Evaluation of the presence of asbestos in cosmetic talcum products

References

• Abelmann A, Glynn ME, Pierce JS, et al. (2015). Historical ambient airborne asbestos concentrations in the United States – an analysis of published and unpublished literature (1960s–2000s). Inhal Toxicol 27:754–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACGIH. (2001). Talc Containing No Asbestos Fibers. CAS number: 14807-96-6: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Ohio: ACGIH.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson EL, Sheehan PJ, Kalmes RM, Griffin JR. (2016). Assessment of health risk from historical use of cosmetic talcum powder. Risk Anal 37:918–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATSDR. (2001). Chemical-Specific Health Consultation: Tremolite Asbestos and Other Related Types of Asbestos. September 2001. Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/asbestos/more_about_asbestos/health_consultation/ [last accessed: 29 Mar 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Ayer HE, Lynch JR, Fanney JH. (1965). A comparison of impinger and membrane filter techniques for evaluating air samples in asbestos plants. Ann N Y Acad Sci 132:274–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aylott RI, Byrne GA, Middleton JD, Roberts ME. (1979). Normal use levels of respirable cosmetic talc: preliminary study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1:177–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg RB. (1997). Montana's changing industrial minerals industry. In: Jones RW, Harris RE (eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals. Laramie, WY: Wyoming State Geological Survey Public Information Circular 38, p. 167–75.
   Google Scholar
• Berman DW, Crump KS. (2003). Final Draft: Technical Support Document for a Protocol to Assess Asbestos-Related Risk. EPA# 9345.4-06. October 2003. Washington, DC.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. (1985). Memo from QRAC (Quantitative Risk Assessment Committee) to W. Gary Flamm, Ph.D. (Director, Office of Toxicological Sciences – Food and Drug Administration), RE: Asbestos in Talc [dated 6 June 1985].
   Google Scholar
• Cralley LJ, Key MM, Groth DH, et al. (1968). Fibrous and mineral content of cosmetic talcum products. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 29:350–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CTFA. (1976). CTFA Specification: Cosmetic Talc, revised October 7, 1976: the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association. Washington, DC: CTFA.
   Google Scholar
• Dement JM, Harris RL Jr, Symons MJ, Shy C. (1982). Estimates of dose-response for respiratory cancer among chrysotile asbestos textile workers. Ann Occup Hyg 26:869–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dement JM, Zumwalde RD. (1979). Occupational exposures to talcs containing asbestiform minerals. In Lemen R, Dement JM (eds.), Dusts and disease. Park Forest South, IL: Pathotox Publishers, Inc. p. 287–305.
   Google Scholar
• ERG. (2003). Report on the expert panel on health effects of asbestos and synthetic vitreous fibers: the influence of fiber length. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation.
   Google Scholar
• Finley BL, Benson SM, Marsh GM. (2017). Cosmetic talc as a risk factor for pleural mesothelioma: a weight of evidence evaluation of the epidemiology. Inhal Toxicol 29:179–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finley BL, Pierce JS, Phelka AD, et al. (2012). Evaluation of tremolite asbestos exposures associated with the use of commercial products. Crit Rev Toxicol 42:119–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiume MM, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, et al. (2015). Safety assessment of talc as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 34 (1 Suppl):66S–129S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaffney SH, Grespin M, Garnick L, et al. (2017). Anthophyllite asbestos: state of the science review. J Appl Toxicol 37:38–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamble J, Greife A, Hancock J. (1982). An epidemiological-industrial hygiene study of talc workers. Ann Occup Hyg 26:841–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon RE, Fitzgerald S, Millette J. (2014). Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women. Int J Occup Environ Health 20:318–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildick-Smith GY. (1976). The biology of talc. Br J Ind Med 33:217–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC. (1987). Talc. In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Silica and Some Silicates. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. (2010). IARC Monographs Volume 93: Talc Not Containing Asbestiform Fibres. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
   Google Scholar
• Ilgren EB. (2004). Coalinga chrysotile: a short fibre, amphibole free, chyrsotile: Part V – Lack of amphibole asbestos contamination. Indoor Built Environ 13:325–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelse JW, Thompson CS. (1989). The regulatory and mineralogical definitions of asbestos and their impact on amphibole dust analysis. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 50:613–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy D. (1979). Letter to Sidney Wolfe and Benjamin Gordon re: Talc Carcinogenesis. Rockville, MD.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinfeld M, Messite J, Langer AM. (1973). A study of workers exposed to asbestiform minerals in commercial talc manufacture. Environ Res 6:132–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee R, Van Orden D. (2015). Letter to the Editor re: asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women. Int J Occup Environ Health 21:337–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewin SZ. (1972). Memo from Seymour Z. Lewin (Professor of Chemistry, New York University) to Dr. Alfred Weissler (Acting Director, Division of Colors and Cosmetics Technology, Office of Product Technology, Food and Drug Administration), RE: Lewin's Final Analytical Results on the Mineral Compositions of 102 Examples of Standard, Commercial Products Containing Talc (With Attachment) (dated 3 Aug 1972).
   Google Scholar
• Lewin SZ. (1973). Memo from S. Z. Lewin (Chemistry Department, New York University) to Dr. George Thompson (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), RE: Determination of Asbestos Contents of Commercial Talcum Powders (Enclosures Table II-IV).
   Google Scholar
• Lightfoot J, Kingston GA, Pooley FD. (1972). An examination of italian mine samples and relevant powders. Cardiff: University College, Department of Mineral Exploitation.
   Google Scholar
• McCrone WC. (1977). Analysis of talc by X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. Chicago, IL: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Moon MC, Park JD, Choi BS, et al. (2011). Risk assessment of baby powder exposure through inhalation. Toxicol Res 27:137–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NIOSH. (1972). Fiber exposure during use of baby powders ed. by Dement JM, Shuler PJ, Zumwalde RD. Cincinnati, OH: Environmental Investigations Branch, Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
   Google Scholar
• OSHA. (1992). 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite; Final rule. Fed. Reg. 57(110): 24310-24331 Washington, DC: US Department of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
   Google Scholar
• Pira E, Coggiola M, Ciocan C, et al. (2017). Mortality of talc miners and millers from Val Chisone, Northern Italy. J Occup Environ Med 59:659–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pooley FD. undated. Report of the Examination of Rock Samples from the Vermont Mine. Cardiff: University College Department of Mineral Exploitation.
   Google Scholar
• Price B. (2010). Industrial-grade talc exposure and the risk of mesothelioma. Crit Rev Toxicol 40:513–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roggli VL. (2015). The so-called short-fiber controversy: literature review and critical analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 139:1052–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohl AN, Langer AM. (1974). Identification and quantitation of asbestos in talc. Environ Health Perspect 9:95–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rohl AN, Langer AM. (1979). Fibrous mineral content of consumer talc-containing products. In Lemen R, Dement JM (eds.), Dusts and disease. Park Forest South, IL: Pathotox Publishers. p. 393–403.
   Google Scholar
• Rohl AN, Langer AM, Selikoff IJ, et al. (1976). Consumer talcums and powders: mineral and chemical characterization. J Toxicol Environ Health 2:255–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell RS, Merz RD, Sherman WT, Sivertson JN. (1979). The determination of respirable particles in talcum powder. Food Cosmet Toxicol 17:117–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selevan SG, Dement JM, Wagoner JK, Froines JR. (1979). Mortality patterns among miners and millers of non-asbestiform talc: preliminary report. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 2:273–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snider DW, Pfeiffer DE, Mancuso JJ. (1972). Asbestos form impurities in commercial talcum powders. Compass Sigma Gamma Epsilon 49:65–7.
   Google Scholar
• Strohmeier BR, Huntington JC, Bunker KL, et al. (2010). What is asbestos and why is it important? Challenges of defining and characterizing asbestos. Int Geol Rev 52:801–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. EPA. (1993). Test Method: Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials. EPA/600/R-93/116. July 1993. Research Triangle Park, NC: Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. FDA. (1975). Federal Register, Vol. 40, No. 51. Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 133 – Drugs: current good manufacturing practice in manufacture, processing, packing, or holding. Silver Spring, MD: Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. FDA. (1979). Letter to Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D. and Benjamin Gordon re: Letters Submitted to New England Journal of Medicine from Donald Kennedy, Commissioner of Food and Drugs. Silver Spring, MD: US FDA (Food and Drug Administration).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. FDA. (2013). Talc in cosmetics. Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [last accessed: 26 Jan 2017].
   Google Scholar
• U.S. FDA. (2014). Talc. Silver Spring, MD: United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Available from http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm293184.htm [last accessed: 31 Jan 2017].
   Google Scholar
• USGS. (2016). Minteral commodity summaries. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
   Google Scholar
• USPC. (2011). Talc: revision bulletin. Washington, DC: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USPC).
   Google Scholar
• Virta RL. (2001). Talc and pyrophyllite: U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook. Reston (VA): USGS.
   Google Scholar
• Weissler A. (1973). Letter to Robert Schaffner re: Summary and Comments on Prof. Lewin's Analytical Results for Asbestos in Talc. (Memo).
   Google Scholar
• Wergeland E, Andersen A, Baerheim A. (1990). Morbidity and mortality in talc-exposed workers. Am J Ind Med 17:505–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wylie AG. (1990). Report of Analysis for Southern Talc: University of Maryland College Park. (Memo).
   Google Scholar
• Wylie AG, Virta RL, Russek E. (1985). Characterizing and discriminating airborne amphibole cleavage fragments and amosite fibers: implications for the NIOSH method. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 46:197–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamate G, Agarwal SC, Gibbons RD. (1984). Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbestos by Electron Microscopy. Research Triangle Park, NC: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai T. (1979). Asbestiform and acicular mineral fragments. Ann NY Acad Sci 330:621–43.
   Google Scholar