The Type A Belief System: Relationships to Hostility, Social Support, and Life Stress

REFERENCES

• Smith , T W . 1989 . “ Interactions, transactions, and the Type A pattern: Additional avenues in the search for coronary-prone behavior. ” . In In Search of Coronary-Prone Behavior: Beyond Type A. Edited by: Siegman , A W and Dembroski , T M . 91 – 116 . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum. .
   Google Scholar
• Price , V A . 1982 . The Type A Behavior Pattern: A Model for Theory and Practice. New York : Academic Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Price , V A . 1988 . “ Research and clinical issues in treating Type A behavior. ” . In Type A Behavior: Research, Theory, and Intervention. Edited by: Houston , B K and Snyder , C R . 275 – 311 . New York : Wiley. .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , C H and Rallof , D. Potential Problematic Aspects of Achievement Striving Associated with Type A Behavior . Paper presented at the annual meeting, Society of Behavioral Medicine . Chicago . April .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , C H , Rallof , D and Watkins , P L . Psychologically Healthy and Unhealthy Type A Individuals . Paper presented at the annual meeting, Society of Behavioral Medicine . Chicago . April .
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , P L , Ward , C H and Southard , D R . 1987 . Empirical support for a Type A belief system . J Psychopathol Behav Assess. , 9 : 119 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , P L , Fisher , E B Jr. , Southard , D R , Ward , C H and Schechtman , K B . 1989 . Assessing the relationship of Type A beliefs to cardiovascular disease risk and psychosocial distress . J Psychopathol Behav Assess. , 11 : 113 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , P L , Carney , R M , Freedland , K E , Delamater , A M and Southard , D R . Cognitive Correlates of Clinically Significant Medical and Psychiatric Disorders . Paper presented at the annual meeting, Society of Behavioral Medicine . Chicago . April .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , C D , Rosenman , R H and Friedman , M. 1967 . Development of an objective psychological test for the determination of the coronary-prone behavior pattern in employed men . J Chronic Dis. , 20 : 371 – 379 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haynes , S G , Levine , S , Scotch , N , Feinleib , M and Kannel , W B . 1978 . The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. I. Methods and risk factors . Am J Epidemiol. , 107 : 362 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenman , R H . 1978 . “ The interview method of assessment of the coronary-prone behavior pattern. ” . In Coronary-Prone Behavior. Edited by: Dembroski , T M , Weiss , S M , Shields , J L , Haynes , S M and Feinleib , M . 55 – 69 . New York : Springer-Verlag. .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , W W and Medley , D M . 1954 . Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI . J Appl Psychol. , 38 : 414 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth-Kewley , S and Friedman , H. 1987 . Psychological predictors of heart disease: A quantitative review . Psychol Bull. , 101 : 342 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , R B and Barefoot , J C . 1988 . “ Coronary-prone behavior: The emerging role of the hostility complex. ” . In Type A Behavior: Research, Theory, and Intervention. Edited by: Houston , B K and Snyder , C R . 189 – 211 . New York : Wiley & Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , T W and Frohm , K D . 1985 . What's so unhealthy about hostility? Construct validity and psychosocial correlates of the Cook and Medley Ho Scale . Health Psychol. , 4 : 503 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa Pt , Zonderman AB , McCrae , R R and Williams , R B Jr. 1986 . Cynicism and paranoid alienation in the Cook and Medley HO Scale . Psychosom Med. , 48 : 283 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillenbaum , G G and Smyer , M A . 1981 . The development, validity and reliability of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire . J Gerontol. , 36 : 428 – 434 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blazer , D G . 1982 . Social support and mortality in an elderly community population . Am J Epidemiol. , 115 : 684 – 694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , S , Kamarck , T and Mermelstein , R. 1983 . A global measurement of perceived stress . J Health Soc Behav. , 24 : 385 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shott , S. 1990 . Statistics for Health Professionals. Philadelphia : W. B. Sanders. .
   Google Scholar
• Barefoot , J C , Dodge , K A , Peterson , B L , Dahlstrom , W G and Williams , R B . 1989 . The Cook-Medley Hostility Scale: Item content and ability to predict survival . Psychosom Med. , 51 : 46 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , J D and Smith , T W . 1988 . Cynical hostility and vulnerability to disease: Social support, life stress, and physiological responses to conflict . Health Psychol. , 7 : 447 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , R B , Haney , T L , Lee , K L , Kong , Y , Blumenthal , J A and Whalen , R E . 1980 . Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis . Psychosom Med. , 42 : 539 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch , D J and Schaffer , K. 1989 . Type A and social support . Behav Med. , 15 : 72 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strube , M J , Berry , J M , Goza , B K and Fennimore , D. 1985 . Type A behavior, age, and psychosocial well-being . J Pers Soc Psychol. , 49 : 203 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell , C M and D'Augelli , A R . 1988 . Social support and human development: Issues in theory, research, and practice . J Com Health. , 13 : 104 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Orth-Gomer , K and Unden , A. 1990 . Type A behavior, social support, and coronary risk: Interaction and significance for mortality in cardiac patients . Psychosom Med. , 52 : 59 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumenthal , J A , Burg , M M , Barefoot , J , Williams , R B , Haney , T and Zimet , G. 1987 . Social support, Type A behavior, and coronary artery disease . Psychosom Med. , 49 : 331 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan , C. 1982 . In a Different Voice. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Greeno , C G and Maccoby , E E . 1986 . How different is the “Different Voice”? . Signs: J Women in Culture and Society. , 11 : 310 – 316 .
   Google Scholar