797
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Reinforcing collectiveness in entrepreneurial interactions within start-up teams: a multiple-case study

, &
Pages 683-709 | Received 18 Mar 2016, Accepted 27 Nov 2018, Published online: 10 Dec 2018

References

  • Alvarez, S. A., and J. B. Barney. 2007. “Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1 (1–2): 11–26. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1932-443X.
  • Alvesson, M., and D. Kärreman. 2006. “Professional Service Firms as Collectivities: A Cultural and Processual View.” Research in the Sociology of Organization 24: 203–230.
  • Amason, A. C. 1996. “Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams.” The Academy of Management Journal 39 (1): 123–148.
  • Bäckman, O., and K. Nelson. 2017. “The Egalitarian Paradise?” In The Routledge Handbook of Scandinavian Politics, edited by P Nedergaard and A Wivel, 25–35. London: Routledge.
  • Bandura, A. 2000. “Exercise of Human Agency through Collective Efficacy.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (3): 75–78. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00064.
  • Barry, B., and J. M. Crant. 2000. “Dyadic Communication Relationships in Organizations: An Attribution/Expectancy Approach.” Organization Science 11 (6): 648–664. doi:10.1287/orsc.11.6.648.12537.
  • Ben-Hafaiedh, C. 2017. “Entrepreneurial Team Research in Movement.” In Research Handbook on Entrepreneurial Teams, edited by C. Ben-Hafaiedh and T. M. Cooney, 11–44. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • Ben-Hafaiedh, C., and T. M. Cooney. 2017. Research Handbook on Entrepreneurial Teams. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • Bennis, W. G., and P. W. Biederman. 1998. Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration. New York: Basic Books.
  • Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann. 1966. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in Sociology of Knowledge. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Blatt, R. 2009. “Tough Love: How Communal Schemas and Contracting Practices Build Relational Capital in Entrepreneurial Teams.” Academy of Management Review 34: 533–551. doi:10.5465/amr.2009.40633298.
  • Breugst, N., H. Patzelt, and P. Rathgeber. 2015. “How Should We Divide the Pie? Equity Distribution and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Teams.” Journal of Business Venturing 30: 66–94. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.006.
  • Burns, T., and G. M. Stalker. 1961. The Management of Innovation. London: Tavistock Publications.
  • Carland, J. C., and J. W. Carland. 2012. “A Model of Shared Entrepreneurial Leadership.” Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 18: 71–81.
  • Carland, J. W., F. Hoy, W. R. Boulton, and J. A. C. Carland. 1984. “Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners: A Conceptualization.” Academy of Management Review 9: 354–359. doi:10.5465/amr.1984.4277721.
  • Carson, J. B., P. E. Tesluk, and J. A. Marrone. 2007. “Shared Leadership in Teams: An Investigation of Antecedent Conditions and Performance.” Academy Management Journal 50 (5): 1217–1234.
  • Chowdhury, S. 2005. “Demographic Diversity for Building an Effective Entrepreneurial Team: Is It Important?” Journal of Business Venturing 20: 727–746. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.07.001.
  • Clarysse, B., and N. Moray. 2004. “A Process Study of Entrepreneurial Team Formation: The Case of A Research-Based Spin-Off.” Journal of Business Venturing 19: 55–79. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00113-1.
  • Cohen, S. G., and D. E. Bailey. 1997. “What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite.” Journal of Management 23: 239–290.
  • Comeche, J. M., and J. Loras. 2010. “The Influence of Variables of Attitude on Collective Entrepreneurship.” International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 6: 23–38. doi:10.1007/s11365-009-0131-6.
  • Cooney, T. M. 2005. “Editorial: What Is an Entrepreneurial Team?” International Small Business Journal 23: 226–235. doi:10.1177/0266242605052131.
  • Cooney, T. M. 2009. “Entrepreneurial Teams: Comparing High-Growth Software Firms through Structure and Strategy.” Management Research News 32: 580–591. doi:10.1108/01409170910963000.
  • Corley, K. G., and D. A. Gioia. 2011. “Building Theory about Theory Building: What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution?” Academy of Management Review 36: 12–32. doi:10.5465/amr.2009.0486.
  • de Mol, E., S. N. Khapova, and T. Elfrin. 2015. “Entrepreneurial Team Cognition: A Review.” International Journal of Management Reviews 17 (2): 232–255. doi:10.1111/ijmr.2015.17.issue-2.
  • Dos Santos, R., and M. Spann. 2011. “Collective Entrepreneurship at Qualcomm: Combining Collective and Entrepreneurial Practices to Turn Employee Ideas into Action.” R&D Management 41: 443–456. doi:10.1111/radm.2011.41.issue-5.
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989a. “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” Academy of Management Review 14: 532–550. doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4308385.
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989b. “Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High Velocity Environments.” Academy of Management Journal 32 (3): 543–576.
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. 2013. “Top Management Teams and Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms.” Small Business Economics 40 (4): 805–816. doi:10.1007/s11187-013-9473-0.
  • Eisenhardt, K. M., and M. E. Graebner. 2007. “Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges.” Academy of Management Journal 50: 25–32. doi:10.5465/amj.2007.24160888.
  • Elsbach, K. D., D. M. Cable, and J. W. Sherman. 2010. “How Passive ‘Face Time’ Affects Perceptions of Employees: Evidence of Spontaneous Trait Inference.” Human Relations 63 (6): 735–760. doi:10.1177/0018726709353139.
  • Ensley, M. D., A. Pearson, and C. L. Pearce. 2003. “Top Management Team Process, Shared Leadership, and New Venture Performance: A Theoretical Model and Research Agenda.” Human Resource Management Review 13: 329–346. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00020-2.
  • Ensley, M. D., and C. L. Pearce. 2001. “Shared Cognition in Top Management Teams: Implications for New Venture Performance.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 22: 145–160. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379.
  • Ensley, M. D., J. C. Carland, and J. W. Carland. 2000. “Investigating the Existence of the Lead Entrepreneur.” Journal of Small Business Management 38 (4): 59–77.
  • Ensley, M. D., and K. M. Hmieleski. 2005. “A Comparative Study of New Venture Top Management Team Composition, Dynamics and Performance between University-Based and Independent Start-Ups.” Research Policy 34: 1091–1105. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.008.
  • Ensley, M. D., K. M. Hmieleski, and C. L. Pearce. 2006. “The Importance of Vertical and Shared Leadership within New Venture Top Management Teams: Implications for the Performance of Startups.” The Leadership Quarterly 17: 217–231. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.002.
  • Feldman, M. S. 2004. “Resources in Emerging Structures and Processes of Change.” Organization Science 15 (3): 295–309. doi:10.1287/orsc.1040.0073.
  • Fletcher, D. E. 2011. “A Curiosity for Contexts: Entrepreneurship, Enactive Research, and Autoethnography.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23 (1–2): 65–76. doi:10.1080/08985626.2011.540414.
  • Flyvbjerg, B. 2006. “Five Misunderstandings about Case-Study Research.” Qualitative Inquiry 12 (2): 219–245. doi:10.1177/1077800405284363.
  • Forbes, D. P., P. S. Borchert, M. E. Zellmer-Bruhn, and H. J. Sapienza. 2006. “Entrepreneurial Team Formation: An Exploration of New Member Addition.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 30: 225–248. doi:10.1111/etap.2006.30.issue-2.
  • Forsström-Tuominen, H., I. Jussila, and J. Kolhinen. 2015. “Business School Students’ Social Construction of Entrepreneurship: Claiming Space for Collective Entrepreneurship Discourses.” Scandinavian Journal of Management 31 (1): 102–120. doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2014.08.001.
  • Foss, N. J., P. G. Klein, Y. Kor, and J. T. Mahoney. 2008. “Entrepreneurship, Subjectivism, and the Resource-Based View: Towards a New Synthesis.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2 (1): 73–94. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1932-443X.
  • Francis, D. H., and W. R. Sandberg. 2000. “Friendship within Entrepreneurial Teams and Its Association with Team and Venture Performance.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25 (2): 5–25. doi:10.1177/104225870002500201.
  • Gartner, W. B. 1985. “A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation.” Academy of Management Review 10 (4): 696–706. doi: 10.2307/258039.
  • Gartner, W. B., K. G. Shaver, E. Gatewood, and J. A. Katz. 1994. “Finding the Entrepreneur in Entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 (3): 5–9. doi:10.1177/104225879401800301.
  • Giddens, A. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Gioia, D. A., K. G. Corley, and A. L. Hamilton. 2013. “Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology.” Organizational Research Methods 16 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1177/1094428112452151.
  • Giorgi, A. 2009. The Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology: A Modified Husserlian Approach. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
  • Hambrick, D. C., and E. Abrahamson. 1995. “Assessing Managerial Discretion across Industries: A Multimethod Approach.” Academy of Management Journal 38: 1427–1441.
  • Harper, D. A. 2008. “Towards a Theory of Entrepreneurial Teams.” Journal of Business Venturing 23: 613–626. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.002.
  • Harré, R. 1986. The Social Construction of Emotions. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hatch, M. J. 1997. Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic, and Postmodern Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hofstede, G. J. 1991. “Cultures and Organizations:Software of the Mind.“ London: McGraw-Hill.
  • Howard-Grenville, J. A. 2005. “The Persistence of Flexible Organizational Routines: The Role of Agency and Organizational Context.” Organization Science 16 (6): 618–636. doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0150.
  • Jack, S. L., and A. R. Anderson. 2002. “The Effects of Embeddedness on the Entrepreneurial Process.” Journal of Business Venturing 17: 467–487. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00076-3.
  • Janis, I. L. 1982. Groupthink2nd Ed. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
  • Johannisson, B. 2004. “Entrepreneurship in Scandinavia: Bridging Individualism and Collectivism.” In Crossroads of Entrepreneurship. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, edited by G. Corbetta, M. Huse, and D. Ravasi, 225–241. New York: Springer.
  • Kamm, J. B., and A. J. Nurick. 1993. “The Stages of Team Venture Formation: A Decision-Making Model.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 17 (2): 17–27. doi:10.1177/104225879301700202.
  • Kamm, J. B., J. C. Shuman, J. A. Seeger, and A. J. Nurick. 1990. “Entrepreneurial Teams in New Venture Creation: A Research Agenda.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 (4): 7–17. doi:10.1177/104225879001400403.
  • Karataş-Özkan, M. 2011. “Understanding Relational Qualities of Entrepreneurial Learning: Towards a Multi-Layered Approach.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23 (9/10): 877–906. doi:10.1080/08985626.2011.577817.
  • Klein, P. G. 2008. “Opportunity Discovery, Entrepreneurial Action, and Economic Organization.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2 (3): 175–190. doi:10.1002/sej.v2:3.
  • Klimoski, R., and S. Mohammed. 1994. “Team Mental Model: Construct or Metaphor?” Journal of Management 20: 403–437.
  • Klotz, Anthony C., Keith M. Hmieleski, Bret H. Bradley, and Lowell W. Busenitz. “New Venture Teams: A Review of the Literature and Roadmap for Future Research.” Journal of Management 40, no. 1 (January 2014): 226–55. doi:10.1177/0149206313493325.
  • Kvale, S., and S. Brinkmann. 2009. Interviews (2nd Edition): Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Lechler, T. 2001. “Social Interaction: A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Success.” Small Business Economics 16: 263–278. doi:10.1023/A:1011167519304.
  • Leflaive, X. 1996. “Organizations as Structures of Domination.” Organization Studies 17 (1): 23–47. doi:10.1177/017084069601700102.
  • Legard, R., J. Keegan, and K. Ward. 2003. “In-Depth Interviews.” In Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, edited by J. Ritchie and J. Lewis, 139–169. London: Sage Publications.
  • Lewis, T. 2011. “Assessing Social Identity and Collective Efficacy as Theories of Group Motivation at Work.” International Journal of Human Resource Management 22 (4): 963–980.
  • Lounsbury, M. 1998. “Collective Entrepreneurship: The Mobilization of College and University Recycling Coordinators.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 11: 50–69. doi:10.1108/09534819810369572.
  • Maitlis, S. 2005. “The Social Processes of Organizational Sensemaking.” Academy of Management Journal 48 (1): 21–49. doi:10.5465/amj.2005.15993111.
  • Maitlis, S., and M. Christianson. 2014. “Sensemaking in Organizations: Taking Stock and Moving Forward.” Academy of Management Annals 8 (1): 57–125. doi:10.5465/19416520.2014.873177.
  • Marks, M. A., J. E. Mathieu, and S. J. Zaccaro. 2001. “A Conceptual Framework and Taxonomy of Team Processes.” Academy of Management Review 26 (3): 356–376. doi:10.5465/amr.2001.4845785.
  • Mintzberg, H. 1979. The Structuring of Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Morgeson, F. P., and D. A. Hofmann. 1999. “The Structure and Function of Collective Constructs: Implications for Multilevel Research and Theory Development.” Academy of Management Review 24: 249–265. doi:10.5465/amr.1999.1893935.
  • Muñoz-Bullon, F., M. J. Sanchez-Bueno, and A. Vos-Saz. 2015. “Startup Team Contributions and New Firm Creation: The Role of Founding Team Experience.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 27 (1/2): 80–105. doi:10.1080/08985626.2014.999719.
  • Nahapiet, J., and S. Ghoshal. 1998. “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage.” Academy of Management Review 23: 242–266. doi:10.5465/amr.1998.533225.
  • Neergaard, H., and C. M. Leitch. 2015. Handbook of Qualitative Research Techniques in Entrepreneurship. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • Nonaka, I. 1991. “The Knowledge-Creating Company.” Harvard Business Review 69 (6): 96–104.
  • Nonaka, I., E. Toyama, and A. Nagata. 2000. “A Firm as A Knowledge-Creating Entity: A New Perspective on the Theory of the Firm.” Industrial and Corporate Change 9: 1–20. doi:10.1093/icc/9.1.1.
  • Nonaka, I., G. von Krogh, and S. Voelpel. 2006. “Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory: Evolutionary Paths and Future Advances.” Organization Studies 27: 1179–1208. doi:10.1177/0170840606066312.
  • Orlikowski, W. J., and J. Yates. 2002. “It’s about Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations.” Organization Science 13 (6): 684–700. doi:10.1287/orsc.13.6.684.501.
  • Packalen, K. 2015. “Multiple Successful Models: How Demographic Features of Founding Teams Differ between Regions and over Time.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 27 (5/6): 357–385. doi:10.1080/08985626.2015.1059896.
  • Pearce, C. L., and M. D. Ensley August, 2000. Shared Cognition, Team Dynamics, and Team Effectiveness: A Reciprocal and Longitudinal Study. In Academy of Management Annual Meeting,, Toronto, Canada.
  • Peters, L. H., and E. J. O’Connor. 1980. “Situational Constraints and Work Outcomes: The Influences of a Frequently Overlooked Construct.” Academy of Management Review 5: 391–397. doi:10.5465/amr.1980.4288856.
  • Ravenswood, K. 2011. “Eisenhardt’s Impact on Theory in case Study Research.” Journal of Business Research 64 (7): 680–686. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.08.014.
  • Reich, R. B. 1987. “Entrepreneurship Reconsidered: The Team as a Hero.” Harvard Business Review 65 (3): 22–83.
  • Ribeiro-Soriano, D., and D. Urbano. 2009. “Overview of Collaborative Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Approach between Business Decisions and Negotiations.” Group Decision and Negotiation 18: 419–430. doi:10.1007/s10726-008-9134-x.
  • Ribeiro-Soriano, D., and J. M. Comeche Martínez. 2007. “Transmitting the Entrepreneurial Spirit to the Work Team in SMEs: The Importance of Leadership.” Management Decision 45: 1102–1122. doi:10.1108/00251740710773934.
  • Ruef, M., H. E. Aldrich, and N. M. Carter. 2003. “The Structure of Founding Teams: Homophily, Strong Ties, and Isolation among U.S. Entrepreneurs.” American Sociological Review 68: 195–222. doi:10.2307/1519766.
  • Sarasvathy, S. D. 2001. “Causation and Effectuation: Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to Entrepreneurial Contingency.” The Academy of Management Review 26 (2): 243–263.
  • Schjoedt, L., and S. Kraus. 2009. “Entrepreneurial Teams: Definition and Performance Factors.” Management Research News 32: 513–524. doi:10.1108/01409170910962957.
  • Schreyögg, G., and J. Sydow. 2010. “CROSSROADS – Organizing for Fluidity? Dilemmas of New Organizational Forms.” Organization Science 21 (6): 1251–1262. doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0561.
  • Schubert, C., J. Sydow, and A. Windeler. 2013. “The Means of Managing Momentum: Bridging Technological Paths and Organizational Fields.” Research Policy 42: 1389–1405. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.04.004.
  • Shalley, C. E., and J. E. Perry-Smith. 2008. “The Emergence of Team Creative Cognition: The Role of Diverse outside Ties, Sociocognitive Network Centrality, and Team Evolution.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 2: 23–41. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1932-443X.
  • Shapira, R. 2015. “Prevalent Concealed Ignorance of Low-Moral Careerist Managers.” Management Decision 53 (7): 1504–1526. doi:10.1108/MD-10-2014-0620.
  • Shepherd, D. A., and N. F. Krueger. 2002. “An Intentions-Based Model of Entrepreneurial Teams’ Social Cognition.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27 (2): 167–185. doi:10.1111/1540-8520.00005.
  • Smets, M., P. Jarzabkowski, G. T. Burke, and P. Spee. 2015. “Reinsurance Trading in Lloyd’s of London: Balancing Conflicting-Yet-Complementary Logics in Practice.” Academy of Management Journal 58 (3): 932–970. doi:10.5465/amj.2012.0638.
  • Stake, R. E. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Stewart, A. 1989. Team Entrepreneurship. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Sydow, J., and A. Windeler. 1998. “Organizing and Evaluating Interfirm Networks: A Structurationist Perspective on Network Processes and Effectiveness.” Organization Science 9 (3): 265–284. doi:10.1287/orsc.9.3.265.
  • Sydow, J., A. Windeler, C. Schubert, and G. Möllering. 2012. “Organizing R&D Consortia for Path Creation and Extension: The Case of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies.” Organization Studies 33 (7): 907–936. doi:10.1177/0170840612448029.
  • Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner. 1979. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. Monterey (CA): Brooks/Cole.
  • Thatcher, S. M. B., and X. Zhu. 2006. “Changing Identities in a Changing Workplace: Identification, Identity Enactment, Self-Verification, and Telecommuting.” Academy of Management Review 31 (4): 1076–1088. doi:10.5465/amr.2006.22528174.
  • Thompson, M. 2005. “Structural and Epistemic Parameters in Communities of Practice.” Organization Science 16 (2): 151–164. doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0120.
  • Triandis, H. C. 1993. “Collectivism and Individualism as Cultural Syndromes.” Cross-Cultural Research 27: 155–180. doi:10.1177/106939719302700301.
  • Turner, J. C. 1982. Towards a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group. London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vaara, E., and J. Tienari. 2010. “On the Narrative Construction of Multinational Corporations: An Antenarrative Analysis of Legitimation and Resistance in a Cross-Border Merger.” Organization Science 22 (2): 370–390. doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0593.
  • Vissa, B., and A. S. Chacar. 2009. “Leveraging Ties: The Con-Tingent Value of Entrepreneurial Teams’ External Advice Networks on Indian Software Venture Performance.” Strategic Management Journal 30: 1179–1191. doi:10.1002/smj.v30:11.
  • Watson, W. E., L. D. Ponthieu, and J. W. Critelli. 1995. “Team Interpersonal Process Effectiveness in Venture Partnership and Its Connection to Perceived Success.” Journal of Business Venturing 10: 393–411. doi:10.1016/0883-9026(95)00036-8.
  • Weick, K. E. 1979. The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Weick, K. E. 1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Weick, K. E., and K. H. Roberts. 1993. “Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful of Interrelating on Flight Decks.” Administrative Science Quarterly 38: 357–381. doi:10.2307/2393372.
  • Weick, K. E., K. M. Sutcliffe, and D. Obstfeld. 2005. “Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking.” Organization Science 16 (4): 409–421. doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0133.
  • Welter, F. 2011. “Contextualizing Entrepreneurship – Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (1): 165–184. doi:10.1111/etap.2011.35.issue-1.
  • West, G. P. 2007. “Collective Cognition: When Entrepreneurial Teams, Not Individuals, Make Decisions.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31: 77–102. doi:10.1111/etap.2007.31.issue-1.
  • Whitford, J., and F. Zirpoli. 2014. “Pragmatism, Practice, and the Boundaries of Organization.” Organization Science 25 (6): 1823–1839. doi:10.1287/orsc.2014.0919.
  • Wright, M., and I. Vanaelst 2009. Entrepreneurial Teams and New Business Creation. In The International Library of Entrepreneurship, An Elgar Reference Collection, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Yan, J., and R. L. Sorenson. 2003. “Collective Entrepreneurship in Family Firms: The Influence of Leader Attitudes and Behaviors.” New England Journal Entrepreneurship 6 (2): 37–51.
  • Yang, T., and H. E. Aldrich. 2014. “Who’s the Boss? Explaining Gender Inequality in Entrepreneurial Teams.” American Sociological Review 79 (2): 303–327. doi:10.1177/0003122414524207.
  • Yin, R. K. 2014. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Zahra, S. A. 2007. “Contextualizing Theory Building in Entrepreneurship Research.” Journal of Business Venturing 22: 443–452. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.04.007.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.