- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug-related emergency department visits involving synthetic cannabinoids. The DAWN Report, December 4, 2012: 1–5. Available at http://archive.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/DAWN105/SR105-synthetic-marijuana.pdf.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Monitoring the Future Survey, Overview of Findings 2012. Available at http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/monitoring-future/monitoring-future-survey-overview-findings-2012.
- Huffman JW. Cannabimimetic indoles, pyrroles and indenes. Curr Med Chem 1999;6 (8): 705–720.
- Naughton CA. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Am Fam Physician 2008;78 (6): 743–750.
- Kenny JE. Creatinine kinase: how much is too much? Clinical Correlations, November 3, 2010. Available at http://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=3390.
- Latham J, Campbell D, Nichols W, Mott T. Clinical inquiries. How much can exercise raise creatine kinase level—and does it matter? J Fam Pract 2008;57 (8): 545–547.
- Bhanushali GK, Jain G, Fatima H, Leisch LJ, Thornley-Brown D. AKI associated with synthetic cannabinoids: a case series. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013;8 (4): 523–526.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute kidney injury associated with synthetic cannabinoid use—multiple states, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62 (6): 93–98.
- Drug Enforcement Administration. UR-144 (TCMP-018; KM-X1) and XLR11 (5-F-UR-144). 2013. Available at http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/spice/spice_ur144_xlr11.pdf.
- Nam DH, Lee MH, Kim JE, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Kim SH, Han SY, Han KH, Han JY, Cha DR. Blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 improves insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Endocrinology 2012;153 (3): 1387–1396.
- Barutta F, Corbelli A, Mastrocola R, Gambino R, Di Marzo V, Pinach S, Rastaldi MP, Perin PC, Gruden G. Cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade ameliorates albuminuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2010;59 (4): 1046–1054.
- Bach LA. Diabetic nephropathy: do cannabinoids contribute? Endocrinology 2012;153 (3): 1008–1009.
- Janiak P, Poirier B, Bidouard JP, Cadrouvele C, Pierre F, Gouraud L, Barbosa I, Dedio J, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G, O'Connor S, Herbert JM. Blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors improves renal function, metabolic profile, and increased survival of obese Zucker rats. Kidney Int 2007;72 (11): 1345–1357.
- Wohlfarth A, Pang S, Zhu M, Gandhi AS, Scheidweiler KB, Liu HF, Huestis MA. First metabolic profile of XLR-11, a novel synthetic cannabinoid, obtained by using human hepatocytes and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2013;59 (11): 1638–1648.
Free access
Synthetic Cannabinoids and Acute Kidney Injury
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.