Community Reintegration of Previously Incarcerated Older Adults: Exploratory Insights from a Canadian Community Residential Facility Program

References

• [author references omitted for blind review].
   Google Scholar
• Aday, R. H. (2003). Aging prisoners: Crisis in American corrections. Praeger Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Aday, R. H., & Krabill, J. J. (2013). Older and geriatric offenders: Critical issues for the 21st century. In L. Gideon (Ed.), Special needs offenders in correction institutions (pp. 203–232). SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Balfour, G., Hannah-Moffat, K., & Turnbull, S. (2018). Planning for precarity? Experiencing the carceral continuum of imprisonment and reentry. In After imprisonment (Studies in law, politics, and society (Vol. 77, pp. 31–48).
   Google Scholar
• Boucher, N. A., Van Houtven, C. H., & Dawson, W. D. (2020). Older adults post-incarceration: Restructuring long-term services and supports in the time of COVID-19. JAMDA, 22(3), 504–509. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2020). Transitions in care. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50971.html
   Google Scholar
• Colibaba, A. (2019a). Community Reintegration of Aging Offenders (CRAO): Gaps in Knowledge Report. Peterborough: Trent University. www.craoresearch.com
   Google Scholar
• Colibaba, A. (2019b). Community Reintegraqtion of Aging Offenders (CRAO): Pilot Project Report. Peterborough: Trent University. www.craoresearch.com
   Google Scholar
• Correctional Investigator Canada and Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2019). Aging and dying in prison: An investigation into the experiences of older individuals in federal custody. Office of the Correctional Investigator. https://www.oci-bec.gc.ca/cnt/rpt/oth-aut/oth-aut20190228-eng.aspx#wb-tphp
   Google Scholar
• Correctional Service Canada. (2018). Promoting wellness and independence, older persons in CSC custody: A policy framework. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/publications/005007-1601-en.html
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, E. (2004). Release and resettlement: The perspectives of older prisoners. Criminal Justice Matters, 56(1), 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/09627250408552945
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, E., & Sparks, R. (2006). Is there life after imprisonment? How elderly men talk about imprisonment and release. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 6(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895806060667
   Google Scholar
• Dieleman, C. (2014). Mapping community capacity: Identifying existing community assets for supporting people with mental health problems who have been involved with the criminal justice system. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 33(3), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-021
   Google Scholar
• Ethridge, G., Dunlap, P. N., Boston, Q., & Staten, B. H. (2014). Ex-offenders in rural settings seeking employment. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 45(4), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.4.56
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, K. G., & Caro, F. G. (2014). An overview of age-friendly cities and communities around the world. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1–2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2014.860786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth, K., Senior, J., Stevenson, C., O’Hara, K., Hayes, A., Challis, D., & Shaw, J. (2015). ‘They just throw you out’: Release planning for older prisoners. Ageing & Society, 35(9), 2011–2025. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X14000774
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, B., Secker, B., Wagner, F., Rolfe, D., Parke, B., & Mistry, B. (2011). Disability and dignity-enabling home environments. Social Science & Medicine, 74(2), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley, D., & Davidson, J. (2000). A brutal way of learning: Does it have to be? Culture Concepts Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Haney, C. (2003). The psychological impact of incarceration: Implications for post-prison adjustment. In J. Travis (Ed.), Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families and communities. (pp.33–66). Urban Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Hawks, L., Woolhandler, S., & McCormick, D. (2020). COVID-19 in prisons and jails in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(8), 1041–1042. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. J., Burns, A., Turnbull, P., & Shaw, J. J. (2012). The health and social needs of older male prisoners. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(11), 1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. J., Burns, A., Turnbull, P., & Shaw, J. J. (2013). Social and custodial needs of older adults in prison. Age and Ageing, 42(5), 589–593. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, D., & Severson, M. E. (2009). Community reentry and older adult offenders: Redefining social work roles. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52(8), 784–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634370902888618
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iftene, A. (2019). Punished for aging: Vulnerability, rights, and access to justice in Canadian penitentiaries. University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kouyoumdjian, F., Schuler, A., Matheson, F., & Wang, S. (2016). Health status of prisoners in Canada. Canadian Family Physician, 62(3), 215–222. https://www.cfp.ca/content/62/3/215.long.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malakieh, J. (2020). Adult and youth correctional statistics in Canada, 2018/219. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00016-eng.pdf?st=c2xveAJS
   Google Scholar
• Maruschak, L. M., & Minton, T. D. (2020). Correctional populations in the United States, 2017–2018. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus1718.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Maschi, T., Morrissey, M. B., & Leigey, M. (2013). The case for human agency, wellbeing, and community reintegration for people aging in prison: A statewide case analysis. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 19(3), 194–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345813486445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschi, T., Rees, J., & Klein, E. (2016). “Coming out” of prison: An exploratory study of LGBT elders in the criminal justice system. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(9), 1277–1295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1194093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschi, T., Viola, D., & Sun, F. (2012). The high cost of the international aging prisoner crisis: Well-being as the common denominator for action. The Gerontologist, 53(4), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• One City Peterborough. (2020). Reintegration Housing: Haley House. https://www.onecityptbo.ca/haleyhouse
   Google Scholar
• Pacheco, D. (2018, September 30). ‘There isn’t anywhere to go’: Ontario halfway house for aging inmates addressing gap in prison system. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/outintheopen/there-isn-t-anywhere-to-go-ontario-halfway-house-for-aging-inmates-addressing-gap-in-prison-system-1.4838918
   Google Scholar
• Prost, S. G., Novisky, M. A., Rorvig, L., Zaller, N., & Williams, B. (2021). Prisons and COVID-19: A desperate call for gerontological expertise in correctional health care. The Gerontologist, 61(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redmond, N., Aminawung, J. A., Morse, D. S., Zaller, N., Shavit, S., & Wang, E. A. (2020). Perceived discrimination based on criminal record in healthcare settings and self-reported health status among formerly incarcerated individuals. Journal of Urban Health, 97(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00382-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rikard, R. V., & Rosenberg, E. (2007). Aging inmates: A convergence of trends in the American criminal justice system. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 13(3), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345807303001
   Google Scholar
• Russell, E., Skinner, M. W., & Fowler, K. (2019). Emergent challenges and opportunities to sustaining age-friendly initiatives: Qualitative findings from a Canadian age-friendly funding program. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 1, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2019.1636595
   Google Scholar
• Shantz, L. R., & Frigon, S. (2009). Aging, women and health: From the pains of imprisonment to the pains of reintegration. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 5(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449200802692045
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stojkovic, S. (2007). Elderly prisoners: A growing and forgotten group within correctional systems vulnerable to elder abuse. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 19(3–4), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v19n03_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, B., & Abraldes, R. (2007). Growing older: Challenges of prison and reentry for the aging population. In R. Greifinger (Ed.), Public health behind bars: From prisons to communities (pp. 55–72). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, B., Ahalt, C., Cloud, D., Augustine, D., Rorvig, L., & Sears, D. (2020). Correctional facilities in the shadow of COVID-19: Unique challenges and proposed solutions. Health Affairs. www.healthaffairs.org
   Google Scholar
• Willis, M., & Moore, J. -P. (2008). Reintegration of indigenous prisoners. Institute of Criminology, Australian Government. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30686771.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wodahl, E. J. (2006). The challenges of prisoner reentry from a rural perspective. Western Criminology Review, 7(2), 32–47. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.524.1621&rep=rep1&type=pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wyse, J. (2018). Older men’s social integration after prison. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(8), 215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X16683210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorston, G., & Taylor, P. (2006). Commentary: Older offenders – No place to go? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 34(3), 333–337. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Graeme-Yorston-2/publication/6762207_Commentary_Older_offenders_-_No_place_to_go/links/569cbb8a08ae748dfb122cc5/Commentary-Older-offenders-No-place-to-go.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar