STUDIES ON THE INHALATION TOXICOLOGY OF TWO FIBERGLASSES AND AMOSITE ASBESTOS IN THE SYRIAN GOLDEN HAMSTER. PART II. RESULTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE

REFERENCES

• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1998. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. ACGIH.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. C., Lamb, P. W., and Wiseman, R. W. 1989. Multiple mechanisms for the carcinogenic effects of asbestos and other mineral fibers. Environ. Health Perspect. 81:81–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellmann, B., Muhle, H., Pott, F., Konig, H., Kloppel, H., and Spurny, K. 1987. Persistence of man-made mineral fibres (MMMF) and asbestos in rat lungs. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31:693–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, D. W., Crump, K. S., Chatfield, E. J., Davis, J. M. G., and Jones, A. D. 1995. The sizes, shapes, and mineralogy of asbestos structures that induce lung tumors or mesothelioma in AF/HAN rats following inhalation. Risk Anal. 15:181–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. M., and Drew, R. 1980. Experimental approaches for exposure to sized glass fibers. Environ. Health Perspect. 34:47–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. M., Morscheidt, C., Grimm, H. G., Thevenaz, P., and Teichert, U. 1996. Evaluation of soluble fibers using the inhalation biopersistence model, A nine-fiber comparison. Inhal. Toxicol. 8:345–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, T., Castranova, V., Schwegler-Berry, D., Baron, P., Deye, G. J., Li, C., and Jones, W. 1998. Effect of fiber length on glass microfiber cytotoxicity.J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54:243–259.
   Google Scholar
• Boorman, G. A., and Eustis, S. L. 1990. Lung. In Pathology of the Fischer rat, eds. G. A. Boorman, S. L. Eustis, M. R. Elwell, C. A. Montgomery, and W. F. MacKenzie, pp. 339–368. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brody, A. R., Hill, L. H., and Warheit, B. 1985. Induction of early alveolar injury by inhaled asbestos and silica. Fed. Proc. 44:2596–2601.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cannon, W. C., Blanton, E. F., and McDonald, K. E. 1983. The flow-past chamber: An improved nose-only exposure system for rodents.]. Am. Ind. Hyg Assoc. 44:923–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone, M., Pass, H. I., Rizzo, P., Marinetti, M. R., Di Muzio, M., Mew, D. J. Y., Levine, A. S., and Procopio, A. 1994. Simian virus 4-like DNA sequences in human pleural mesothelioma. Oncogene 9:1781–1790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case, T. E., Axten, C. W., Byers, C. D., Carter, C. M., Cereghini, R., and Reynolds, J. A study of worker exposures during the removal of man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) insulation products. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Cherrie, J., Dodgson, J., Groat, S., and Maclaren, W. 1986. Environmental surveys in the European man-made mineral fiber production industry. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 12(1):18–25.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, V.R., Eastes, W., Hamilton, R. D., and Struss, A. W. 1993. Fiber diameter distributions in typical MMVF wool insulation products.]. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 54(5):232–238.
   Google Scholar
• Cicala, C., Pompetti, F., and Carbone, M. 1993. 5V40 induces mesotheliomas in hamsters. Am. J. Pathol. 142:1524–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corn, M., and Sansone, E. B. 1974. Determination of total suspended particulate matter and airborne fiber concentrations at three fibrous glass manufacturing facilities. Environ. Res. 8(1):37-52. Corn, M., Hammod, Y. Y., Whittier, D., and Kotsko, N. 1976. Employee exposure to airborne fiber and particulate matter in two mineral wool facilities. Environ. Res. 12:59–74.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, J. M. G., Addison, J., Bolton, R. E., Donaldson, K., Jones, A. D., and Smith, T. 1986. The path-ogenicity of long versus short fibre samples and amosite asbestos administered to rats by inhala-tion and intraperitoneal injection. Br.]. Exp. Pathol. 67:415–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. M. G., Brown, D. M., Cullen, R. T., Donaldson, K., Jones, A. D., Miller, B. G., McIntosh, C., and Searl, A. 1996. A comparison of methods of determining and predicting the pathogenicity of mineral fibers. InhaL ToxicoL 8:747–770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dement, J. M. 1975. Environmental aspects of fibrous glass production and utilization. Environ. Res. 9:295–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll, R. 1986. Overview and conclusions. Symposium on MMMF, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 1986. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31(46):805–819.
   Google Scholar
• Eastes, W., and Hadley, J. 1996. A mathematical model of fiber carcinogenicity and fibrosis in inhalation and intraperitoneal experiments in rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 8:323–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmen, N. A., Corn, M., Hammad, Y. Y., Whittier, D., and Kotsko, N. 1979. Summary of measure-ments of employees exposure to airborne dust and fiber in sixteen facilities producing man-made mineral fibers. Am. Ind. Hyg Assoc. J. 40:108–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt, J. Chronic inhalation toxicity of two types of fibrous glass and amosite asbestos in Syrian golden hamsters. ToxicoL Pathol., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Everitt, J., Bermundez, E., Mangum, J. B., Wong, B., Moss, 0. R., Janszen, D., and Rutten, A. A. A. J. J. L. 1994. Pleural lesions in Syrian golden hamsters and Fischer-344 rats following intrapleural instillation of man-made ceramic or glass fibers. ToxicoL Pathol. 22: 229–236.
   Google Scholar
• Fortner, J. G. 1961. The influence of castration on spontaneous tumorigenesis in the Syrian hamster. Cancer Res. 21:149–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, P., Kaschak, M., Tolker, E. B., Babyak, M. A., and De Treville, R. T. P. 1970. The pulmonary reaction to high concentrations of fibrous glass dust. Arch. Environ. Health 23:67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, E. W., Shilkin, K. B., Whitaker, D., Attwood, H. D., Constance, T. J., Steele, R. H., and Leppard, P. J. 1992. The pathology of malignant mesothelioma, including immunohistology and ultrastructure. In Malignant mesothelioma, eds. D. W. Henderson, K. B. Shilkin, S. L. P. Langlois, and D. Whitaker, pp. 69–139. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., and Hart, G. A. 1994. A comparison of human exposures to fiber glass with those used in a recent rat chronic inhalation study. Reg. ToxicoL PharmacoL 20:535–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Vu, V., Chase, G. R., McConnell, E. E., Bunn, W. B., and Anderson, R. 1991. Use of animal models to study man-made fiber carcinogenesis. In Cellular and molecular aspects of fiber carcinogenesis, pp. 183–205. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Miiller, W. C., McConnell, E. E., Chevalier, J., Hadley, J. G., Bernstein, D. M., Thevenaz, P., and Anderson, R. 1993. Chronic inhalation toxicity of size-separated glass fibers in Fischer 344 rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 20:464–476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., McConnell, E. E., Miiller, W. C., Chevalier, J., Everitt, J., Thevenaz, P., Fleissner, H., and Oberdorster, G. 1996. Use of lung toxicity and lung particle clearance to esti-mate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for a fiber glass chronic inhalation study in the rat. Fundam. AppL ToxicoL 32:31–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Axten, C., McConnell, E. E., Oberdorster, G., Everitt, J., Miiller, W. C., Chevalier, J., Chase, G. R., and Thevenaz, P. 1997. Chronic inhalation study of fiber glass and amosite asbestos in hamsters: Twelve-month preliminary results. Environ. Health Perspect. 105: 1223–1229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Axten, C., McConnell, E. E., Oberdorster, G., Everitt, J., Miiller, W. C., Chevalier, J., Chase, G. R., and Thevenaz, P. (1999). Studies on the inhalation toxicology of two fiber glasses and amosite asbestos in Syrian golden hamsters. Part I. Results of subchronic study and dose selection for a chronic study. InhaL ToxicoL 11:747–784.
   Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Chase, G., Axten, C., Miiller, W. C., Musselman, R. P., Kamstrup, 0., Hadley, J., Morscheidt, C., Bernstein, D., and Thevenaz, P. 1998. Biopersistence of synthetic vitreous fibers and amosite asbestos in the rat lung following inhalation, a joint study of NAIMA and EURIMA. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 151: 262–275..
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 1977. Asbestos. Monograph 14. Lyon: IARC.
   Google Scholar
• ARC. 1987. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC monographs volumes 1-42. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. Suppl. 7. Lyon: IARC. Infante, P. F., Schuman, L. D., Dement, J., and Huff, J. 1994. Commentary: Fibrous glass and cancer. Am.]. Ind. Med. 25:559–584.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, D. L., Healey, J. J., Ayer, H. E., and Lynch, J. R. 1969. Exposure to fibers in the manufacture of fibrous glass. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30:545–550.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamp, D. W., Israbian, V. A., Yeldandi, A. V., Panos, R. J., Graceffa, P., and Weitzman, S. A. 1995. Phytic acid, an iron chelator, attenuates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats after intra-tracheal instillation of asbestos. Toxicol. PathoL 23:689–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, A. R., and Axten, C. W. 1995. Exposures to airborne fiber and free crystalline silica during installation of commercial and industrial mineral wool products. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 56: 1016–1022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krombach, F., Munzing, S., Allmeling, A. M., Gerlach, J. T., Behr, J., and Dorger, M. 1997. Cell size of alveolar macrophages: An interspecies comparison. Environ. Health Perspect. 105(5):1261–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauweryns, J. M., and Baert, J. H. 1977. State of the art. Alveolar clearance and the role of the pul-monary lymphatics. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 115:625–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, B. D., Bunn, W., and Hesterberg, T. W. 1991. Solubility of natural mineral and man-made vitre-ous fibers in Karnovsky's and formalin fixatives. Inhal. Toxicol. 3:309–321.
   Google Scholar
• Le Bouffant, L., Daniel, H., Henin, J. P., Martin, J. C., Normand, C., Thichoux, G., and Trolard, F. 1987. Experimental study on long-term effects of inhaled MMMF on the lung of rats. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31:765–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. P., Barras, E., Griffith, F. D., Waritz, R. S., and Lapin, C. A. 1981. Comparative pulmonary responses to inhaled inorganic fibers with asbestos and fiber glass. Environ Res. 24:167–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees, P. S. G., Breysse, P. N., McArthur, B. R., Miller, M. E., Robbins, C. A., and Corn, M. 1993. End user exposures to man-made vitreous fibers: I. Installation of residential products. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8:1022–1030.
   Google Scholar
• Lehnert, B. E., Valdez, Y. E., Sebring, R. J., Lehnert, N. M., Saunders, G. C. and Steinkamp, J. A. 1990. Airway intra-luminal macrophages: Evidence of origin and comparison to alveolar macro-phages. Am. J. Respir. Cell MoL Biol. 3:377–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippman, M. 1990. Man-made mineral fibers (MMMF): Human exposures and health risk assessment. Toxicol. Ind. Health 6(2):225–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald, J. L., and Kane, A. B. 1997. Mesothelial cell proliferation and biopersistence of wollas-tonite and crocidolite asbestos fibers. Fundam. Appl. ToxicoL 38:173–183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malkusch, W., Rehn, B., and Bruch, J. 1995. Advantages of Sirius red staining for quantitative mor-phometric collagen measurements in lungs. Exp. Lung Res. 21(1):67–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mast, R. W., McConnell, E. E., Anderson, R., Chevalier, J., Kotin, P., Bernstein, D. M., Thevenaz, P., Glass, L. R., Miiller, W. C., and Hesterberg, T. W. 1995a. Studies on the chronic toxicity (inhalation) of four types of refractory ceramic fiber in male Fischer 344 rats. Inhal. ToxicoL 7: 425–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mast, R. W., McConnell, E. E., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Kotin, P., Thevenaz, P., Bernstein, D. M., Glass, L. R., Miiller, W., and Anderson, R. 1995b. A multiple dose chronic inhalation toxicity study of size-separated kaolin refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in male Fischer 344 rats. InhaL Toxicol. 7:469–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClellan, R. 0., Miller, F. J., Hesterberg, T. W., Warheit, D. B., Bunn, W. B., Kane, A. B., Lippmann, M., Mast, R. W., McConnell, E. E., and Reinhardt, C. F. 1992. Approaches to evalu-ating the toxicity and carcinogenicity of man-made fibers: Summary of a workshop held Novem-ber 11–13,1991, Durham, North Carolina. Regul. Toxicol. PharmacoL 16:321–364.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, E. E. 1989. The maximum tolerated dose: The debate./ Am. Coll. ToxicoL 6:1115-1120. McConnell, E. E. 1996. The maximum tolerated dose in particulate inhalation studies: A pathologist's point of view. Inhal. Toxicol. 8(suppl.):111–123.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, E. E., Wagner, J. C., Skidmore, J. W., and Moore, J. A. 1984. A comparative study of the fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects of UICC Canadian chrysotile B asbestos and glass microfibre (JM 100). In Biological effects of man-made mineral fibres, pp. 234–252. Proc. WHO/IARC Conference, Copenhagen,20-22 April, 1982, Vol. 2. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, E. E., Kamstrup, 0., Musselman, R., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Miiller, W. C., and Thevenaz, P. 1994. Chronic inhalation study of size-separated rock and slag wool insulation fibers in Fischer 344/N rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 6: 571–614.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, E. E., Mast, R. W., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Kotin, P., Bernstein, D. M., Thevenaz, P., Glass, L. R., and Anderson, R. 1995. Chronic inhalation toxicity of a kaolin based refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) in Syrian golden hamsters. Inhal. Toxicol. 7:503–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miiller, W. C., Hesterberg, T. W., and Hamilton, R. D. 1991. Oncogenicity Study of Respirable Refractory Ceramic Fibers (RCF) in Hamsters, pp. 1–69. MTC Report 092518. Littleton, CO: Mountain Technology Center.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, R. I., Donogrio, D. J., and Moorman, W. J. 1986. Chronic inhalation toxicity of fibrous glass in rats and monkeys.]. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 5:545–575.
   Google Scholar
• Mohr, U., Emura, M., Dungworth, D. L., and Ernst, H. 1996. Tumours of the lower respiratory tract. In Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals, Vol. 3, pp. 189–222, Tumours of the hamster, 2nd ed., eds. V. Turusov and U. Mohr. ILSI Scientific Publications 126. Lyon: IARC.
   Google Scholar
• Monchaux, G., Bignon, J., Hirsch, A., and Sebastien, P. 1982. Translocation of mineral fibres through the respiratory system after injection into the pleural cavity of rats. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 26:309–318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mossman, B. T., and Marsh, J. P. 1989. Evidence supporting a role for active oxygen species in asbestos-induced toxicity and lung disease. Environ. Health Perspect. 81:91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhle, H., Pott, F., Bellmann, B., Takenaka, S., and Ziem, U. 1987. Inhalation and injection experi-ments in rats to test the carcinogenicity of MMMF. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31:755–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musk, A. W., and Christmas, T. I. 1992. The clinical diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. In Malignant mesothelioma, eds. D. W. Henderson, K. B. Shilkin, S. L. P. Langlois, and D. Whitaker, pp. 253–258. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1994. Fibers: Method 7400, Revision #3. In NIOSH manual of analytical methods, 4th ed. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH.
   Google Scholar
• National Toxicology Program. 1983. Lifetime Carcinogenesis Studies of Amosite Asbestos in Syrian
   Google Scholar
• Golden Hamsters (Feed Studies). Technical Report Series 249. Research Triangle Park, NC: NTP. National Toxicology Program. 1984. Report of the NTP Ad Hoc Panel on Chemical Carcinogenesis
   Google Scholar
• Testing and Evaluation, pp. 95–198. Research Triangle Park, NC: NTP.
   Google Scholar
• National Toxicology Program. 1990. Lifetime Carcinogenesis Studies of Chrysotile Asbestos in Syrian Golden Hamsters (Feed Studies). Technical Report Series 246. Research Triangle Park, NC: NTP.
   Google Scholar
• Raabe, 0. G., Al-Bayati, M. A., Teague, S. V., and Rasolt, A. 1989. Regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse coarse and fine aerosol particles in small laboratory animals. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 32: 53–63.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. W., Antonini, J. M., Brismar, H., Lai, J., Hesterberg, T. W., Oldmixon, E. H., Thevenaz, P. and Grain, J. D. 1999. In situ microscopic analysis of asbestos and synthetic vitreous fibers retained in hamster lungs following inhalation. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:367–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roggli, V. L., Sanfilippo, F., and Sheolburne, J. 1992. Mesothelioma. In Pathology of asbestos and associated diseases, eds. V. L. Roggli, S. D. Greenberg, and P. C. Pratt, pp. 383–391. Boston: Little, Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Ruffen, A. A. A. J. J. L., Bermundez, E., Mangum, J. B., Wong, B., Moss, 0. R., and Everitt, J. 1994. Mesothelial cell proliferation induced by intrapleural instillation of man-made fibers in rats and hamsters. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23: 107–116.
   Google Scholar
• Sachsse, K., Ullman, L., and Zbinden, K. 1976. Toxikologische Prufungen von Aerosolen in Tier-experiment. Chem. Rudsch. 29(38):1.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. M., Ortiz, L. W., Archuleta, R. F., and Johnson, N. F. 1987. Long-term health effects in hamsters and rats exposed chronically to man-made vitreous fibres. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31:731–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, M., Layard, M, Tegaris, A., Miller, E., May, M., Morgan, E., and Smith, A. 1981. Relationship of particle dimension to the carcinogenicity in amphibole asbestoses and other fibrous minerals. JNCI 67:965–975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, R. G., and Smith, D. M. 1979. Lung tumors from 238 & 239Pu02-Zr02 aerosols in Syrian ham-sters. mt.]. Cancer24:594-599. hikes, F., and Beck, E. G. 1983. Influence of well-defined mineral fibers on proliferating cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 51:275–279.
   Google Scholar
• TIMA. 1991. Man-Made Vitreous Fibers: Nomenclature, Chemical and Physical Properties, pp. 1–72. Alexandria, VA: Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association.
   Google Scholar
• Turusov, V., and Mohr, U. 1996. Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol. 3, Tumours of the Hamster, 2nd ed.ILSI Scientific Publications 126. Lyon: IARC.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, J. C., Berry, G. B., Hill, R. J., Munday, D. E., and Skidmore, J. W. 1984. Animal experiments with MMM(V)F—Effects of inhalation and intrapleural inoculation in rats. In Biological effects of man-made mineral fibres, pp. 209–233. Proc. WHO/IARC Conference, Copenhagen, 20–22 April, 1982, Vol. 2. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Weitzman, S. A., and Weitberg, A. B. 1984. Asbestos catalyzes hydroxyl and superoxide radical gen-eration from hydrogen peroxide. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 228:373–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, D., Manning, L. S., Robinson, B. W. S., and Shilkin, K. B. 1992. The pathobiology of the mesothelium. In Malignant mesothelioma, eds. D. W. Henderson, K. B. Shilkin, S. L. P. Langlois, and D. Whitaker, pp. 25–68. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organizatim. 1985. Reference methods for measuring airborne man-made mineral fibers (MMVF). Copenhagen: WHO/EURO Technical Committee for Evaluating MMVF, WHO Regional Office.
   Google Scholar
• Zoitos, B. K., De Meringo, A., Rouyer, E., Thelohan, S., Bauer, J., Law, B., Boymel, P. M., Olson, J. R., Christensen, V. R., Gulberg, M., Koenig, A. R., and Perander, M. 1997. In vitro measure-ment of fiber dissolution rate relevant to biopersistence at neutral pH: An interlaboratory round robin. lnhal. Toxicol. 9:525–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar