Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 36, 2024 - Issue 2
87
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Inhalation exposure to toxic heavy metals in nail salon technicians and health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 90-99 | Received 05 Jul 2023, Accepted 31 Jan 2024, Published online: 26 Feb 2024

References

  • Alam MF, Akhter M, Mazumder B, Ferdous A, Hossain MD, Dafader NC, Ahmed FT, Kundu SK, Taheri T, Atique Ullah AKM. 2019. Assessment of some heavy metals in selected cosmetics commonly used in Bangladesh and human health risk. J Anal Sci Technol. 10(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s40543-018-0162-0.
  • Bauer JA, Claus Henn B, Austin C, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, White RF, Yang Q, Coull BA, et al. 2017. Manganese in teeth and neurobehavior: sex-specific windows of susceptibility. Environ Int. 108:299–308. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.013.
  • Benson NU, Anake WU, Adedapo AE, Fred-Ahmadu OH, Ayejuyo OO. 2017. Toxic metals in cigarettes and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Environ Monit Assess. 189(12):619. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6348-x.
  • Bowler RM, Beseler CL, Gocheva VV, Colledge M, Kornblith ES, Julian JR, Kim Y, Bollweg G, Lobdell DT. 2016. Environmental exposure to manganese in air: associations with tremor and motor function. Sci Total Environ. 541:646–654. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.084.
  • Ceballos DM, Young AS, Allen JG, Specht AJ, Nguyen VT, Craig JA, Miller M, Webster TF. 2021. Exposures in nail salons to trace elements in nail polish from impurities or pigment ingredients–a pilot study. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 232:113687. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113687.
  • Chashschin VP, Artunina GP, Norseth T. 1994. Congenital defects, abortion and other health effects in nickel refinery workers. Sci Total Environ. 148(2-3):287–291. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90405-7.
  • Chauhan AS, Bhadauria R, Singh AK, Lodhi SS, Chaturvedi DK, Tomar VS. 2010. Determination of lead and cadmium in cosmetic products. J Chem Pharmaceut Res. 2(6):92–97.
  • Chen P, Bi X, Zhang J, Wu J, Feng Y. 2015. Assessment of heavy metal pollution characteristics and human health risk of exposure to ambient PM2. 5 in Tianjin, China. Particuology. 20:104–109. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2014.04.020.
  • Costa M, Klein CB. 2006. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol. 36(2):155–163. doi: 10.1080/10408440500534032.
  • Dayan A, Paine A. 2001. Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: review of the literature from 1985 to 2000. Hum Exp Toxicol. 20(9):439–451. doi: 10.1191/096032701682693062.
  • Decyk A, Ksiezopolska M. 2022. Orthorexia nervosa-the border between healthy eating and eating disorders. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 73(4):381–385.
  • EPA U. 2009. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I: human health evaluation manual (Part F, Supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment). Washington DC
  • EPA, U. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F.
  • Ercilla-Montserrat M, Muñoz P, Montero JI, Gabarrell X, Rieradevall J. 2018. A study on air quality and heavy metals content of urban food produced in a Mediterranean city (Barcelona). J Cleaner Prod. 195:385–395. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.183.
  • Fakhri Y, Abtahi M, Atamaleki A, Raoofi A, Atabati H, Asadi A, Miri A, Shamloo E, Alinejad A, Keramati H, et al. 2019. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in honey: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and risk assessment. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 91:498–506. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.011.
  • Fallahzadeh RA, Miri M, Taghavi M, Gholizadeh A, Anbarani R, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Ferrante M, Oliveri Conti G. 2018. Spatial variation and probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to fluoride in drinking water. Food Chem Toxicol. 113:314–321. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.001.
  • Ficheux AS, Chevillotte G, Wesolek N, Morisset T, Dornic N, Bernard A, Bertho A, Romanet A, Leroy L, Mercat AC, et al. 2016. Consumption of cosmetic products by the French population second part: amount data. Food Chem Toxicol. 90:130–141. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.008.
  • Gad SC. 1989. Acute and chronic systemic chromium toxicity. Sci Total Environ. 86(1-2):149–157. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(89)90201-5.
  • Gatica‐Ortega ME, Pastor‐Nieto MA, Mercader‐García P, Silvestre‐Salvador JF. 2017. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth) acrylates in long‐lasting nail polish–are we facing a new epidemic in the beauty industry? Contact Dermatitis. 77(6):360–366. doi: 10.1111/cod.12827.
  • Godt J, Scheidig F, Grosse-Siestrup C, Esche V, Brandenburg P, Reich A, Groneberg DA. 2006. The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J Occup Med Toxicol. 1(1):1–6. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-22.
  • Grashow R, Spiro A, Taylor KM, Newton K, Shrairman R, Landau A, Sparrow D, Hu H, Weisskopf M. 2013. Cumulative lead exposure in community-dwelling adults and fine motor function: comparing standard and novel tasks in the VA normative aging study. Neurotoxicology. 35:154–161. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.005.
  • Grosser Z, Davidowski L, Thompson L, Food T. 2011. The determination of metals in cosmetics. PerkinElmer Appl. Note. 1:1–6.
  • Halliday-Bell JA, Gissler M, Jaakkola JJ. 2009. Work as a hairdresser and cosmetologist and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Occup Med (Lond). 59(3):180–184. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqp017.
  • Hamamci C, Gümgüm B, Akba O, Erdogan S. 1997. Lead in urban street dust in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull. 6(7):430–437.
  • Harris-Roberts J, Bowen J, Sumner J, Stocks-Greaves M, Bradshaw L, Fishwick D, Barber C. 2011. Work-related symptoms in nail salon technicians. Occup Med (Lond). 61(5):335–340. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqr096.
  • He K, Xun P, Liu K, Morris S, Reis J, Guallar E. 2013. Mercury exposure in young adulthood and incidence of diabetes later in life: the CARDIA Trace Element Study. Diabetes Care. 36(6):1584–1589. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1842.
  • Hossain MT, Hassi U, Huq SI. 2018. Assessment of concentration and toxicological (Cancer) risk of lead, cadmium and chromium in tobacco products commonly available in Bangladesh. Toxicol Rep. 5:897–902. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.019.
  • Iwegbue C. 2016. Safety evaluation of the metals in some brands of nail polish in Nigeria. J Verbr Lebensm. 11(3):271–278. doi: 10.1007/s00003-016-1027-3.
  • Jefferson J, Rich P. 2012. Update on nail cosmetics. Dermatol Ther. 25(6):481–490. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01543.x.
  • Ji JS, Power MC, Sparrow D, Spiro A, III, Hu H, Louis ED, Weisskopf MG. 2015. Lead exposure and tremor among older men: the VA normative aging study. Environ Health Perspect. 123(5):445–450. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408535.
  • Karimi G, Ziarati P. 2015. Heavy metal contamination of popular nail polishes in Iran. Iran J Toxicol. 9(29):1290–1295.
  • Kopelovich L, Perez AL, Jacobs N, Mendelsohn E, Keenan JJ. 2015. Screening-level human health risk assessment of toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail lacquers. Food Chem Toxicol. 81:46–53. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.011.
  • Kulwa G, Mihale M. 2020. Levels and exposure risks of lead, arsenic and mercury from selected lipstick and nail polish cosmetics marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanz J Sci. 46(3):779–790. doi: 10.4314/tjs.v46i3.18.
  • Li X, Poon C-s, Liu PS. 2001. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong. Appl Geochem. 16(11-12):1361–1368. doi: 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00045-2.
  • Lteif M, El Hayek MS, Azouri H, Antonios D. 2020. Assessment of work-related symptoms, perceived knowledge, and attitude among nail salon technicians. Toxicol Ind Health. 36(11):852–862. doi: 10.1177/0748233720951294.
  • Ma GX, Wei Z, Husni R, Do P, Zhou K, Rhee J, Tan Y, Navder K, Yeh M-C. 2019. Characterizing occupational health risks and chemical exposures among Asian nail salon workers on the East Coast of the United States. J Community Health. 44(6):1168–1179. doi: 10.1007/s10900-019-00702-0.
  • Mendelsohn E, Hagopian A, Hoffman K, Butt CM, Lorenzo A, Congleton J, Webster TF, Stapleton HM. 2016. Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate. Environ Int. 86:45–51. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.005.
  • Mousavian NA, Mansouri N and Nezhadkurki F. 2017. Estimation of heavy metal exposure in workplace and health risk exposure assessment in steel industries in Iran. Measurement 102:286–290.
  • Nir SM. 2015. Perfect nails, poisoned workers. New York Times.
  • Nnorom I, Igwe J, Oji-Nnorom C. 2005. Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 4(10):1113–1138.
  • Osadolor H, Igharo O, Onyeogalu A. 2016. Renal function assessment of workers occupationally exposed to hair and nail care products in Benin City, Edo State. BJMMR. 14(8):1–11. doi: 10.9734/BJMMR/2016/24619.
  • Ouremi OI, Ayodele OE. 2014. Lipsticks and nail polishes: potential sources of heavy metal in human body. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 3(4):45.
  • Park S-A, Gwak S, Choi S. 2014. Assessment of occupational symptoms and chemical exposures for nail salon technicians in Daegu City, Korea. J Prev Med Public Health. 47(3):169–176. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.3.169.
  • Quach T, Nguyen K-D, Doan-Billings P-A, Okahara L, Fan C, Reynolds P. 2008. A preliminary survey of Vietnamese nail salon workers in Alameda County, California. J Community Health. 33(5):336–343. doi: 10.1007/s10900-008-9107-7.
  • Quach T, Varshavsky J, Von Behren J, Garcia E, Tong M, Nguyen T, Tran A, Gunier R, Reynolds P. 2013. Reducing chemical exposures in nail salons through owner and worker trainings: an exploratory intervention study. Am J Ind Med. 56(7):806–817. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22146.
  • Roels H, Ghyselen P, Buchet J-P, Ceulemans E, Lauwerys R. 1992. Assessment of the permissible exposure level to manganese in workers exposed to manganese dioxide dust. Br J Ind Med. 49(1):25–34. doi: 10.1136/oem.49.1.25.
  • Rubinstein RY, Kroese DP. 2016. Simulation and the Monte Carlo method: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470230381.
  • Sezgin N, Ozcan HK, Demir G, Nemlioglu S, Bayat C. 2004. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway. Environ Int. 29(7):979–985. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00075-8.
  • Shakibaei N. 2014. Reducing workers’ exposures to chemicals and dust in nail salons using local exhaust ventilation systems. (Dissertation). Environmental science engineering, University of Washington.
  • Shih RA, Hu H, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz BS. 2007. Cumulative lead dose and cognitive function in adults: a review of studies that measured both blood lead and bone lead. Environ Health Perspect. 115(3):483–492. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9786.
  • Sureda A, Bibiloni MDM, Julibert A, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Palacios-Le Blé G, Pons A, Gonzalez-Gross M, Tur JA. 2017. Trace element contents in toenails are related to regular physical activity in older adults. PLoS One. 12(10):e0185318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185318.
  • Vickers NJ. 2017. Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Curr Biol. 27(14):R713–R715. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.064.
  • Walker R. 2012. Are the emerging markets a safe haven for beauty? Global Cosmetic Industry. 180(2):30.
  • Weiss B. 2012. Aging and vulnerability to environmental chemicals: age-related disorders and their origins in environmental exposures. Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/9781849734660-00473.
  • Weisskopf MG, Sparrow D, Hu H, Power MC. 2015. Biased exposure–health effect estimates from selection in cohort studies: are environmental studies at particular risk? Environ Health Perspect. 123(11):1113–1122. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408888.
  • Weisskopf MG, Weuve J, Nie H, Saint-Hilaire M-H, Sudarsky L, Simon DK, Hersh B, Schwartz J, Wright RO, Hu H. 2010. Association of cumulative lead exposure with Parkinson’s disease. Environ Health Perspect. 118(11):1609–1613. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002339.
  • Yaaqub RR, Davies T, Jickells TD, Miller J. 1991. Trace elements in daily collected aerosols at a site in southeast England. Atmos Environ Part A. 25(5-6):985–996. doi: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90140-3.
  • Yu H, Lin M, Peng W, He C. 2022. Seasonal changes of heavy metals and health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation in alternate water sources of the Xinbian River in Suzhou City, Huaibei Plain, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 236:113445. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113445.
  • Zeverdegani SK, Mohebian Z. 2024. Assessing the health risks of dermal exposure to heavy metals dust among nail salon technicians. Work. 10.3233/WOR-230336.
  • Zhong L, Batterman S, Milando CW. 2019. VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 92(1):141–153. doi: 10.1007/s00420-018-1353-0.
  • Ziarati P, Moghimi S, Arbabi-Bidgoli S, Qomi M. 2012. Risk assessment of heavy metal contents (lead and cadmium) in lipsticks in Iran. IJCEA. 3(6):450–452. doi: 10.7763/IJCEA.2012.V3.241.
  • Zohre F et al., 2017. Evaluation of cancer risk of heavy metals in the air of a high traffic urban region and its source identification. J hum environ health promot. 2(2):79–88.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.