Comparison of unpleasant and pain thresholds of thermal stimuli in the orofacial regions: a psychophysical study using quantitative sensory testing in healthy young men

References

• Beitel RE, Dubner R. 1976. Response of unmyelinated (C) polymodal nociceptors to thermal stimuli applied to monkey's face. J Neurophysiol. 39:1160–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte C, Brock JA, Viana F. 2009. Converting cold into pain. Exp Brain Res.Res196:13–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnell MC, Taylor MB, Duncan GH, Dubner R. 1983. Discrimination of innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli applied to the face in human and monkey. Somatosens Res. 1:119–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CC, Rainville P, Bushnell MC. 1996. Noxious and innocuous cold discrimination in humans: evidence for separate afferent channels. Pain 68:33–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claus D, Hilz MJ, Hummer I, Neundorfer B. 1987. Methods of measurement of thermal thresholds. Acta Neurol Scand. 76:288–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig AD. 2003. A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion. Trends Neurosci. 26:303–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruccu G, Sommer C, Anand P, Attal N, Baron R, Garcia-Larrea L, Haanpaa M, Jensen TS, Serra J, Treede RD. 2010. EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment: revised 2009. Eur J Neurol. 17:1010–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis KD, Pope GE. 2002. Noxious cold evokes multiple sensations with distinct time courses. Pain 98:179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan GH, Bushnell MC, Lavigne GJ. 1989. Comparison of verbal and visual analogue scales for measuring the intensity and unpleasantness of experimental pain. Pain 37:295–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essick G, Guest S, Martinez E, Chen C, McGlone F. 2004. Site-dependent and subject-related variations in perioral thermal sensitivity. Somatosens Mot Res. 21:159–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essick GK, Trulsson M. 2004. Clinical Oral Physiology. In: Miles TS, Nauntofte B, Svensson P, editors. Thermosensation. Copenhagen, Quintessence Publishing Co.Ltd. pp. 81–83.
   Google Scholar
• Fields HL. 1999. Pain: an unpleasant topic. Pain Suppl 6: S61–S69.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green BG, Pope JV. 2003. Innocuous cooling can produce nociceptive sensations that are inhibited during dynamic mechanical contact. Exp Brain Res. 148:290–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenspan JD, Roy EA, Caldwell PA, Farooq NS. 2003. Thermosensory intensity and affect throughout the perceptible range. Somatosens Mot Res. 20:19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson P, Backonja M, Bouhassira D. 2007. Usefulness and limitations of quantitative sensory testing: clinical and research application in neuropathic pain states. Pain 129:256–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison JL, Davis KD. 1999. Cold-evoked pain varies with skin type and cooling rate: a psychophysical study in humans. Pain 83:123–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen TS, Baron R. 2003. Translation of symptoms and signs into mechanisms in neuropathic pain. Pain 102:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HK, Kim KS, Kim ME. 2013. Influence of test site and baseline temperature on orofacial thermal thresholds. J Orofac Pain. 27:263–270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lehr R. 1992. Sixteen S-squared over D-squared: a relation for crude sample size estimates. Stat Med. 11:1099–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madrid R, de la Pena E, Donovan-Rodriguez T, Belmonte C, Viana F. 2009. Variable threshold of trigeminal cold-thermosensitive neurons is determined by a balance between TRPM8 and Kv1 potassium channels. J Neurosci. 29:3120–3131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magerl W, Krumova EK, Baron R, Tölle T, Treede RD, Maier C. 2010. Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data. Pain 151:598–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKemy DD, Neuhausser WM, Julius D. 2002. Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 416:52–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meh D, Denislic M. 1994. Quantitative assessment of thermal and pain sensitivity. J Neurol Sci. 127:164–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melzack R. 2001. Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain. J Dent Educ. 65:1378–1382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morin C, Bushnell MC. 1998. Temporal and qualitative properties of cold pain and heat pain: a psychophysical study. Pain 74:67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon S, Koltzenburg M, Tracey I, Turk D. 2013. Wall & Melzack’s textbook of pain. In: Gracely RH, editor. Studies of pain in human subjects. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp 291.
   Google Scholar
• McMahon S, Koltzenburg M, Tracey I, Turk D. 2013. Wall & Melzack’s textbook of pain. In: Gracely RH, editor. Studies of pain in human subjects. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp 285.
   Google Scholar
• Patapoutian A, Peier AM, Story GM, Viswanath V. 2003. ThermoTRP channels and beyond: mechanisms of temperature sensation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 4:529–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigg M, Baad-Hansen L, Svensson P, Drangsholt M, List T. 2010. Reliability of intraoral quantitative sensory testing (QST). Pain 148:220–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigg M, Svensson P, List T. 2011. Orofacial thermal thresholds: time-dependent variability and influence of spatial summation and test site. J Orofac Pain 25:39–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price DD, McHaffie JG, Stein BE. 1992. The psychophysical attributes of heat-induced pain and their relationships to neural mechanisms. J Cogn Neurosci. 4:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainville P, Feine JS, Bushnell MC, Duncan GH. 1992. A psychophysical comparison of sensory and affective responses to four modalities of experimental pain. Somatosens Mot Res. 9:265–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolke R, Baron R, Maier C, Tölle TR, Treede R-D, Beyer A, Binder A, Birbaumer N, Birklein F, Bötefür IC, et al. 2006. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain 123:231–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolke R, Magerl W, Campbell KA, Schalber C, Caspari S, Birklein F, Treede RD. 2006. Quantitative sensory testing: a comprehensive protocol for clinical trials. Eur J Pain. 10:77–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sand T, Nilsen KB, Hagen K, Stovner LJ. 2010. Repeatability of cold pain and heat pain thresholds: The application of sensory testing in migraine research. Cephalalgia. 30:904–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarlani E, Farooq N, Greenspan JD. 2003. Gender and laterality differences in thermosensation throughout the perceptible range. Pain 106:9–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra J, Solà R, Quiles C, Casanova-Molla J, Pascual V, Bostock H, Valls-Solé J. 2009. C-nociceptors sensitized to cold in a patient with small-fiber neuropathy and cold allodynia. Pain 147:46–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson P, Baad-Hansen L, Pigg M, List T, Eliav E, Ettlin D, Michelotti A, Tsukiyama Y, Matsuka Y, Jääskeläinen SK, et al. 2011. Guidelines and recommendations for assessment of somatosensory function in oro-facial pain conditions-a taskforce report. J Oral Rehabil. 38:366–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga M, Caterina MJ. 2004. Thermosensation and pain. J Neurobiol. 61:3–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verdugo R, Ochoa JL. 1992. Quantitative somatosensory thermotest. A key method for functional evaluation of small calibre afferent channels. Brain 115:893–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasner GL, Brock JA. 2008. Determinants of thermal pain thresholds in normal subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 119:2389–2395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuker CS. 2002. Neurobiology: a cool ion channel. Nature 416:27–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar