References
- Acosta, A. (2017, May 22). Deregulators Must Follow the Law, So Regulators Will Too. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/deregulators-must-follow-the-law-so-regulators-will-too-1495494029
- Aikin, B. (2015, August 13). The biggest obstacle for states looking to launch auto-IRAs. InvestmentNews. Retrieved from http://www.investmentnews.com/article/20150813/BLOG09/150819952/the-biggest-obstacle-for-states-looking-to-launch-auto-iras
- Alfred, R. (2015). The one chart that explains 401(k) fees. BrightScope. Retrieved from http://www.brightscope.com/financial-planning/advice/article/15556/The-One-Chart-That-Explains-401K-Fees/
- American Savings Account Act of 2016, S. 2472, 114th Cong. (2016).
- American Savings Account Act of 2016, H.R. 5450, 114th Cong. (2016).
- Bai, M. (2012, March 28). Obama vs. Boehner: Who killed the debt deal. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/magazine/obama-vs-boehner-who-killed-the-debt-deal.html
- Bernard, T. (2017, July 28). Treasury ends Obama-Era program to help workers save for retirement. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/business/treasury-retirement-myra-obama.html
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2014). Changes in U.S. family finances from 2010 to 2013: Evidence from the survey of consumer finances. Washington, D.C.: Authors. Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2014/pdf/scf14.pdf
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2016). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. Households in 2015. Washington, D.C.: Authors. Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/2015-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201605.pdf
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2017). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. Households in 2016. Washington, D.C.: Authors. Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/2016-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201705.pdf
- Brody, D. (2015, May 21). Why Donald Trump won’t touch your entitlements. The Daily Signal. Retrieved from http://dailysignal.com/2015/05/21/why-donald-trump-wont-touch-your-entitlements/
- Bucknor, C., & Baker, D. (2016). Still working hard: An update on the share of older workers in physically demanding jobs. Washington, D.C.: Center for Economic and Policy Research. Retrieved from http://cepr.net/images/stories/reports/still-working-hard-2016-03.pdf
- Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Employee benefits in the United States – March 2016. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ebs2.pdf
- Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2016). Policy basics: Top ten facts about social security. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/research/social-security/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security
- Certner, D. (2016, February 11). New proposal could help small-business employees save for retirement. Washington, D.C.: AARP. Retrieved from http://blog.aarp.org/2016/02/11/expanding-employer-based-retirement-coverage/
- Chen, A., & Munnell, A. (2017). Who contributes to individual retirement accounts? Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. Retrieved from http://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IB_17-8-1.pdf
- Clingman, M., Burkhalter, K., & Chaplain, C. (2016). Replacement rates for hypothetical retired workers (Actuarial Note Number 2016.9). Washington, D.C.: Social Security Administration. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/oact/NOTES/ran9/an2016-9.pdf
- Colby, S., & Ortman, J. (2015) Projections of the size and composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060 (Current Population Reports P25-1143). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf
- Committee on Ways and Means. (2014). Tax Reform Act of 2014 discussion draft section-by-section summary. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://waysandmeans.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Ways_and_Means_Section_by_Section_Summary_FINAL_022614.pdf
- Congressional Budget Office. (2017). Cost estimate: H.R. 1628, American Health Care Act of 2017. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52752
- White House Council of Economic Advisers. (2015). The effects of conflicted investment advice on retirement savings. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/cea_coi_report_final.pdf
- Cramer, R., King, J., & Elliot, S. (2015). Flexible savings: The missing foundation for financial security and economic mobility. Washington, D.C.: New America Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.newamerica.org/asset-building/policy-papers/flexible-savings/
- Democratic National Committee. (2016). 2016 democratic party platform. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.democrats.org/Downloads/2016_DNC_Platform.pdf
- Devaney, T. (2016, June 8). Obama vetoes GOP attempt to rollback financial adviser rule. The Hill. Retrieved from http://thehill.com/regulation/282743-obama-vetoes-gop-attempt-to-rollback-financial-adviser-rule
- DeWitt, L. (1996). Origins of the three-legged stool metaphor for social security. Washington, D.C.: Social Security Administration. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/history/stool.html
- Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. (2016a). Fact sheet: Donald J. Trump’s new child care plan. Retrieved from https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/CHILD_CARE_FACT_SHEET.pdf
- Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. (2016b). Tax reform that will make America great again. Retrieved from https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/trump-tax-reform.pdf
- Dushi, I., Iams, H., & Trenkamp, B. (2017). The importance of social security benefits to the income of the aged population. Washington, D.C.: Social Security Administration. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v77n2/ssb-v77n2.pdf
- Fiduciary Duty Rule Memorandum for the Secretary of Labor. 82 Fed. Reg. 9675. (2017, February 7).
- Gotbaum, J. (2016). Losing ground: Little reason to celebrate 10th anniversary of the Pension Protection Act. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/losing-ground-little-reason-to-celebrate-10th-anniversary-of-the-pension-protection-act/
- Greenwald, L., Copeland, C., & VanDerhei, J. (2017) The 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey: Many workers lack retirement confidence and feel stressed about retirement preparations (EBRI Issue Brief No. 431). Washington, D.C.: Employee Benefit Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.ebri.org/pdf/briefspdf/EBRI_IB_431_RCS.21Mar17.pdf
- H.J. Res. 66, 115th Cong. (2017).
- H.J. Res. 67, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Harvey, C. (2017). Access to workplace retirement plans by race and ethnicity. Washington, D.C.: AARP Public Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/ppi/2017-01/Retirement%20Access%20Race%20Ethnicity.pdf
- Harwood, J. (2017, April 12). Trump’s budget director on what’s on, and off, the table for cuts. CNBC. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/11/trumps-budget-director-is-at-home-in-the-eye-of-the-storm.html
- Interpretive Bulletin Relating to State Savings Programs That Sponsor or Facilitate Plans Covered by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 Fed. Reg. 2509. (2015, November 18).
- Joint Committee on Taxation. (2017). Estimated budget effects of the conference agreement for H.R.1, the “Tax Cuts And Jobs Act” (JCX-67-17). Retrieved from https://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=5053
- Klein, B. [betsy_klein]. (2017, April 25). @IvankaTrump says childcare is going to be part of comprehensive tax reform: [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/betsy_klein/status/856942473851043840
- Leslie, K. (2017, January 6). Plano Rep. Sam Johnson to retire when term ends in 2018. Dallas News. Retrieved from https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2017/01/06/congressman-sam-johnson-retire-2018
- Lobosco, K. (2016, December 16). After one year, 20,000 people are saving for retirement with Obama’s myRA. CNN. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2016/12/16/retirement/obama-myra-retirement-saving/
- Lopez-Fernandini, A. & Schultz, C. (2010). Automating Savings in the Workplace: Insights from the AutoSave Pilot. Retrieved from New America Foundation: https://www.newamerica.org/asset-building/policy-papers/automating-savings-in-the-workplace/
- Madland, D., Rowell, A., & Davis, R. (2016). Improving Americans’ Retirement outcomes through the national savings plan. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress Action Fund. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/economy/reports/2016/01/28/128146/improving-americans-retirement-outcomes-through-the-national-savings-plan/
- Manganaro, J. (2017, December 5). Tax Bill Passed By Senate Backs Off 457(b), 403(b) plan changes. PlanAdviser. Retrieved from https://www.planadviser.com/tax-bill-passed-senate-backs-off-457b-403b-plan-changes/
- Marans, D. (2016, June 1). President Barack Obama backs expanding social security. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/barack-obama-expand-social-security_us_574f55bfe4b0eb20fa0cb690
- Miller, K., Madland, D., & Weller, C. (2015). The reality of the retirement crisis. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2015/01/26/105394/the-reality-of-the-retirement-crisis/
- Miners Protection Act of 2017, S. 175, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Munnell, A. (2014, April 30). The retirement-income crisis, in one chart. Market Watch. Retrieved from http://blogs.marketwatch.com/encore/2014/04/30/the-retirement-income-crisis-in-one-chart/
- Munnell, A., Hou, W., & Webb, A. (2014). NRRI Update Shows Half Still Falling Short. Retrieved from Center for Retirement Research at Boston College: http://crr.bc.edu/briefs/nrri-update-shows-half-still-falling-short/
- Munnell, A., & Webb, A. (2015). The impact of leakages of 401(k)/IRA assets. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. Retrieved from http://crr.bc.edu/briefs/the-impact-of-leakages-on-401kira-assets/
- Norton, M., DiJulio, B., & Brodie, M. (2015). Medicare and medicaid at 50. Washington, D.C.: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/medicaid/poll-finding/medicare-and-medicaid-at-50/
- Office of Management and Budget. (2013). Fiscal year 2014 budget of the U.S. government. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2014-BUD/pdf/BUDGET-2014-BUD.pdf
- Office of Management and Budget. (2016). The budget for fiscal year 2017. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2017/assets/budget.pdf
- Office of Management and Budget. (2017). Budget of the U.S. government fiscal year 2018. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/budget/fy2018/budget.pdf
- Office of Senator Marco Rubio. (2014). Fact sheet: Reforms to ensure a secure retirement for 21st century seniors. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=FCD59947-235B-4220-B622-03CDB08DC389
- Olorunnipa, T. (2018, March 14). Americans may get permanent tax cut in ‘Phase Two,’ Kudlow says. Bloomberg Politics. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-14/americans-may-get-permanent-tax-cut-in-phase-two-kudlow-says
- Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. (2016). Annual report 2016. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.pbgc.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/docs/2016-Annual-Report.pdf
- Pension Rights Center. (2016). State-based retirement plans for the private sector. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.pensionrights.org/issues/legislation/state-based-retirement-plans-private-sector
- Potter, R. (2017). Why Trump can’t undo the regulatory state so easily. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/why-trump-cant-undo-the-regulatory-state-so-easily/
- Protecting and Preserving Social Security Act, S. 960, 114th Cong. (2015).
- Puzzanghera, J. (2015, Dec. 31). Advocates push for the U.S. Postal Service to offer basic banking. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-post-office-banking-20160102-story.html
- Republican National Committee. (2016). Republican platform 2016. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://prod-cdn-static.gop.com/media/documents/DRAFT_12_FINAL[1]-ben_1468872234.pdf
- Republican Study Committee. (2017). Securing America’s future economy: FY 2018 budget. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://rsc-walker.house.gov/files/Initiatives/SecuringAmericasFutureEconomyRSCFY2018Budget.pdf
- Restuccia, A., Nussbaum, M., & Ferris, S. (2017, May 22). Trump releases budget hitting his own voters hardest. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/story/2017/05/22/trump-budget-cut-social-programs-238696
- Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2016, S. 3471, 114th Cong. (2016).
- Ruffing, K., & Van De Water, P. (2014). Congress needs to boost disability insurance share of payroll tax by 2016. Washington, D.C.: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/research/congress-needs-to-boost-disability-insurance-share-of-payroll-tax-by-2016
- S.O.S. Act of 2016, H.R. 5747, 114th Cong. (2016).
- Safeguarding American Families and Expanding Social Security Act of 2015, S. 1940, 114th Cong. (2015).
- Sahadi, J. (2014, February 20). Obama drops controversial Social Security proposal. CNN. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/20/news/economy/obama-social-security-chained-cpi/
- Social Security 2100 Act, H.R. 1902, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Social Security 2100 Act, H.R. 5306, 113th Cong. (2014).
- Social Security Administration. (1984). Summary of P.L. 98-21, (H.R. 1900). Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/history/1983amend.html
- Social Security Administration. (2015). Congress Passes H.R. 1314, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/legislation/legis_bulletin_110315.html
- Social Security Administration. (2016a). Estimates of the Financial Effects on Social Security of H.R. 5747, the “S.O.S. Act of 2016.” Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/oact/solvency/RRibble_20160713.pdf
- Social Security Administration. (2016b). Estimates of the Financial Effects on Social Security of H.R. 6489, the “Social Security Reform Act of 2016. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/oact/solvency/SJohnson_20161208.pdf
- Social Security Administration. (2017). Estimates of the Financial Effects on Social Security of H.R. 1902, the “Social Security 2100 Act.” Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/oact/solvency/JLarson_20170405.pdf
- Social Security Board of Trustees. (2017). The 2017 annual report of the board of trustees of the federal old-age and survivors insurance and federal disability insurance trust funds. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/oact/TR/2017/tr2017.pdf
- Social Security Expansion Act, S. 427, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Social Security Reform Act, H.R. 6489, 114th Cong. (2016).
- Stevens, S. (2016, September 22). ICI applauds committee passage of open MEP provision to help small employers offer retirement plans. Washington, D.C.: Investment Company Institute. Retrieved from https://www.ici.org/govaffairs/ret_sec/401k/16_news_mep_retirement
- Tax Policy Center. (2016). What are the largest tax expenditures? Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-are-largest-tax-expenditures
- Tax Policy Center. (2017a). Conference agreement: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; Baseline: Current Law; Distribution of federal tax change by expanded cash income percentile, 2018 ( T17-0312). Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/model-estimates/conference-agreement-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-dec-2017/t17-0312-conference-agreement
- Tax Policy Center. (2017b). How do health savings accounts work? Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-do-health-savings-accounts-hsas-work
- Thompson, J. & Suarez, G.. (2015). Exploring the Racial Wealth Gap Using the Survey of Consumer Finances. Retrieved from Federal Reserve Board: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2015/files/2015076pap.pdf
- Thrift Savings Plan. (2017). Retirement income calculator. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from https://www.tsp.gov/planningtools/retirementcalculator/retirementCalculator.shtml
- Topoleski, J. (2016). Multiemployer Defined Benefit (DB) pension plans: A primer and analysis of policy options ( RL33703). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43305.pdf
- Traub, A., Sullivan, L., Meschede, T. & Shapiro, T. (2017). The Asset Value of Whiteness: Understanding the Racial Wealth Gap. Retrieved from Demos: http://www.demos.org/publication/asset-value-whiteness-understanding-racial-wealth-gap
- Tuchman, M. (2015, May 15). Wall Street spending millions to quash new fiduciary rule. Market Watch. Retrieved from http://www.marketwatch.com/story/wall-street-spending-millions-to-quash-new-fiduciary-rule-2015-05-14
- U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2016) Better information on income replacement rates needed to help workers plan for retirement ( GAO-16-242). Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/675526.pdf
- U.S. Senate Committee on Finance. (2016). Wyden and senate democrats introduce bill to help working families save for retirement. Retrieved from https://www.finance.senate.gov/ranking-members-news/wyden-and-senate-democrats-introduce-bill-to-help-working-families-save-for-retirement-
- Universal Savings Account Act, H.R. 937, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Universal Savings Account Act, S. 232, 115th Cong. (2017).
- Vallas, R., & Valenti, J. (2014). Asset limits are a barrier to economic security and mobility. Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/reports/2014/09/10/96754/asset-limits-are-a-barrier-to-economic-security-and-mobility/
- Volcovici, V. (2017, May 1). Coal miner health benefits deal reached. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2017-05-01/us-congress-secures-health-benefits-for-coal-miners
- Waddell, M. (2017, April 4). Save our savings coalition launches in face of tax reform. ThinkAdvisor. Retrieved from https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2017/04/04/save-our-savings-coalition-launches-in-face-of-tax
- Weigel, D. (2017, March 6). White House Budget Director Mulvaney: I’m getting president to ‘look at’ entitlement reform. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/white-house-budget-director-mulvaney-im-getting-president-to-look-at-entitlement-reform/
- Wolff, E. (2017) Household wealth trends in the United States, 1962 to 2016: Has middle class wealth recovered? (NBER Working Paper No. 24085). Retrieved from National Bureau of Economic Research http://www.nber.org/papers/w24085