Effects of Ambient Air Particulate Exposure on Blood–Gas Barrier Permeability and Lung Function

References

• J. E. Agnew, E. J. Wood, P. P. Sutton, J. R. Bateman, D. Pavia, and S. W. Clarke. 1984. Krypton-81m and 5-micron radioaerosol images in asymptomatic asthma: A blind marking assessment.. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 9:502–507.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D. G. Altman. 1999. Practical statistics for medical research, 9th ed. London, UK: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
   Google Scholar
• L. Barregard, G. Sallsten, L. Andersson, A. C. Almstrand, P. Gustafson, M. Andersson, and A. C. Olin. 2007. Experimental exposure to wood smoke: Effects on airway inflammation and oxidative stress.. Occup. Environ. Med. 65:319–324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• C. Beadsmoore, H. K. Cheow, K. Szczepura, P. Ruparelia, and A. M. Peters. 2007. Healthy passive cigarette smokers have increased pulmonary alveolar permeability. Nucl. Med. Commun. 28:75–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• E. Bergamaschi, P. G. De, P. Mozzoni, S. Vanni, M. V. Vettori, F. Broeckaert, A. Bernard, and A. Mutti. 2001. Polymorphism of quinone-metabolizing enzymes and susceptibility to ozone-induced acute effects. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163:1426–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bernard. 2008. Critical review of Clara cell protein: Sound science?. Biomarkers 13:237–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bernard, S. Carbonnelle, M. Nickmilder, and B. C. De. 2005. Non-invasive biomarkers of pulmonary damage and inflammation: Application to children exposed to ozone and trichloramine. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 206:185–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bernard, C. Hermans, and H. G. Van. 1997. Transient increase of serum Clara cell protein (CC16) after exposure to smoke. Occup. Environ. Med. 54:63–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bernard, R. Lauwerys, A. Noel, B. Vandeleene, and A. Lambert. 1991. Determination by latex immunoassay of protein 1 in normal and pathological urine. Clin. Chim. Acta 201:231–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. V. Bräuner, L. Forchhammer, P. Møller, J. Simonsen, M. Glasius, P. Wåhlin, O. Raaschou-Nielsen, and S. Loft. 2007. Exposure to ultrafine particles from ambient air and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Environ. Health Perspect. 115:1177–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Broeckaert, K. Arsalane, C. Hermans, E. Bergamaschi, A. Brustolin, A. Mutti, and A. Bernard. 1999. Lung epithelial damage at low concentrations of ambient ozone. Lancet 353:900–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Broeckaert, K. Arsalane, C. Hermans, E. Bergamaschi, A. Brustolin, A. Mutti, and A. Bernard. 2000. Serum Clara cell protein: A sensitive biomarker of increased lung epithelium permeability caused by ambient ozone. Environ. Health Perspect. 108:533–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. Brunekreef, and S. T. Holgate. 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet. 360:1233–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. Burgess, C. J, D. M. Bolstad-Johnson, R. Gerkin, T. A. Hysong, R. C. Lantz, D. L. Sherrill, C. D. Crutchfield, S. F. Quan, A. M. Bernard, and M. L. Witten. 2001. Adverse respiratory effects following overhaul in firefighters. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 43:467–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. R. Edwards, G. S. Hunte, A. S. Belzberg, A. W. Sheel, D. F. Worsley, and D. C. McKenzie. 2000. Alveolar epithelial integrity in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia. J. Appl. Physiol. 89:1537–1542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• E. Evander, P. Wollmer, and B. Jonson. 1990. Pulmonary clearance of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA: Effects of ventilation pattern. Clin. Physiol. 10:189–199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• W. M. Foster, and A. N. Freed. 1999. Regional clearance of solute from peripheral airway epithelia: Recovery after sublobar exposure to ozone. J. Appl. Physiol. 86:641–646.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• E. Gil, B. Chen, E. Kleerup, M. Webber, and D. P. Tashkin. 1995. Acute and chronic effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary alveolar permeability. Life Sci. 56:2193–2199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• S. Groth, F. Hermansen, and N. Rossing. 1989. Pulmonary permeability in never-smokers between 21 and 67 yr of age. J. Appl. Physiol. 67:422–428.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• B. Hanel, I. Law, and J. Mortensen. 2003. Maximal rowing has an acute effect on the blood–gas barrier in elite athletes. J. Appl. Physiol. 95:1076–1082.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• C. Hermans, and A. Bernard. 1999. Lung epithelium-specific proteins: Characteristics and potential applications as markers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159:646–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. A. Jaques, and C. S. Kim. 2000. Measurement of total lung deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles in healthy men and women. Inhal. Toxicol. 12:715–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. Jones, B. D. Minty, P. Lawler, G. Hulands, J. C. Crawley, and N. Veall. 1980. Increased alveolar epithelial permeability in cigarette smokers. Lancet 1:66–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. Jones, D. Royston, and B. D. Minty. 1983. Changes in alveolar-capillary barrier function in animals and humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 127:S51–S59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Kan, G. Heiss, K. M. Rose, E. Whitsel, F. Lurmann, and S. J. London. 2007. Traffic exposure and lung function in adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Thorax 62:873–879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. R. Kehrl, L. M. Vincent, R. J. Kowalsky, D. H. Horstman, J. J. O'Neil, W. H. McCartney, and P. A. Bromberg. 1987. Ozone exposure increases respiratory epithelial permeability in humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 135:1124–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. C. Kemp, P. Dingle, and H. G. Neumeister. 1998. Pariculate Matter Intervention Study: A causal factor of building-related symptoms in an older building. Indoor Air 8:153–171.
   Google Scholar
• J. S. Lakind, S. T. Holgate, D. R. Ownby, A. H. Mansur, P. J. Helms, D. Pyatt, and S. M. Hays. 2007. A critical review of the use of Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) as a biomarker of acute or chronic pulmonary effects. Biomarkers 12:445–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. C. Lay, K. L. Zeman, A. J. Ghio, and W. D. Bennett. 2001. Effects of inhaled iron oxide particles on alveolar epithelial permeability in normal subjects. Inhal. Toxicol. 13:1065–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. M. Lorino, M. Meignan, P. Bouissou, and G. Atlan. 1989. Effects of sustained exercise on pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA. J. Appl. Physiol. 67:2055–2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Luhana, H. Mao, and R. S. Sokhi. 2001. Laboratory and field evaluation of UH dichotomous stacked filter units (DSFU). EVK4-2001-00192. 20-1-2001. Hertfordshire, UK: University of Hertfordshire, Saphire report.
   Google Scholar
• G. R. Mason, J. M. Uszler, R. M. Effros, and E. Reid. 1983. Rapidly reversible alterations of pulmonary epithelial permeability induced by smoking. Chest 83:6–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. McCreanor, P. Cullinan, M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen, J. Stewart-Evans, E. Malliarou, L. Jarup, R. Harrington, M. Svartengren, I. K. Han, P. Ohman-Strickland, K. F. Chung, and J. Zhang. 2007. Respiratory effects of exposure to diesel traffic in persons with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 357:2348–2358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. D. Minty, C. Jordan, and J. G. Jones. 1981. Rapid improvement in abnormal pulmonary epithelial permeability after stopping cigarettes. Br. Med. J. 282:1183–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. D. Minty, D. Royston, J. G. Jones, and G. H. Hulands. 1984. The effect of nicotine on pulmonary epithelial permeability in man. Chest 86:72–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Nilsson, E. Evander, and P. Wollmer. 1997. Pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-albumin in smokers. Clin Physiol. 17:183–192.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• K. B. Nolop, S. Braude, D. Royston, D. L. Maxwell, and J. M. Hughes. 1987. Positive end-expiratory pressure increases pulmonary clearance of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA in nonsmokers but not in healthy smokers. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 23:57–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• J. Rinderknecht, L. Shapiro, M. Krauthammer, G. Taplin, K. Wasserman, J.M. Uszler, and R.M. Effros. 1980. Accelerated clearance of small solutes from the lungs in interstitial lung disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 121:105–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Robin, P. Dong, C. Hermans, A. Bernard, A. D. Bersten, and I. R. Doyle. 2002. Serum levels of CC16, SP-A and SP-B reflect tobacco-smoke exposure in asymptomatic subjects. Eur. Respir. J. 20:1152–1161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Suzuki, M. Kanazawa, S. Fujishima, A. Ishizaka, and A. Kubo. 1995. Effect of external negative pressure on pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA clearance in humans. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152:108–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• C. G. Tankersley, J. A. Shank, S. E. Flanders, S. E. Soutiere, R. Rabold, W. Mitzner, and E. M. Wagner. 2003. Changes in lung permeability and lung mechanics accompany homeostatic instability in senescent mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 95:1681–1687.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• P. Wåhlin, F. Palmgren, and R. Van Dingren. 2001. Experimental studies of ultrafine particles in streets and the relationship to traffic. Atmos. Environ. 35 (suppl. 1):63–69.
   Google Scholar
• P. Wåhlin, R. Berkowicz, and F. Palmgren. 2006. Characterisation of traffic-generated particulate matter in Copenhagen. Atmos. Environ. 40:2151–2159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Yeates, and J. Mortensen. 2000. Deposition and clearance. In Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 3rd ed., eds. J. F. Murray, and J. A. Nadel, pp. 349–384. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
   Google Scholar