Psychological Correlates of Perceived Physical Activity Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Previously Active Individuals

References

• US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed August 12, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Wood W. Habit in personality and social psychology. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2017;21(4):389–403. doi:10.1177/1088868317720362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood W, Quinn JM. Habits and the structure of motivation in everyday life. In: Forgas JP, Williams KD, Laham SM, eds. Social Motivation: Conscious and Unconscious Processes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2005:55–70.
   Google Scholar
• Wood W, Tam L, Witt MG. Changing circumstances, disrupting habits. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005;88(6):918–933. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.6.918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JC, Mervosh S, Avila Y, Harvey B, Matthews AL. See how all 50 states are reopening (and closing again). New York Times. 2020; www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/states-reopen-map-coronavirus.html. Accessed August 12, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment rate rises to record high 14.7 percent in April 2020. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2020/unemployment-rate-rises-to-record-high-14-point-7-percent-in-april-2020.htm. Published May 13, 2020. Accessed December 10, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, et al. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583. doi:10.3390/nu12061583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pépin JL, Bruno RM, Yang RY, et al. Wearable activity trackers for monitoring adherence to home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide: data aggregation and analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e19787. doi:10.2196/19787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tison GH, Avram R, Kuhar P, et al. Worldwide effect of COVID-19 on physical activity: a descriptive study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(9):767–770. doi:10.7326/M20-2665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy H, Potts H, Fisher A. Physical activity behaviour before, during, and after COVID-19 restrictions: a longitudinal smartphone tracking study of 5395 UK adults. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e23701. doi:10.2196/23701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoli A, Musumeci G. Elite athletes and COVID-19 lockdown: future health concerns for an entire sector. JFMK. 2020;5(2):30. doi:10.3390/jfmk5020030.
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes RE, Liu S, Lithopoulos A, Zhang CQ, Garcia-Barrera MA. Correlates of perceived physical activity transitions during the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian adults. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2020;12(4):1157–1182. doi:10.1111/aphw.12236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan GE, Avery AR, Seto E, Tsang S. Perceived change in physical activity levels and mental health during COVID-19: findings among adult twin pairs. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior and well-being of Canadians. IJERPH. 2020;17(11):3899. doi:10.3390/ijerph17113899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amireault S, Godin G, Vézina-Im LA. Determinants of physical activity maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Health Psychol Rev. 2013;7(1):55–91. doi:10.1080/17437199.2012.701060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am Psychol. 1982;37(2):122–147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeran P, Maki A, Montanaro E, et al. The impact of changing attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy on health-related intentions and behavior: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 2016;35(11):1178–1188. doi:10.1037/hea0000387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmunds J, Ntoumanis N, Duda JL. A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain. J Appl Social Pyschol. 2006;36(9):2240–2265. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00102.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeran P, Wright CE, Avishai A, et al. Self-determination theory interventions for health behavior change: meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling of randomized controlled trials. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020;88(8):726–737. doi:10.1037/ccp0000501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira PJ, Carraça EV, Markland D, Silva MN, Ryan RM. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:78. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verplanken B, Walker I, Davis A, Jurasek M. Context change and travel mode choice: combining the habit discontinuity and self-activation hypotheses. J Environ Psychol. 2008;28(2):121–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker I, Thomas GO, Verplanken B. Old habits die hard: travel habit formation and decay during an office relocation. Environ Behav. 2015;47(10):1089–1106. doi:10.1177/0013916514549619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriedo A, Cecchini JA, Fernandez-Rio J, Méndez-Giménez A. COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the nationwide lockdown in Spain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(11):1146–1155. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) analysis guide. www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/resources/GPAQ_Analysis_Guide.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 12 August 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong T, Bull F. Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). J Public Health. 2006;14(2):66–70. doi:10.1007/s10389-006-0024-x.
   Google Scholar
• Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markland D, Tobin V. A modification to the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2004;26(2):191–196. doi:10.1123/jsep.26.2.191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroll T, Kehn M, Ho PS, Groah S. The SCI Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES): development and psychometric properties. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007;4(1):34. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spence JC, Rhodes RE, McCurdy A, Mangan A, Hopkins D, Mummery WK. Determinants of physical activity among adults in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: the DUK-COVID study. Br J Health Psychol. 2021;26(2):588–605. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan E, Markland D. Variations in self-determination across the stages of change for exercise in adults. Motiv Emot. 1997;21(4):349–362. doi:10.1023/A:1024436423492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Clarke A, Smith WCS. Physical activity attitudes, intentions and behaviour among 18-25 year olds: a mixed method study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:640. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317–320. doi:10.1177/0020764020915212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar