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Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
The peer-reviewed journal of Baylor Scott & White Health
Volume 30, 2017 - Issue 2
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Practical and Ethical Considerations in the Management of Pacemaker and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Devices in Terminally Ill Patients

  • Lampert R, Hayes DL, Annas GJ, Farley MA, Goldstein NE, Hamilton RM, Kay GN, Kramer DB, Mueller PS, Padeletti L, Pozuelo L, Schoenfeld MH, Vardas PE, Wiegand DL, Zellner R; American College of Cardiology; American Geriatrics Society; American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine; American Heart Association; European Heart Rhythm Association; Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association. HRS expert consensus statement on the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy. Heart Rhythm 2010;7 (7): 1008–1026.
  • Torres-Ayala SC, Santacana-Laffitte G, Maldonado J. Radiography of cardiac conduction devices: a pictorial review of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J Clin Imaging Sci 2014;4 (1): 74.
  • Jacob S, Shahzad MA, Maheshwari R, Panaich SS, Aravindhakshan R. Cardiac rhythm device identification algorithm using x-rays: CaRDIA-X. Heart Rhythm 2011;8 (6): 915–922.
  • Pasalic D, Gazelka HM, Topazian RJ, Buchhalter LC, Ottenberg AL, Webster TL, Swetz KM, Mueller PS. Palliative care consultation and associated end-of-life care after pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator deactivation. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2016;33 (10): 966–971.
  • Huddle TS, Amos Bailey F. Pacemaker deactivation: withdrawal of support or active ending of life? Theor Med Bioeth 2012;33 (6): 421–433.
  • Bevins MB. The ethics of pacemaker deactivation in terminally ill patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2011;41 (6): 1106–1110.
  • Kapa S, Mueller PS, Hayes DL, Asirvatham SJ. Perspectives on withdrawing pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies at end of life: results of a survey of medical and legal professionals and patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85 (11): 981–990.
  • Kaszala K, Huizar JF, Ellenbogen KA. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators: function and troubleshooting. Indian Heart J 2011;63 (4): 386–391.
  • Buchhalter LC, Ottenberg AL, Webster TL, Swetz KM, Hayes DL, Mueller PS. Features and outcomes of patients who underwent cardiac device deactivation. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174 (1): 80–85.
  • Pitcher D, Soar J, Hogg K, Linker N, Chapman S, Beattie JM, Jones S, George R, McComb J, Glancy J, Patterson G, Turner S, Hampshire S, Lockey A, Baker T, Mitchell S; CIED Working Group. Cardiovascular implanted electronic devices in people towards the end of life, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and after death: guidance from the Resuscitation Council (UK), British Cardiovascular Society and National Council for Palliative Care. Heart 2016;102 (Suppl 7): A1–A17.

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