Predictors of Anxiety Before and After Diagnostic Procedures in Women with Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear in Cervical Cancer Screening Program

References

• International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Vol. XI (electronic version). https://ci5.iarc.fr. Published September, 2021. Accessed September 20, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ilic M, Ilic I. Cancer mortality in Serbia, 1991–2015: an age-period-cohort and joinpoint regression analysis. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2018;38(1):10. doi:10.1186/s40880-018-0282-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perisic Z, Plesinac-Karapandzic V, Dzinic M, Zamurovic M, Perisic N. Cervical cancer screening in Serbia. VSP. 2013;70(1):86–89. doi:10.2298/VSP1301086P.
   Google Scholar
• Kesic V, Poljak M, Rogovskaya S. Cervical cancer burden and prevention activities in Europe. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(9):1423–1433. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markovic M, Kesic V, Topic L, Matejic B. Barriers to cervical cancer screening: a qualitative study with women in Serbia. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(12):2528–2535. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of the Republic of Serbia. Regulation for the National programme for early detection of cervical cancer. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, no. 73/2013. https://www.skriningsrbija.rs/files/File/English/REGULATION_ON_THE_NATIONAL_PROGRAM_FOR_EARLY_DETECTION_OF_CERVICAL_CANCER.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The National Health Service. Cervical Screening Programme, England – Statistics for 2019-20. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/cervical-screening-annual/england–-2019-20. Published November 26, 2020. Accessed September 20, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Habbema D, Weinmann S, Arbyn M, et al. Harms of cervical cancer screening in the United States and the Netherlands. Int J Cancer. 2017;140(5):1215–1222. doi:10.1002/ijc.30524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitkopf CR, Dawson L, Grady JJ, Breitkopf DM, Nelson-Becker C, Snyder RR. Intervention to improve follow-up for abnormal Papanicolaou tests: a randomized clinical trial. Health Psychol. 2014;33(4):307–316. doi:10.1037/a0032722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller SM, Tagai EK, Wen KY, et al. Predictors of adherence to follow-up recommendations after an abnormal Pap smear among underserved inner-city women. Patient Educ Couns. 2017;100(7):1353–1359. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.01.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsonego J, Cortes J, da Silva DP, Jorge AF, Klein P. Psychological impact, support and information needs for women with an abnormal Pap smear: comparative results of a questionnaire in three European countries. BMC Womens Health. 2011;11:18. doi:10.1186/1472-6874-11-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp L, Cotton S, Little J, TOMBOLA Group, et al. Psychosocial impact of alternative management policies for low-grade cervical abnormalities: results from the TOMBOLA randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e80092. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drolet M, Brisson M, Maunsell E, et al. The psychosocial impact of an abnormal cervical smear result. Psychooncology. 2012;21(10):1071–1081. doi:10.1002/pon.2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirowsky J, Ross CE. Measurement for a human science. J Health Soc Behav. 2002;43(2):152–170. doi:10.2307/3090194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavikainen J, Lahtinen E, Lehtinen V. Public Health Approach on Mental Health in Europe. National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, STAKES. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; 1998. https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/1998/promotion/fp_promotion_1998_frep_11_.c_en.pdf. Published 1998. Accessed April 2, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Bekkers RL, van der Donck M, Klaver FM, van Minnen A, Massuger LF. Variables influencing anxiety of patients with abnormal cervical smears referred for colposcopy. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;23(4):257–261. doi:10.3109/01674820209074680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahseen S, Reid PC. Psychological distress associated with colposcopy: patient’s perceptions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;139(1):90–94. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor M, Gallagher P, Waller J, Martin CM, O’Leary JJ, Sharp L, Irish Cervical Screening Research Consortium (CERVIVA). Adverse psychological outcomes following colposcopy and related procedures: a systematic review. BJOG. 2016;123(1):24–38. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbell S, Hagger M, Brown V, Tidy J. Appraisal theory andemotional sequelae of first visit to colposcopy following anabnormal cervical screening result. Br J Health Psychol. 2004;9(Pt 4):533–555. doi:10.1348/1359107042304560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korfage IJ, Essink-Bot ML, Westenberg SM, Helmerhorst T, Habbema JD, van Ballegooijen M. How distressing is referral tocolposcopy in cervical cancer screening? A prospective quality of lifestudy. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;132(1):142–148. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinonen A, Tapper AM, Leminen A, Sintonen H, Roine RP. Health-related quality of life and perception of anxiety in women with abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;169(2):387–391. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.03.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagendiram A, Bougher H, Banks J, Hall L, Heal C. Australian women’s self-perceived barriers to participation in cervical cancer screening: A systematic review. Health Promot J Austr. 2020;31(3):343–353. doi:10.1002/hpja.280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua B, Ma V, Asjes C, Lim A, Mohseni M, Wee HL. Barriers to and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women in Southeast Asia: a systematic review. IJERPH. 2021;18(9):4586. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kola S, Walsh JC. Determinants of preprocedural state anxiety and negative affect in first-time colposcopy patients: implications for intervention. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2012;21(4):469–476. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2011.01317.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell S, Porter M, Kitchener H, Fraser C, Fisher P, Mann E. Psychological response to cervical screening. Prev Med. 1995;24(6):610–616. doi:10.1006/pmed.1995.1096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui SK, Miller SM, Wen KY, et al. Psychosocial barriers to follow-up adherence after an abnormal cervical cytology test result among low-income, inner-city women. J Prim Care Community Health. 2014;5(4):234–241. doi:10.1177/2150131914529307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361–370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn E, Basen-Engquist K, Le T, et al. Distress after an abnormal Pap smear result: scale development and psychometric validation. Prev Med. 2004;39(2):404–412. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measurement. 1977;1(3):385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothnie K, Cotton SC, Fielding S, et al. TOMBOLA Group. Measuring the psychosocial burden in women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology in the TOMBOLA trial: psychometric properties of the Process and Outcome Specific Measure (POSM). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:154. doi:10.1186/s12955-014-0154-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilic I, Babic G, Dimitrijevic A, Ilic M, Sipetic Grujicic S. Reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale in Serbian women with abnormal Papanicolaou smear results. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2019;29(6):996–1002. doi:10.1136/ijgc-2019-000219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilic I, Babic G, Dimitrijevic A, Ilic M, Sipetic Grujicic S. Psychological distress among women with abnormal pap smear results in Serbia: validity and reliability of the cervical dysplasia distress questionnaire. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):e0218070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilic I, Babic G, Dimitrijevic A, Ilic M, Sipetic Grujicic S. Internal consistency and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in women with abnormal Pap smear in Serbia. Women Health. 2021;61(4):363–371. doi:10.1080/03630242.2021.1893244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilic I. Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Women with Positive Papanicolaou Screening Test before and after Diagnostic Procedures [PhD thesis]. Kragujevac, Serbia: University of Kragujevac; 2019. https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/12014?show=full&locale-attribute=sr_RS. Published in December 2019. Accessed April 2, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• De Bie RP, Massuger LF, Lenselink CH, Derksen YH, Prins JB, Bekkers RL. The role of individually targeted information to reduce anxiety before colposcopy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2011;118(8):945–950. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02996.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp L, Cotton S, Gray N, TOMBOLA Group, et al. Long-term psychosocial impact of alternative management policies in women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(2):255–264. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6606042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerachotechueantaveechai T, Charoenkwan K, Wongpaka N. Prevalence and predicting factors for anxiety in Thai women with abnormal cervical cytology undergoing colposcopy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(4):1427–1430. doi:10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.4.1427.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ketelaars PJW, Buskes MHM, Bosgraaf RP, et al. The effect of video information on anxiety levels in women attending colposcopy: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Oncol. 2017;56(12):1728–1733. doi:10.1080/0284186X.2017.1355108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovic V, Jovanovic M, Zivanovic A, Kocic A, Vasiljevic S, Krasic M. V. Knowledge about cervical cancer, Pap test, and barriers to women’s participation in screening in Belgrade, Serbia. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2017;38(1):69–75. doi:10.12892/ejgo3286.2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirubarajan A, Leung S, Li X, Yau M, Sobel M. Barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening among adolescents and young people: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):122. doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01264-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan YM, Lee PW, Ng TY, Ngan HY. Could precolposcopy information and counseling reduce women’s anxiety and improve knowledge and compliance to follow-up? Gynecol Oncol. 2004;95(2):341–346. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellsten C, Sjöström K, Lindqvist PG. A prospective Swedish cohort study on psychosocial factors influencing anxiety in women referred for colposcopy. BJOG. 2007;114(1):32–38. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01161.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosgraaf RP, de Jager WC, Servaes P, Prins JB, Massuger LF, Bekkers RL. Qualitative insights into the psychological stress before and during colposcopy: a focus group study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;34(4):150–156. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2013.849688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handelzalts JE, Krissi H, Levy S, Broitman M, Binyamin L, Peled Y. Multidimensional associations of pain and anxiety before and after colposcopy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(3):297–300. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.05.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent LS, Tamlyn-Leaman K, Isa N, Reardon E, Crumley J. Anxiety and the colposcopy experience. Clin Nurs Res. 1993;2(3):267–277. doi:10.1177/105477389300200304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Connor M, Waller J, Gallagher P, Irish Screening Research Consortium (CERVIVA), et al. Understanding women’s differing experiences of distress after colposcopy: a qualitative interview study. Womens Health Issues. 2015;25(5):528–534. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.05.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson C, Jones JM, McBride J. Anxiety caused by abnormal result of cervical smear test: a controlled trial. BMJ. 1990;300(6722):440. doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6722.440.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beresford JM, Gervaize PA. The emotional impact of abnormal Pap smears on patients referred for colposcopy. J Gynecol Surg. 1986;2(2):83–87. doi:10.1089/gyn.1986.2.83.
   Google Scholar
• Cotton SC, Sharp L, Little J, TOMBOLA Group, et al. A normal colposcopy examination fails to provide psychological reassurance for women who have had low-grade abnormal cervical cytology. Cytopathology. 2015;26(3):178–187. doi:10.1111/cyt.12173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiersma ES, van der Lee ML, Peters AA, et al. Psychosocial factors and the grade of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: a semi-prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92(2):603–610. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.10.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marteau TM, Walker P, Giles J, Smail M. Anxieties in women undergoing colposcopy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97(9):859–861. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02586.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray NM, Sharp L, Cotton SC, TOMBOLA group, et al. Psychological effects of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear test result: anxiety and associated factors. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(9):1253–1262. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor M, O’Leary E, Waller J, Irish Cervical Screening Research Consortium (CERVIVA, et al. Trends in, and predictors of, anxiety and specific worries following colposcopy: a 12-month longitudinal study. Psychooncology. 2016;25(5):597–604. doi:10.1002/pon.3980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aljassim N, Ostini R. Health literacy in rural and urban populations: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;103(10):2142–2154. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2020.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks SE, Gordon NJ, Keller SJ, Thomas SK, Chen TT, Moses G. Association of knowledge, anxiety, and fear with adherence to follow up for colposcopy. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2002;6(1):17–22. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0976.2002.61004.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markovic-Denic L, Djuric O, Maksimovic N, Popovac S, Kesic V. Effects of human papillomavirus awareness and knowledge on psychological state of women referred to cervical cancer screening. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2018;22(3):178–183. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar