The COVID-19 pandemic and the military: Lessons learned for readiness and resilience

References

• Acacio, I., Passos, A. M., & Pion-Berlin, D. (2022). Military responses to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Latin America: Military presence, autonomy, and human rights violations. Armed Forces & Society, 0095327X211070035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211070035
   Google Scholar
• Browne, R. (2018, May 31). 70% of people globally work remotely at least once a week, study says. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/30/70-percent-of-people-globally-work-remotely-at-least-once-a-week-iwg-study.html
   Google Scholar
• Charrbonnier-Voirin, A., & Rousel, P. (2012). Adaptive performance: A new scale to measure individual performance in organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 29(3), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian, J. S., Christian, M. S., Pearsall, M. J., & Long, E. C. (2017). Team adaptation in context: An integrated conceptual model and meta-analytic review. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 140, 62–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cojocar, W. J. (2011). Adaptive leadership in the military decision making process. Military Review, 91(6), 29.
   Google Scholar
• Day, D. V. (2010). The difficulties of learning from experience and the need for deliberate practice. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(1), 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2009.01195.x
   Google Scholar
• Dotlich, D. L., Cairo, P. C., & Rhinesmith, S. H. (2009). Leading in times of crisis: Navigating through complexity, diversity and uncertainty to save your business (Vol. 281). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Eliasson, A., Kashani, M., Dela Cruz, G., & Vernalis, M. (2012). Readiness and associated health behaviors and symptoms in recently deployed Army National Guard soldiers. Military Medicine, 177(11), 1254–1260. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03610-150420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good, C. H., Brager, A. J., Capaldi, V. F., & Mysliwiec, V. (2020). Sleep in the United States military. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0431-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gribble, R., Connelly, V., & Fear, N. T. (2020). Living a life less ordinary: What can the families of essential workers responding to COVID-19 learn from UK military families? Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 6(S2), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-CO19-0005
   Google Scholar
• Griffith, R. L., Steelman, L. A., Wildman, J. L., LeNoble, C. A., & Zhou, Z. E. (2017). Guided mindfulness: A self-regulatory approach to experiential learning of complex skills. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 18(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2016.1166404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucciardi, D. F., Crane, M., Ntoumanis, N., Parker, S. K., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Ducker, K. J., Peeling, P., Chapman, M. T., Quested, E., & Temby, P. (2018). The emergence of team resilience: A multilevel conceptual model of facilitating factors. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(4), 729–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, R. H., Schmidt, M. N., Waits, W. M., Bell, A. K., & Miller, T. L. (2020). Planning for mental health needs during COVID-19. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge, C. W., McGurk, D., Thomas, J. L., Cox, A. L., Engel, C. C., & Castro, C. A. (2008). Mild traumatic brain injury in US soldiers returning from Iraq. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(5), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa072972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jetly, R., Vermetten, E., Easterbrook, B., Lanius, R., & McKinnon, M. (2020). Going to “War”: Military approach as the antidote to defeating COVID-19. Military Behavioral Health, 8(3), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2020.1765911
   Google Scholar
• Judkins, J. L., Moore, B. A., Collette, T. L., Hale, W. J., Peterson, A. L., & Morissette, S. B. (2020). Incidence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder over a 17‐year period in active duty military service members. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33(6), 994–1006. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalkman, J. P. (2021). Military crisis responses to COVID‐19. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(1), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katella, K. (2021, March 9). Our pandemic year—A COVID-19 timeline. Yale Medicine. https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-timeline
   Google Scholar
• Keiser, N. L., & Arthur, W., Jr. (2021). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of the after-action review (or debrief) and factors that influence its effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(7), 1007–1032. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb, D. A. (1984). The process of experiential learning. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Eaglewood Cliffs.
   Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Klein, K. J. (2000). A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 3–90). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Leardmann, C. A., Pietrucha, A., Magruder, K. M., Smith, B., Murdoch, M., Jacobson, I. G., Smith, B., Ryan, M. A. K., & Gackstetter, G., & Millennium Cohort Study Team. (2013). Combat deployment is associated with sexual harassment or sexual assault in a large, female military cohort. Women’s Health Issues, 23(4), e215–e223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, C. T. (2020). DOD identifies more troops to help administer COVID-19 vaccine. DoD News. https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2526831/dod-identifies-more-troops-to-help-administer-covid-19-vaccine/
   Google Scholar
• Mastiglio, T., Wilkinson, J., Jones, P. N., Bliss, J. P., & Barnett, J. S. (2011). Current practice and theoretical foundations of the after action review. MYMIC LLC PORTSMOUTH VA.
   Google Scholar
• Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Balderson, K. E., Bennett, J. P., Borgundvaag, B., Evans, S., Hall, L. M., Gupta, M., Hunter, J., McGillis Hall, L., Nagle, L., Pain, C., Peczeniuk, S., Raymond, G., Read, N., Rourke, S., Steinberg, R., Stewart, T., VanDeVelde-Coke, S., … Fernandes, C. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(12), 1924. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1212.060584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meredith, L. S., Sherbourne, C. D., Gaillot, S. J., Hansell, L., Ritschard, H. V., Parker, A. M., & Wrenn, G. (2011). Promoting psychological resilience in the US military. Rand Health Quarterly, 1(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4945176/
   Google Scholar
• Moore, S. C., Stockfisch, J. A., Goldberg, M. S., Holroyd, S. M., & Hildebrandt, G. G. (1991). Measuring military readiness and sustainability. National Defense Research Institute. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA236214.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, J. E., & Meliza, L. L. (1999). Foundations of the after action review process. Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria Va.
   Google Scholar
• Nair, V. S., & Banerjee, D. (2021). Vulnerabilities due to COVID-19 pandemic among the military personnel: A psychosocial perspective. Indian Journal of Psychiatric Social Work, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29120/IJPSW.2020.v11.i2.236
   Google Scholar
• Nash, W. P., Steenkamp, M., Conoscenti, L., & Litz, B. T. (2011). The stress continuum model: A military organizational approach to resilience. Resilience and Mental Health: Challenges across the Lifespan, 238. www.cambridge.org/9780521898393
   Google Scholar
• Ratković, M., Pavlović, M., & Pavlović, M. (2021). Konferencija Kovid 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350688959_Konferencija_Kovid_2020
   Google Scholar
• Reger, G. M., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2020). Adding insult to injury: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on mental health treatment of PTSD. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(4), 301–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00166-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider, R. J., & Martin, J. A. (1994). Military families and combat readiness. In Russ Zajtchuk, M. C (Ed.), Military psychiatry: Preparing in peace for war (pp. 19–30). Office of the Surgeon General Department of the Army, United States of America.
   Google Scholar
• Segal, D., Rotschield, J., Ankory, R., Kutikov, S., Moaddi, B., Verhovsky, G., Benov, A., Twig, G., Glassberg, E., Fink, N., Bader, T., & Karp, E. (2020). Measures to limit COVID-19 outbreak effects among military personnel: Preliminary data. Military Medicine, 185(9–10), e1624–e1631. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spicer, A. (2020). Organizational culture and COVID‐19. Journal of Management Studies, 57(8), 1737–1740. https://doi.org/10/ghfdv2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., Varley, D., Allgar, V. L., & De Beurs, E. (2020). Workplace stress, presenteeism, absenteeism, and resilience amongst university staff and students in the COVID-19 lockdown. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 588803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogus, T. J., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007, October). Organizational resilience: Towards a theory and research agenda. 2007 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics (pp. 3418–3422). IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Wildman, J. L., Nguyen, D. M., Duong, N. S., & Warren, C. (2021). Student teamwork during COVID-19: Challenges, changes, and consequences. Small Group Research, 52(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496420985185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilén, N. (2021). The Military in the Time of COVID-19. Prism, 9(2), 20–33. (This article is part of a larger project entitled “The military as an ‘agent of change’ for gender-relations in post-conflict societies? Evidence from Mali and Liberia,” which is financed by the Swedish Research Council, n°2018–04958).
   Google Scholar
• Wynn, G., Morganstein, J. C., Jetly, R., Ford, S. C., Vance, M. C., Meyer, E. G., West, J. C., Benedek, D. M., & Ursano, R. J. (2020). Military mental health and COVID-19. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 6(S2), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2020-0048
   Google Scholar