Psychological impact of remote combat/graphic media exposure among US Air Force intelligence personnel

References

• Armour, C., & Ross, J. (2017). Health and well-being of military drone operators and intelligence analysts: A systematic review. Military Psychology, 29(2), 83–98. doi:10.1037/mil0000149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, A. O., Bryan, C. J., Morrow, C. E., Etienne, N., & Ray-Sannerud, B. (2014). Moral injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in a military sample. Traumatology, 20, 154–160. doi:10.1037/h0099852
   Google Scholar
• Bryan, C. J., Bryan, A. O., Anestis, M. D., Anestis, J. C., Green, B. A., Etienne, N., … Ray-Sannerud, B. (2015). Measuring moral injury: Psychometric properties of the moral injury events scale in two military samples. Assessment, 23(5), 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Cieslak, R., Luszczynksa, A., Shoji, K., Douglass, A., Melville, E., & Benight, C. (2014). A meta-analysis of the relationship between job burnout and secondary traumatic stress among workers with indirect exposure to trauma. Psychological Services, 75–86. doi:10.1037/a0033798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2015). Department of defense suicide event report. Washington, DC: Office of the Undersecretary of Defense Personnel and Readiness.
   Google Scholar
• Fontana, A., & Roesenheck, R. (1999). A model of war zone stressors and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 111–126. doi:10.1023/A:1024750417154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankfurt, S., & Frazier, P. (2016). A review of research on moral injury in combat Veterans. Military Psychology, 28, 318–330. doi:10.1037/mil0000132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hines, L. A., Sundin, J., Rona, R. J., Wessely, S., & Fear, N. T. (2014). Posttraumatic stress disorder post Iraq and Afghanistan: Prevalence among military subgroups. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(9), 468–479. doi:10.1177/070674371405900903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley, J. (2012). Occupational burnout and retention of air force Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS) intelligence personnel. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
   Google Scholar
• Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war Veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 695–706. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguen, S., Lucenko, B. A., Reger, M. A., Marmar, C. R., Knight, S. J., & Neylan, T. C. (2012). Killing in combat may be independently associated. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 918–923. doi:10.1002/da.21954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MHAT-9. (2013). Mental Health Advisory Team 9 (MHAT 9) Operationa Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2013 Afghanistan. http://armymedicine.mil/Documents/J_MHAT_8_OEF_Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nash, W. P., Marino-Carper, T. L., Mills, M. A., Au, T., Goldsmith, A., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Psychometric evaluation of the Moral Injury Events Scale. Military Medicine, 178, 646–652. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogle, A., & Young, J. (2016). USAF special tactics operator combat exposure and psychological stress. Military Psychology, 28, 123–133. doi:10.1037/mil0000121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pampili, M., Sher, L., Serafini, G., Forte, A., Innamorati, M., Dominici, G., … Girardi, P. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide risk among Veterans: A literature review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(9), 802–812. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182a21458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, L., Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., & Goodman, T. (2012). Main sources of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout, clinical distress, and post-traumatic stress among distributed common ground system intelligence exploitation operators. Dayton, OH: Air Force Research Laborabory AFRL-SA-WP-TR-2012-0010.
   Google Scholar
• Prince, L., Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., Goodman, T., Cowper, S., & Thompson, W. (2015). Reassessment of psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder in United States air force distributed common ground system operators. Military Medicine, 180, 171–178. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramchand, R., Rudavsky, R., Grant, S., Tanielian, T., & Jaycox, L. (2015). Prevalence of, risk factors for, and consequences of posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems in military populations deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(5), 37. doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0575-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon, L., Chappelle, W., Goodman, T., Cowper, S., Prince, L., & Thompson, W. (2015). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms in United States air force intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance agency imagery analysts. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8, 55–62. doi:10.1037/tra0000046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson, S., & Manacapilli, T. (2014). Enhancing performance under stress: Stress inoculation training for battlefield airmen. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Secretary of the Air Force. (2015, December 18). Air force instruction 48-149 flight and operational medicine program. http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_sg/publication/afi48-149/afi48-149.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in vietnam: Combat and the undoing of character. New York, NY: Scribner.
   Google Scholar
• Tripp, J. C., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., & Henschel, A. V. (2016). Firing a weapon and killing in combat are associated with suicidal ideation in OEF/OIF Veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8, 626–633. doi:10.1037/tra0000085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Dept of Veterans Affairs. (2016, September 06). National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from US Dept of Veterans Affairs: http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp
   Google Scholar