- Qato DM, Wilder J, Schumm LP, Gillet V, Alexander GC. Changes in prescription and over-the-counter medication and dietary supplement use among older adults in the United States, 2005 vs 2011. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(4):473–482. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.8581.
- Mukherjee PK, Harwansh RK, Bahadur S, et al. Development of ayurveda—tradition to trend. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;197:10–24. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.024.
- Padma TV. Ayurveda. Nature. 2005;436(7050):486. doi:10.1038/436486a.
- Satow YE, Kumar PD, Burke A, Inciardi JF. Exploring the prevalence of ayurveda use among Asian Indians. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14(10):1249–1253. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0106.
- Nath A, Chakraborty D, Das S. Assessment of lead and cadmium in fifty-four Indian herbal medicine: tribal and marketed varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(4):4127–4136. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07091-w.
- Gupta S, Pandotra P, Gupta AP, et al. Volatile (As and Hg) and non-volatile (Pb and Cd) toxic heavy metals analysis in rhizome of Zingiber officinale collected from different locations of north western Himalayas by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(10):2966–2971. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.034.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead poisoning associated with ayurvedic medications—five states, 2000–2003. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm. Accessed July 5, 2022.
- Buettner C, Mukamal KJ, Gardiner P, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Mittleman MA. Herbal supplement use and blood lead levels of United States adults. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(11):1175–1182. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1050-5.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Toxicological profiles. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=96&tid=22. Published August 15, 2022. Accessed September 27, 2022.
- Sakthithasan K, Lévy P, Poupon J, Garnier R. A comparative study of edetate calcium disodium and dimercaptosuccinic acid in the treatment of lead poisoning in adults. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(11):1143–1149. doi:10.1080/15563650.2018.1478424.
- Vossoughinia H, Pourakbar A, Esfandiari S, Sharifianrazavi M. Severe abdominal pain caused by lead toxicity without response to oral chelators: a case report. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016;8(1):67–72. doi:10.15171/mejdd.2016.10.
- Hughes R. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.
Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
The peer-reviewed journal of Baylor Scott & White Health
Volume 36, 2023 - Issue 2
Case Studies
Unregulated supplement use causing insidious lead toxicity
Grant Manh-tri PhamTexas A&M Family Medicine Residency, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Round Rock, Round Rock, TexasCorrespondence[email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-641X
, MDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-641X & , MD