534
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Reasons for not Using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Mixed-Methods Analyses from a National, Online, Observational Study

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 271-282 | Received 17 Jan 2021, Accepted 12 Jan 2022, Published online: 17 Feb 2022

References

  • Fonner VA, Dalglish SL, Kennedy CE, et al. Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis for all populations. AIDS. 2016;30(12):1973–1983. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001145.
  • Hunt G. New medicine to help end the transmission of HIV. https://www.greghunt.com.au/new-medicine-to-help-end-the-transmission-of-hiv/. 2018. Accessed 12 March, 2019.
  • Grulich AE, Guy R, Amin J, Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities New South Wales (EPIC-NSW) research group, et al. Population-level effectiveness of rapid, targeted, high-coverage roll-out of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men: the EPIC-NSW prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(11):e629–e637. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30215-7.
  • Kirby Institute. HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2020. Sydney, NSW: Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney; 2020.
  • Zablotska IB, Gray R, Whittaker B, et al. The estimated number of potential PrEP users among gay-identifying men who have sex with men in Australia. PloS One. 2018;13(10):e0204138. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204138.
  • Hammoud MA, Vaccher S, Jin F, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay and bisexual men in Australia and factors associated with the nonuse of PrEP among eligible men: results from a prospective cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81(3):e73–e84. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002047.
  • Jin F, Prestage GP, Mao L, et al. Any condomless anal intercourse” is no longer an accurate measure of HIV sexual risk behavior in gay and other men who have sex with men. Frontiers Immun. 2015;6(86):1–7.
  • Wright E, Grulich A, Roy K, et al. Australasian society for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexual health medicine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: clinical guidelines. J Virus Erad. 2018;2018(2):143.
  • MacGibbon J, Lea T, Ellard J, et al. Access to subsidized health care affects HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Results of National Surveys 2013–2019. JAIDS. 2021;86(4):430–435. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002572.
  • Holt M, Lea T, Bear B, et al. Trends in attitudes to and the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by Australian gay and bisexual men, 2011-2017: Implications for further implementation from a diffusion of innovations perspective. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(7):1939–1950. doi:10.1007/s10461-018-2368-y.
  • Girard G, Patten S, LeBlanc MA, Adam BD, Jackson E. Is HIV prevention creating new biosocialities among gay men? Treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis in Canada . Sociol Health Illn. 2019;41(3):484–501. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12826.
  • Kippax S, Stephenson N. Beyond the distinction between biomedical and social dimensions of HIV prevention through the lens of a social public health. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(5):789–799. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300594.
  • Holt M. Configuring the users of new HIV-prevention technologies: the case of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Cult Health Sex. 2015;17(4):428–439. doi:10.1080/13691058.2014.960003.
  • Auerbach JD, Hoppe TA. Beyond “getting drugs into bodies”: social science perspectives on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(4 Suppl 3):19983. doi:10.7448/IAS.18.4.19983.
  • Koester K, Amico RK, Gilmore H, et al. Risk, safety and sex among male PrEP users: time for a new understanding. Cult Health Sex. 2017;19(12):1301–1313. doi:10.1080/13691058.2017.1310927.
  • Young I, Flowers P, McDaid L. Can a pill prevent HIV? Negotiating the biomedicalisation of HIV prevention. Sociol Health Illn. 2016;38(3):411–425. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12372.
  • Haire BG. Preexposure prophylaxis-related stigma: strategies to improve uptake and adherence - a narrative review. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2015;7:241–249. doi:10.2147/HIV.S72419.
  • Cairns GP, Race K, Goicochea P. PrEP: controversy, agency and ownership. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(7(Suppl 6):21120. doi:10.7448/IAS.19.7.21120.
  • Golub SA, Gamarel KE, Surace A. Demographic differences in PrEP-related stereotypes: implications for implementation. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(5):1229–1235. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1129-4.
  • Hannaford A, Lipshie-Williams M, Starrels JL, et al. The use of online posts to identify barriers to and facilitators of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men: a comparison to a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(4):1080–1095. doi:10.1007/s10461-017-2011-3.
  • Holloway IW, Tan D, Gildner JL, et al. Facilitators and barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis willingness among young men who have sex with men who use geosocial networking applications in California. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2017;31(12):517–527. doi:10.1089/apc.2017.0082.
  • Kesler MA, Kaul R, Myers T, et al. Perceived HIV risk, actual sexual HIV risk and willingness to take pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada. AIDS Care. 2016;28(11):1378–1385. doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1178703.
  • Peng P, Su S, Fairley CK, et al. A global estimate of the acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(4):1063–1074. doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1675-z.
  • Thomann M, Grosso A, Zapata R, Chiasson MA. ‘WTF is PrEP?’: attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City . Cult Health Sex. 2018;20(7):772–786. doi:10.1080/13691058.2017.1380230.
  • Yi S, Tuot S, Mwai GW, et al. Awareness and willingness to use HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in low‐and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. JIAS. 2017;20(1):21580. doi:10.7448/IAS.20.1.21580.
  • Philpot S, Prestage G, Holt M, et al. Gay and bisexual men’s Perceptions of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in a context of high accessibility: An Australian qualitative study. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(8):2369–2380. doi:10.1007/s10461-020-02796-3.
  • Holt M, Lee E, Lea T, et al. HIV preexposure prophylaxis cascades to assess implementation in Australia: Results from repeated, national behavioral surveillance of gay and bisexual men, 2014–2018. JIADS. 2020;83(3):e16–e22. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002243.
  • Hammoud MA, Jin F, Degenhardt L, et al. Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) study: implementation and baseline prevalence of drug use in an online cohort study of gay and bisexual men in Australia. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;41:41–50. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.11.012.
  • Bavinton BR, Duncan D, Grierson J, et al. The meaning of ‘Regular Partner’ in HIV research among gay and bisexual men: Implications of an Australian cross-sectional survey. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(8):1777–1784. doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1354-5.
  • Philpot SP, Bavinton BR, Prestage G, et al. Exploring diversity in HIV research in the sexual partnerships of Australian gay and bisexual men. Arch Sex Behav. 2020;49(6):2069–2080. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01540-w.
  • Kippax S, Campbell D, Van de Ven P, et al. Cultures of sexual adventurism as markers of HIV seroconversion: a case control study in a cohort of Sydney gay men. AIDS Care. 1998;10(6):677–688. doi:10.1080/09540129848307.
  • Gale NK, Heath G, Rashid CE, Redwood S. S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Method. 2013;3(1):117.
  • Elsesser SA, Oldenburg CE, Biello KB, et al. Seasons of risk: anticipated behavior on vacation and interest in episodic antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among a large national sample of US men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Behav. 2016;20(7):1400–1407. doi:10.1007/s10461-015-1238-0.
  • Mugo NR, Ngure K, Kiragu M, Irungu E, Kilonzo N. The preexposure prophylaxis revolution; from clinical trials to programmatic implementation. Curr Opin HIV Aids. 2016;11(1):80–86. doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000224.
  • Molina JM, Charreau I, Spire B, ANRS IPERGAY Study Group, et al. Efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behavior of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in men who have sex with men: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2017;4(9):e402–e410.
  • Zimmermann HM, Eekman SW, Achterbergh RC, et al. Amsterdam PrEP Project team in the HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam Consortium (H‐TEAM). Motives for choosing, switching and stopping daily or event‐driven pre‐exposure prophylaxis–a qualitative analysis. JIAS. 2019;22(10):e25389.
  • Australasian Society of HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM). PrEP Guidelines Update: Prevent HIV by Prescribing PrEP. Sydney, 2019.
  • Chan C, Vaccher S, Fraser D, Grulich AE, Holt M, Zablotska-Manos I, Prestage GP, Bavinton BR. Preferences for current and future PrEP modalities among PrEP-experienced gay and bisexual men in Australia. AIDS Behav. 2022;26:88–95.
  • Broady, T., Chan, C., Bavinton, B., Mao, L., Molyneux, A., Delhomme, F., Power, C., Fraser, N., Prestage, G., & Holt, M. (2021). Gay Community Periodic Survey: Sydney 2021. Sydney: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney. doi:http://doi.org/10.26190/nr8p-at84.
  • Ending HIV. PrEP on-demand dosing guide. https://endinghiv.org.au/blog/prep-on-demand-dosing-guide/#. Accessed 30 August, 2021.
  • MacGibbon J, Lea T, Ellard J, et al. Attitudes to Biomedical HIV Prevention among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men: Key Findings from the PrEPARE Project. 2019. Sydney, Australia: Centre for Social Research in Health. UNSW Sydney; 2019.
  • John SA, Rendina HJ, Grov C, Parsons JT. Home-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services for gay and bisexual men: an opportunity to address barriers to PrEP uptake and persistence. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189794. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189794.
  • Charest M, Sharma M, Chris A, et al. Decentralizing PrEP delivery: Implementation and dissemination strategies to increase PrEP uptake among MSM in Toronto, Canada. PloS One. 2021;16(3):e0248626. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248626.
  • Dumit J. Drugs for life. Mol Interv. 2002;2(3):124–127. doi:10.1124/mi.2.3.124.
  • Martin E. The pharmaceutical person. BioSoc. 2006;1(3):273–287. doi:10.1017/S1745855206003012.
  • Race K. Reluctant objects: sexual pleasure as a problem for HIV biomedical prevention. GLQ: J Lesbian Gay Studies. 2016;22(1):1–31. doi:10.1215/10642684-3315217.
  • Duran DT. whores? http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-duran/truvada-whores_b_2113588.html. Accessed 30 August, 2021.
  • Calabrese SK, Underhill K. How stigma surrounding the use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis undermines prevention and pleasure: A call to destigmatize "Truvada Whores". Am J Public Health. 2015;105(10):1960–1964. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302816.
  • Haire B, Murphy D, Maher L, Zablotska-Manos I, Vaccher S, Kaldor J. What does PrEP mean for ‘safe sex’ norms? A qualitative study. Plos One. 2021;16(8):e0255731. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255731.
  • Decorte T, Malm A, Sznitman SR, et al. The challenges and benefits of analyzing feedback comments in surveys: Lessons from a cross-national online survey of small-scale cannabis growers. Method Innov. 2019;12(1):1–16.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.