Distinct signaling pathways confer different vascular responses to VEGF 121 and VEGF 165

References

• Bates DO, Harper SJ. Regulation of vascular permeability by vascular endothelial growth factors. Vasc Pharmacol 2002; 39: 225–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braverman IM, Sibley J. Role of the microcirculation in the treatment and pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 1982; 78: 12–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Wiesmann C, Fuh G, Li B, Christinger HW, McKay P, de Vos AM, Lowman HB. Selection and analysis of an optimized anti-VEGF antibody: crystal structure of an affinity-matured Fab in complex with antigen. J Mol Biol 1999; 293: 865–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliceiri BP, Paul R, Schwartzberg PL, Hood JD, Leng J, Cheresh DA. Selective requirement for Src kinases during VEGF-induced angiogensis and vascular permeability. Mol Cell 1999; 4: 915–924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliceiri BP, Puente XS, Hood JD, Stupack DG, Schlaepfer DD, Huang XZ, Sheppard D, Cheresh DA. Src-mediated coupling of focal adhesion kinase to integrin alpha(v)beta5 in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. J Cell Biol 2002; 157: 149–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003; 9: 669–676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavard J, Gutkind JS. VEGF controls endothelial-cell permeability by promoting the beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of VE-cadherin. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8: 1223–1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunstein J, Masbad JJ, Hickey R, Giordano F, Johnson RS. Isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor act in a coordinate fashion to recruit and expand tumor vasculature. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 7282–7291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilan N, Mahooti S, Madri JA. Distinct signal transduction pathways are utilized during the tube formation and survival phases of in vitro angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 1998; 111(Pt 24)3621–3631
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Issbrucker K, Marti HH, Hippenstiel S, Springmann G, Voswinckel R, Gaumann A, Breier G, Drexler HC, Suttorp N, Clauss M. p38 MAP kinase–a molecular switch between VEGF-induced angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability. FASEB J 2003; 17: 262–264
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keyt BA, Berleau LT, Nguyen HV, Chen H, Heinsohn H, Vandlen R, Ferrara N. The carboxyl-terminal domain (111–165) of vascular endothelial growth factor is critical for its mitogenic potency. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 7788–7795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilic E, Kilic U, Wang Y, Bassetti CL, Marti HH, Hermann DM. The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway mediates VEGF's neuroprotective activity and induces blood brain barrier permeability after focal cerebral ischemia. FASEB J 2006; 20: 1185–1187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küsters B, de Waal RM, Wesseling P, Verrijp K, Maass C, Heerschap A, Barentsz JO, Sweep F, Ruiter DJ, Leenders WP. Differential effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms in a mouse brain metastasis model of human melanoma. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 5408–5413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, Poltorak Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J 1999; 13: 9–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J, Claesson-Welsh L. VEGF receptor signalling-in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7: 359–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruckman J, Green LS, Beeson J, Waugh S, Gillette WL, Henninger DD, Claesson-Welsh L, Janjic N. 2′-fluoropyrimidine RNA-based aptamers to the 165-amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165). Inhibition of receptor binding and VEGF-induced vascular permeability through interactions requiring the exon 7-encoded domain. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 20556–20567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhrberg C, Gerhardt H, Golding M, Watson R, Ioannidou S, Fujisawa H, Betsholtz C, Shima DT. Spatially restricted patterning cues provided by heparin-binding VEGF-A control blood vessel branching morphogenesis. Genes Dev 2002; 16: 2684–2698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Shibuya M. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor system and its role under physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci 2005; 109: 227–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi T, Yamaguchi S, Chida K, Shibuya M. A single autophosphorylation site on KDR/Flk-1 is essential for VEGF-A-dependent activation of PLC-gamma and DNA synthesis in vascular endothelial cells. EMBO J 2001; 20: 2768–2778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weis S, Shintani S, Weber A, Kirchmair R, Wood M, Cravens A, McSharry H, Iwakura A, Yoon YS, Himes N, et al. Src blockade stabilizes a Flk/cadherin complex, reducing edema and tissue injury following myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 885–894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker GB, Limberg BJ, Rosenbaum JS. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and neuropilin-1 form a receptor complex that is responsible for the differential signaling potency of VEGF165 and VEGF121. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 25520–25531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia P, Aiello LP, Ishii H, Jiang ZY, Park DJ, Robinson GS, Takagi H, Newsome WP, Jirousek MR, King GL. Characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor's effect on the activation of protein kinase C, its Isoform, and endothelial cell growth. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 2018–2026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu JL, Rak JW, Klement G, Kerbel RS. Vascular endothelial growth factor isoform expression as a determinant of blood vessel patterning in human melanoma xenografts. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 1838–1846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachary I. VEGF signalling: integration and multi-tasking in endothelial cell biology. Biochem Soc Trans 2003; 31(Pt 6)1171–1177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang HT, Scott PA, Morbidelli L, Peak S, Moore J, Turley H, Harris AL, Ziche M, Bicknell R. The 121 amino acid isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor is more strongly tumorigenic than other splice variants in vivo. Br J Cancer 2000; 83: 63–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Matsuo H, Morita E. Vascular endothelial growth factor 121 is the predominant isoform in psoriatic scales. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14: 758–764
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Matsuo H, Morita E. Increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor in the lesions of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 297: 425–429
   Google Scholar