Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 34, 2022 - Issue 1-2
120
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Profile of atmospheric particulate PAHs near busy roadway in tropical megacity, India

, &
Pages 39-50 | Received 02 Aug 2021, Accepted 13 Jan 2022, Published online: 03 Feb 2022

References

  • Ali N. 2019. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air and dust samples of different Saudi microenvironments; health and carcinogenic risk assessment for the general population. Sci Total Environ. 696:133995.
  • Ayyildiz E, Gurkan FE. 2020. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at two sites, in Bursa, Turkey: determination of concentrations, gas–particle partitioning, sources, and health risk. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 78(3):317–350.
  • Baek SO, Field RA, Goldstone ME, Kirk PW, Lester JN, Perry R. 1991. A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, fates and behaviour. Water Air Soil Pollut. 60(3-4):279–300.
  • Bai Z, Hu Y, Yu H, Wu N, You Y. 2009. Quantitative health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on citizens in Tianjin, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 83(2):151–154.
  • Bourotte C, Forti MC, Satie T, Marcia CB, Paulo AL. 2005. A wintertime study of PAHs in fine and coarse aerosols in Sao Paulo city. Brazil Atmos Environ 39(21):3799–3811.
  • Budzinski H, Jones I, Bellocq J, Pierard C, Garrigues P. 1997. Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Mar Chem. 58(1-2):85–97.
  • Callén MS, López JM, Mastral AM. 2010. Seasonal variation of benzo(a)pyrene in the Spanish airborne PM10. Multivariate linear regression model applied to estimate BaP concentrations. J Hazard Mater. 180(1-3):648–655.
  • Census Provisional Population Totals. 2011. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. [accessed 2020 May 30]. https://censusindia.gov.in.
  • CEPA. 2004. The Report on Diesel Exhaust. California Environmental Protection Agency (2004). [Accessed 2020 May 30]. http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxic/dieseltac/de-fnds.htm.
  • Cheng J, Yuan T, Wu Q, Zhao W, Xie H, Ma Y, Ma J, Wang W. 2007. PM 10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cancer risk estimation in the atmosphere surrounding an industrial area of Shanghai, China. Water Air Soil Pollut. 183(1-4):437–446.
  • Chen S-C, Liao C-M. 2006. Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources. Sci Total Environ. 366(1):112–123.
  • Chen H, Ma S, Yu Y, Liu R, Li G, Huang H, An T. 2019. Seasonal profiles of atmospheric PAHs in an e-waste dismantling area and their associated health risk considering bioaccessible PAHs in the human lung. Sci Total Environ. 683:371–379.
  • Chen Y, Sheng G, Bi X, Feng Y, Mai B, Fu J. 2005. Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China. Environ Sci Technol. 39(6):1861–1867.
  • Dickhut RM, Canuel EA, Gustafson KE, Liu K, Arzayus KM, Walker SE, Edgecombe G, Gaylor MO, MacDonald EH. 2000. Automotive sources of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with particulate matter in the Chesapeake Bay region. Environ Sci Technol. 34(21):4635–4640.
  • Duval MM, Friedlander SK. 1981. Source resolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Los Angeles atmosphere—application of CMB with first order decay. US EPA Report no EPA-600/2-81-161.
  • Esen F, Cindoruk SS, Tasdemir Y. 2008. Bulk deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an industrial site of Turkey. Environ Pollut. 152(2):461–467.
  • Fang G-C, Chang C-N, Wu Y-S, Fu PP-C, Yang I-L, Chen M-H. 2004. Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung. Sci Total Environ. 327(1-3):135–146.
  • Fang G-C, Wu Y-S, Chen J-C, Chang C-N, Ho T-T. 2006. Characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and source identification for fine and coarse particulates at Taichung Harbor near Taiwan Strait during 2004-2005. Sci Total Environ. 366(2-3):729–738.
  • Fraser MP, Cass GR, Simoneit BR, Rasmussen RA. 1998. Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 5. C6− C22 nonpolar and semipolar aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol. 32(12):1760–1770.
  • Froehner S, Maceno M, Machado KS, Grube M. 2011. Health risk assessment of inhabitants exposed to PAHs particulate matter in air. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 46(8):817–823.
  • Guo H, Lee SC, Ho KF, Wang XM, Zou SC. 2003. Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Hong Kong. Atmos Environ. 37(38):5307–5317.
  • Guo ZG, Sheng LF, Feng JL, Fang M. 2003. Seasonal variation of solvent extractable organic compounds in the aerosols in Qingdao, China. Atmos Environ. 37(13):1825–1834.
  • Gurjar BR, Jain A, Sharma A, Agarwal A, Gupta P, Nagpure AS, Lelieveld J. 2010. Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmos Environ. 44(36):4606–4613.
  • Harrison RM, Smith DJT, Luhana L. 1996. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK. Environ Sci Technol. 30(3):825–832.
  • Hu Y, Bai Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang L, Yu Q, Zhu T. 2007. Health risk assessment for traffic policemen exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tianjin, China. Sci Total Environ. 382(2-3):240–250.
  • Jyethi DS, Khillare PS, Sarkar S. 2014. Risk assessment of inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in school children. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 21(1):366–378.
  • Karar K, Gupta AK. 2006. Seasonal variations and chemical characterization of ambient PM10 at residential and industrial sites of an urban region of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Atmos Res. 81(1):36–53.
  • Kaur S, Senthilkumar K, Verma VK, Kumar B, Kumar S, Katnoria JK, Sharma CS. 2013. Preliminary analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air particles (PM10) in Amritsar, India: sources, apportionment, and possible risk implications to humans. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 65(3):382–395.
  • Kavouras IG, Lawrence J, Koutrakis P, Stephanou EG, Oyola P. 1999. Measurement of particulate aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Santiago de Chile: source reconciliation and evaluation of sampling artifacts. Atmos Environ. 33(30):4977–4986.
  • Khalili NR, Scheff PA, Holsen TM. 1995. PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and, gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions. Atmos Environ. 29(4):533–542.
  • Kong S, Shi J, Lu B, Qiu W, Zhang B, Peng Y, Zhang B, Bai Z. 2011. Characterization of PAHs within P M10 fraction for ashes from coke production, iron smelt, heating station and power plant stacks in Liaoning Province. China. Atmos Environ. 45(23):3777–3785.
  • Krahl J, Seidel H, Jeberien H-E, Rückert M, Bahadir M. 1998. Pilot study: PAH fingerprints of aircraft exhaust in comparison with diesel engine exhaust. Fresenius J Analyt Chem. 360(6):693–696.
  • Kulkarni P, Venkataraman C. 2000. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mumbai, India. Atmos Environ. 34(17):2785–2790.
  • Lakhani A. 2012. Source apportionment of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at an industrial location in Agra, India. Sci World J. 2012:781291
  • Larsen RK, Baker JE. 2003. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods. Environ Sci Technol. 37(9):1873–1881. 1
  • Lau KL, Tsang YY, Chiu SW. 2003. Use of spent mushroom compost to bioremediate PAH-contaminated samples. Chemosphere. 52(9):1539–1546.
  • Liao CM, Chiang KC. 2006. Probabilistic risk assessment for personal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taiwanese temples. Chemosphere. 63(9):1610–1619.
  • Lodovici M, Venturini M, Marini E, Grechi D, Dolara P. 2003. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons air levels in Florence, Italy, and their correlation with other air pollutants. Chemosphere. 50(3):377–382.
  • Mandalakis M, Tsapakis M, Tsoga A, Stephanou EG. 2002. Gas-particle concentrations and distribution of alipha-tic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the atmo-sphere of Athens (Greece). Atmos Environ. 36(25):4023–4035.
  • Mantis J, Chaloulakou A, Samara C. 2005. PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Greater Area of Athens, Greece. Chemosphere. 59(5):593–604.
  • Mastral AM, Callen MS. 2000. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from energy generation. Environ Sci Technol. 34(15):3051–3057.
  • May WE, Wasik SP, Miller MM, Tewari YB, Brown-Thomas JM, Goldberg RN. 1983. Solution thermodynamics of some slightly soluble hydrocarbons in water. J Chem Eng Data. 28(2):197–200.
  • Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2009. Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2009 Notified. [accessed 2022 Jan 18]. http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Press-Note-on-RNAAQS_1.pdf.
  • Mohanraj R, Solaraj G, Dhanakumar S. 2011. Fine particulate phase PAHs in ambient atmosphere of Chennai metropolitan city, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 18(5):764–771.
  • Najmeddin A, Keshavarzi B. 2019. Health risk assessment and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM10 and road deposited dust in Ahvaz metropolis of Iran. Environ Geochem Health. 41(3):1267–1290.
  • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). 2009. Air Quality Standards. [accessed 2022 Jan 18]. http://www.cpcbenvis.nic.in/envis_newsletter/Air%20Quality%20of%20Delhi.pdf.
  • Nisbet IC, Lagoy PK. 1992. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 16(3):290–300.
  • Park SS, Kim YJ, Kang CH. 2002. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea. Atmos Environ. 36(17):2917–2924.
  • Planning Department 2009. Economic survey of Delhi 2008–2009. Government of NCT of Delhi.
  • Rajput N, Lakhani A. 2010. Measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban atmosphere of Agra, India. Atmosfera. 23(2):165–183.
  • Ravindra K, Bencs L, Wauters E, de Hoog J, Deutsch F, Roekens E, Bleux N, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R. 2006. Seasonal and site specific variation in vapor and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and theirrelation with anthropogenic activities. Atmos Environ. 40(4):771–785.
  • Ravindra K, Sokhi R, Van Grieken R. 2008. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmos Environ. 42(13):2895–2921.
  • Ravindra K, Wauters E, Tyagi SK, Mor S, Van Grieken R. 2006. Assessment of air quality after the implementationof CNG as fuel in public transport in Delhi. Environ Monit Assess. 115(1-3):405–417.
  • Rogge WF, Hildemann LM, Mazurek MA, Cass GR, Simoneit BR. 1993a. Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Environ Sci Technol. 27(4):636–651.
  • Rogge WF, Hildemann LM, Mazurek MA, Cass GR, Simoneit BRT. 1993b. Sources of fine organic aerosol. 5. Natural gas home appliances. Environ Sci Technol. 27(13):2736–2744.
  • Saarnio K, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Sandell E, Pennanen AS, Salonen RO. 2008. Polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in size-segregated particulate matter from six urbansites in Europe. Atmos Environ. 42(40):9087–9097.
  • Sarkar S, Khillare PS. 2013. Profile of PAHs in the inhalable particulate fraction: source apportionment and associated health risks in a tropical megacity. Environ Monit Assess. 185(2):1199–1213.
  • Sarkar S, Khillare PS, Jyethi DS, Hasan A, Parween M. 2010. Chemical speciation of respirable suspended particulate matter during a major firework festival in India. J Hazard Mater. 184(1-3):321–330.
  • Saxena P, Vaishali N, editors. 2018. Air pollution: sources, impacts and controls. Oxford, U.K.: CABI.
  • Saxena P, Sonwani S. 2019a. Criteria air pollutants: chemistry, sources and sinks. In: Criteria air pollutants and their impact on environmental health. Singapore: Springer; p. 7–48.
  • Saxena P, Sonwani S. 2019b. Primary criteria air pollutants: environmental health effects. In: Criteria air pollutants and their impact on environmental health. Singapore: Springer; p. 49–82.
  • Saxena P, Sonwani S. 2019c. Secondary criteria air pollutants: environmental health effects. In: Criteria air pollutants and their impact on environmental health. Singapore: Springer; p. 83–126.
  • Saxena P, Sonwani S, Kulshrestha UC. 2016. Impact of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter on plant health. Sustain Future Food Security Changing Environ. 1:19–42.
  • Saxena P, Sonwani S, Srivastava A, Jain M, Srivastava A, Bharti A, Rangra D, Mongia N, Tejan S, Bhardwaj S. 2021. Impact of crop residue burning in Haryana on the air quality of Delhi, India. Heliyon. 7(5):e06973.
  • Sienra MR, Rosazza NG, Préndez M. 2005. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate matter. Atmos Res. 75(4):267–281.
  • Simcik MF, Eisenreich SJ, Lioy PJ. 1999. Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Atmos Environ . 33(30):5071–5079.
  • Sonwani S, Amreen H, Khillare PS. 2016. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric particulate of NCR, Delhi, India. In: 41st COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Istanbul Congress Center (ICC), Turkey, 41: A1.1-51-16.
  • Sonwani S, Kulshrestha U. 2018. Morphology, elemental composition and source identification of airborne particles in Delhi, India. J Indian Geophys Union. 22(6):607–620.
  • Sonwani S, Kulshrestha UC. 2017. Wet scavenging of organic and elemental carbon during summer monsoon and winter monsoon seasons. In: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, New Orleans, USA, December 2017, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2017, USA, abstract #A21L-01.
  • Sonwani S, Kulshrestha UC. 2019. PM 10 carbonaceous aerosols and their real-time wet scavenging during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons at Delhi, India. J Atmos Chem. 76(3):171–200.
  • Sonwani S, Saxena P. 2021. Water-insoluble carbonaceous components in rainwater over an urban background location in Northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 28(38):53016–53058.
  • Sonwani S, Saxena P, Shukla A. 2021. Carbonaceous aerosol characterization and their relationship with meteorological parameters during summer monsoon and winter monsoon at an industrial region in Delhi. India. Earth Space Sci. 8(4):e2020EA001303.
  • Srogi K. 2007. Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review. Environ Chem Lett. 5(4):169–195.
  • Tham YWF, Takeda K, Sakugawa H. 2008. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with atmospheric particles in Higashi Hiroshima, Japan: influence of meteorological conditions and seasonal variations. Atmos. Res. 88(3-4):224–233.
  • Tian F, Chen J, Qiao X, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang D, Ge L. 2009. Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in Dalian, China: factor analysis with non-negative constraintscombined with local source fingerprints. Atmos. Environ. 43(17):2747–2753.
  • US EPA 2002. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites. OSWER. p. 2002. [9355.4-24]).
  • US EPA 2005. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. In Risk Assessment Forum US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC EPA/630/P-03 F (Vol. 1).
  • Venkataraman C, Lyons JM, Friedlander SK. 1994. Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elemental carbon. 1. Sampling, measurement methods, and source characterization. Environ Sci Technol. 28(4):555–562.
  • Wang X, Cheng H, Xu X, Zhuang G, Zhao C. 2008. A wintertime study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) in Beijing: assessment of energy structure conversion. J Hazard Mater. 157(1):47–56.
  • Wang G, Huang L, Zhao X, Niu H, Dai Z. 2006. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of atmospheric aerosols in five locations of Nanjing urban area, China. Atmos Res. 81(1):54–66..
  • Wiriya W, Prapamontol T, Chantara S. 2013. PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chiang Mai (Thailand): seasonal variations, source identification, health risk assessment and their relationship to air-mass movement. Atmos. Res. 124:109–122.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). 1987. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In: Air quality guidelines for Europe Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. pp. 105–117. [accessed 2020 May 30]. https://apps.int/iris/handle/10665/107364.
  • World Health Organization 2005. Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. World Health Organization. [accessed 2022 Jan 18]. https://books.google.co.in/.
  • Xia K, Hagood G, Childers C, Atkins J, Rogers B, Ware L, Armbrust K, Jewell J, Diaz D, Gatian N, et al. 2012. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mississippi seafood from areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environ Sci Technol. 46(10):5310–5318.
  • Yajuan YU, Huaicheng GUO, Yong LIU, Huang K, Zhen WANG, Xinye ZHAN. 2008. Mixed uncertainty analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inhalation and risk assessment in ambient air of Beijing. J Environ Sci. 20(4):505–512.
  • Yang H, Hsieh L, Liu H, Mi H. 2005. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from motorcycles. Atmos Environ. 39(1):17–25.
  • Yu X, Gao Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Cheung K, Wong M. 2006. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils at Guiyu area of China, affected by recycling of electronic waste using primitive technologies. Chemosphere. 65(9):1500–1509.
  • Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Vingarzan R, Mitchell RH, Goyette D, Sylvestre S. 2002. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org Geochem. 33(4):489–515.
  • Zheng M, Fang M. 2000. Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Hong Kong. Water Air Soil Pollut. 117(1/4):175–189.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.