Villanueva E., Pla A. Effect of long-term exposure to pesticides on plasma esterases from plastic greenhouse workers. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2004; 67: 1095–1108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández A. F., Lopez O., Rodrigo L., Gil F., Pena G., Serrano J. L., Parron T., Alvarez J. C., Lorente J. A., Pla A. Changes in erythrocyte enzymes in humans long-term exposed to pesticides: Influence of several markers of individual susceptibility. Toxicol. Lett. 2005; 159: 13–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández A. F., Gomez M. A., Perez V., Garcia-Lario J. V., Pena G., Gil F., Lopez O., Rodrigo L., Pino G., Pla A. Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme activities of cytotoxicity among intensive agriculture farmers. Environ. Res. 2006; 102: 70–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson E., Levi P. E. Pesticides: An important but underused model for the environmental health sciences. Environ. Health Perspect 1996; 104(Suppl. 1)97–106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoppin J. A., Umbach D. M., London S. J., Lynch C. F., Alavanja M. C., Sandler D. P. Pesticides and adult respiratory outcomes in the agricultural health study. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2006; 1076: 343–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppin J. A., Umbach D. M., Kullman G. J., Henneberger P. K., London S. J., Alavanja M. C., Sandler D. P. Pesticides and other agricultural factors associated with self-reported farmer's lung among farm residents in the Agricultural Health Study. Occup. Environ. Med. 2007; 64: 334–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illing H. P. Is working in greenhouses healthy? Evidence concerning the toxic risks that might affect greenhouse workers. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 1997; 47: 281–293
   Google Scholar
• Kesavachandran C., Singh V. K., Mathur N., Rastogi S. K., Siddiqui M. K., Reddy M. M., Bharti R. S., Khan A. M. Possible mechanism of pesticide toxicity-related oxidative stress leading to airway narrowing. Redox Rep. 2006; 11: 159–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klucinski P., Kossmann S., Friedek D. Release of interleukin-1 beta from peripheral blood monocytes and its concentration in the blood serum of the workers employed at the production of chlorfenvinphos. Przegl. Lek. 1997; 54: 716–718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kossmann S., Konieczny B., Hoffmann A. The role of respiratory muscles in the impairment of the respiratory system function in the workers of a chemical plant division producing pesticides. Przegl. Lek. 1997; 54: 702–706
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lein P. J., Fryer A. D. Organophosphorus insecticides induce airway hyperreactivity by decreasing neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function independent of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Toxicol. Sci. 2005; 83: 166–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lings S. Pesticide lung: A pilot investigation of fruit-growers and farmers during the spraying season. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1982; 39: 370–376
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacNee W. Oxidants, antioxidant and COPD. Chest 2000; 117: 3035–317
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekonnen Y., Agonafir T. Effects of pesticide applications on respiratory health of Ethiopian farm workers. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 2002; 8: 35–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekonnen Y., Agonafir T. Lung function and respiratory symptoms of pesticide sprayers in state farms of Ethiopia. Ethiop. Med. J. 2004; 42: 261–266
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris J., Koski A., Johnson L. Spirometric standards for healthy non-smoking adults. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1971; 103: 57–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton J. G., Breslin A. B. Asthmatic reactions to a commonly used aerosol insect killer. Med. J. Aust. 1983; 1: 378–380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngowi A. V., Maeda D. N., Partanen T. J., Sanga M. P., Mbise G. Acute health effects of organophosphorus pesticides on Tanzanian small-scale coffee growers. J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2001; 11: 335–339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osmanliev D. P., Joyce H., Watson R. A., Pride N. B. Evolution of changes in carbon monoxide transfer factor in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: 1053–1060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quajer P. H., Tammeling G. J., Cotes J. E., Pedersen O. F., Perlin R., Yernault J. C. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report working party. Standardization of lung function test European Community for steel and oral official statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur. Respir. J 1993; 6: 5–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peiris-John R. J., Ruberu D. K., Wickremasinghe A. R., van-der-Hoek W. Low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides leads to restrictive lung dysfunction. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: 1319–1324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salameh P., Waked M., Baldi I., Brochard P. Spirometric changes following the use of pesticides. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2005; 11: 126–136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salome C. M., Marks G. B., Savides P., Xuan W., Woolcock A. J. The effect of insecticide aerosols on lung function, airway responsiveness and symptoms in asthmatic subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16: 38–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seaton A., Crompton G. Asthma: Clinical features. Crofton and Douglas's respiratory diseases, 5th ed., A. Seaton, D. Seaton, A. G. Leitch. Blackwell, Oxford 2000; 77–151
   Google Scholar
• Senanayake N., Gurunathan G., Hart T. B., Amerasinghe P., Babapulle M., Ellapola S. B., Udupihille M., Basanayake V. An epidemiological study of the health of Sri Lankan tea plantation workers associated with long term exposure to paraquat. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1993; 50: 257–263
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ubaidullaeva K. M. The clinical and functional features of chronic obstructive lung disease in patients with organic chlorine pesticides in blood. Probl. Tuberk. Bolezn. Legk. 2006; 9: 21–23
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins J. R., 3rd, Engelhardt H. L., Rublaitus S. M., Crawford J. M., Fisher J. L., Bean T. L. Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among Ohio cash grain farmers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1999; 35: 150–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witschi H. R., Last J. A. Toxic responses of the respiratory system. Casarett and Doull's essentials of toxicology, C. D. Klassen, J. B. Watkins. McGraw-Hill, New York 2003; 220–232
   Google Scholar
• Yamashita M., Yamashita M., Ando Y. A long-term follow-up of lung function in survivors of paraquat poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2000; 19: 99–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L. X., Enarson D. A., He G. X., Li B., Chan-Yeung M. Occupational and environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms in rural Beijing, China. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 1525–1531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar