507
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Health, Economic, and Social Disparities among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Sexually Diverse Adults: Results from a Population-Based Study

, , &
Pages 141-152 | Received 27 Dec 2021, Accepted 28 Nov 2022, Published online: 02 Feb 2023

References

  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Barkan SE, Muraco A, Hoy-Ellis CP. Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: results from a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(10):1802–1809. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301110.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Simoni JM, Kim H-J, et al. The health equity promotion model: reconceptualization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health disparities. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2014;84(6):653–663. doi:10.1037/ort0000030.
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Disparities, Healthy People 2020. 2008. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities#:∼:text=Healthy%20People%202020%20defines%20a,%2C%20and%2For%20environmental%20disadvantage. Accessed January 12, 2021.
  • Gonzales G, Przedworski J, Henning-Smith C. Comparison of health and health risk factors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults and heterosexual adults in the United States: Results from the National Health Interview Survey. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(9):1344–1351. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3432.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Shui C, Bryan AEB. Chronic health conditions and key health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older US adults, 2013–2014. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(8):1332–1338. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922.
  • National Conference of State Legislatures. Health Disparities Overview. 2020. https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/health-disparities-overview.aspx. Accessed January 12, 2021.
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Disparities, Healthy People 2030. n.d. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health. Accessed April 6, 2022.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Bryan AE, Shiu C, Emlet CA. The cascading effects of marginalization and pathways of resilience in attaining good health among LGBT older adults. Gerontologist. 2017;57(suppl 1):S72–S83. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw170.
  • Goldsen J, Bryan AE, Kim HJ, Muraco A, Jen S, Fredriksen-Goldsen KI. Who says I do: The changing context of marriage and health and quality of life for LGBT older adults. GERONT. 2017;57(suppl 1):S50–S62. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw174.
  • Romanelli M, Hudson KD. Individual and systemic barriers to health care: perspectives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87(6):714–728. doi:10.1037/ort0000306.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Barkan SE, Balsam KF, Mincer SL. Disparities in health-related quality of life: a comparison of lesbians and bisexual women. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2255–2261. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.177329.
  • Goldberg SK, Rothblum ED, Russell ST, Meyer IH. Exploring the Q in LGBTQ: demographic characteristic and sexuality of queer people in a US representative sample of sexual minorities. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2020;7(1):101–112. doi:10.1037/sgd0000359.
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI + Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2020.
  • Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Romanelli M, Hoy-Ellis CP, Jung H. Health, economic and social disparities among transgender women, transgender men and transgender nonbinary adults: results from a population-based study. Prev Med. 2022;156:106988. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106988.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The BRFSS Data User Guide. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services. 2013.
  • Lee KJ, Carlin JB. Multiple imputation for missing data: fully conditional specification versus multivariate normal imputation. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(5):624–632. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp425.
  • Stata 16 Base Reference Manual. College Station, TX: Stata Press; 2019.
  • Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. [computer program]. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2019.
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Social Determinants of Health, Healthy People 2030. 2020. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health. Accessed January 13, 2021.
  • Nguyen KH, Trivedi AN, Shireman TI. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults report continued problems affording care despite coverage gains. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018;37(8):1306–1312. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0281.
  • Tabaac AR, Solazzo AL, Gordon AR, Austin SB, Guss C, Charlton BM. Sexual orientation-related disparities in healthcare access in three cohorts of US adults. Prev Med. 2020;132:105999. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105999.
  • Blosnich JR. Sexual orientation differences in satisfaction with healthcare: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014. LGBT Health. 2017;4(3):227–231. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0127.
  • Bolnick HJ, Bui AL, Bulchis A, et al. Health-care spending attributable to modifiable risk factors in the USA: an economic attribution analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(10):e525–e535. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30203-6.
  • Gordon AR, Fish JN, Kiekens WJ, Lightfoot M, Frost DM, Russell ST. Cigarette smoking and minority stress across age cohorts in a national sample of sexual minorities: results from the fenerations study. Ann Behav Med. 2021;55(6):530–542. doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa079.
  • Petruzzella A, Feinstein BA, Davila J, Lavner JA. Gay-specific and general stressors predict gay men’s psychological functioning over time. Arch Sex Behav. 2020;49(5):1755–1767. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01672-4.
  • Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML, Rendina HJ, Safren SA, Parsons JT. LGB-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: a randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015;83(5):875–889. doi:10.1037/ccp0000037.
  • Lunn MR, Cui W, Zack MM, Thompson WW, Blank MB, Yehia BR. Sociodemographic characteristics and health outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual US adults using Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators. LGBT Health. 2017;4(4):283–294. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2016.0087.
  • Friedman MR, Dodge B, Schick V, et al. From bias to bisexual health disparities: attitudes toward bisexual men and women in the United States. LGBT Health. 2014;1(4):309–318. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2014.0005.
  • Balsam KF, Molina Y, Beadnell B, Simoni J, Walters K. Measuring multiple minority stress: the LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011;17(2):163–174. doi:10.1037/a0023244.
  • Mereish EH, Katz-Wise SL, Woulfe J. Bisexual-specific minority stressors, psychological distress, and suicidality in bisexual individuals: The mediating role of loneliness. Prev Sci. 2017;18(6):716–725. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0804-2.
  • Gaudet MM, Gapstur SM, Sun J, Diver WR, Hannan LM, Thun MJ. Active smoking and breast cancer risk: original cohort data and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(8):515–525. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt023.
  • Scoccianti C, Lauby-Secretan B, Bello PY, Chajes V, Romieu I. Female breast cancer and alcohol consumption: a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46(3 Suppl 1):S16–S25. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031.
  • Hart SL, Bowen DJ. Sexual orientation and intentions to obtain breast cancer screening. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(2):177–185. doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0447.
  • Klawitter M. Meta‐analysis of the effects of sexual orientation on earnings. Ind Relat. 2015;54(1):4–32. doi:10.1111/irel.12075.
  • Baker KC, Durso LE, Cray A. Moving the Needle: The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on LGBT Communities. Center for American Progress. November 17, 2014. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/moving-the-needle/. Accessed March 30, 2021.
  • Macapagal K, Bhatia R, Greene GJ. Differences in healthcare access, use, and experiences within a community sample of racially diverse lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning emerging adults. LGBT Health. 2016;3(6):434–442. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2015.0124.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.