- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Optometry in the American Academy of Ophthalmology. September 28, 2020. https://www.aao.org/about/policies/optometry-academy-2020. Accessed December 11, 2022.
- Ophthalmology Management. Navigating the comanagement waters. March 2018. https://www.ophthalmologymanagement.com/issues/2018/march-2018/navigating-the-co-management-waters. Accessed January 12, 2023.
- US Federal Election Commission. Understanding the SSF and its connected organization. 2023. https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/registering-ssf/understanding-ssf-and-its-connected-organization/. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- OpenSecrets. Trends in spending. 2023. https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/trends-in-spending. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- Giorno T, Quist P. Total cost of 2022 state and federal elections projected to exceed $16.7 billion. OpenSecrets News, 2022. https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2022/11/total-cost-of-2022-state-and-federal-elections-projected-to-exceed-16-7-billion/
- OpenSecrets. Health professionals lobbying profile. 2023. https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/industries/summary?cycle=2021&id=H01. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- OpenSecrets. Health professionals PACs contributions to candidates, 2021-2022. 2023. https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/industry-detail/H01/2022. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- OpenSecrets. Home page. 2022. https://www.opensecrets.org/. Accessed December 11, 2022.
- S.1060. Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. 2023. https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/1060. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- OpenSecrets. Methodology. 2023. https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/methodology. Accessed January 8, 2023.
- Library of Congress. US Federal Election Commission. 2023. https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0027730/. Accessed January 7, 2023.
- Data USA. Optometrists. 2022. https://datausa.io/profile/soc/optometrists. Accessed December 11, 2022.
- AAMC. Active physicians with a U.S. doctor of medicine (U.S. MD) degree by specialty, 2019. 2022. https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/active-physicians-us-doctor-medicine-us-md-degree-specialty-2019. Accessed December 11, 2022.
- American Optometric Association. Congress urges administration to fully implement provider nondiscrimination law. 2021. https://www.aoa.org/news/advocacy/federal-advocacy/congress-urges-administration-to-fully-implement-provider-nondiscrimination-law?sso=y. Accessed July 9, 2023.
- American Optometric Association. Gaining access: a win for veterans and doctors of optometry. 2023. https://www.aoa.org/news/advocacy/federal-advocacy/gaining-access-a-win-for-veterans-and-doctors-of-optometry?sso=y. Accessed July 18, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. VA drops eye surgery safety language for care vets receive in the community. 2022. https://www.aao.org/eye-on-advocacy-article/va-veterans-community-care-centers-sugery-language. Accessed December 11, 2022.
- Review of Ophthalmology Staff. VA acts to limit optometric surgery. 2004. https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/va-acts-to-limit-optometric-surgery. Accessed July 19, 2023.
- US Department of Veterans Affairs. VA develops national standards for health care professionals. 2022. https://www.va.gov/opa/pressrel/pressrelease.cfm?id=5803. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. The VA Federal Supremacy Project and scope of practice. 2022. https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/va-federal-supremacy-project-and-scope-of-practice. Accessed January 29, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Year-end spending bill addresses other academy priorities. 2023. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/year-end-spending-bill-address-academy-priorities. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Congress steps up, increases funds for academy’s priority federal research programs. 2018. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/congress-steps-up-increases-funds-federal-research. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Academy advocacy nets increase in Defense Department vision research. 2016. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/academy-advocacy-increase-defense-research-funding. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology nets research-funding increases, other wins in massive federal spending bill. 2015. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/ophthalmology-nets-research-funding-increases-othe. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Loan relief for pediatric ophthalmologists in underserved areas. 2023. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/loan-relief-pediatric-ophthalmologists-deadline. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. 4 military regional ocular trauma centers to be established. 2022. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/4-military-regional-ocular-trauma-centers. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Academy of Ophthalmology. Academy derails RAC audit of retina laser procedure. 2016. https://www.aao.org/advocacy/eye-on-advocacy-article/academy-derails-rac-audit-retina-laser-procedure. Accessed July 15, 2023.
- American Optometric Association. NEI releases 5-year strategic plan identifying emerging opportunities. 2021. https://www.aoa.org/news/clinical-eye-care/public-health/nei-releases-detailed-strategic-plan-on-its-priorities-for-the-next-five-years?sso=y. Accessed July 18, 2023.
- McKay A. What do campaign contributions buy? Lobbyists’ strategic giving. Interest Groups Advocacy. 2018;7(1):1–18. doi:10.1057/s41309-018-0031-7.
- US Federal Election Commission. Lobbyist bundling disclosure. 2023. https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/lobbyist-bundling-disclosure/ Accessed April 3, 2023.
- Hall RL, Deardorff AV. Lobbying as legislative subsidy. Am Polit Sci Rev. 2006;100(1):69–84. doi:10.1017/S0003055406062010.
- de Figueiredo JM, Richter BK. Advancing the empirical research on lobbying. Annu Rev Polit Sci. 2014;17(1):163–185. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135308.
- Patel PN, Shah DS, Goel RD, Patel PA, Ahmed H. Trends and distribution of political contributions from ophthalmologists in the United States. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2023;30:(2):208–211. doi:10.1080/09286586.2022.2084117.
- Barpujari A, Mehra M, Singh R, et al. Political campaign contributions of surgeons in the United States throughout the 2020 election cycle. JAMA Surg. 2022;157(6):515–522. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0798.
- Hojnacki M, Kimball DC. PAC Contributions and lobbying contacts in congressional committees. Polit Res Q. 2001;54(1):161–180. doi:10.1177/106591290105400109.
- McKay AM. Fundraising for favors? Linking lobbyist-hosted fundraisers to legislative benefits. Polit Res Q. 2018;71(4):869–880. doi:10.1177/1065912918771745.
Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
The peer-reviewed journal of Baylor Scott & White Health
Volume 36, 2023 - Issue 6
Original Research: Quality, Health Care Delivery, and Financing
Healthcare lobbying and campaign finance activities of vision-related professional societies, 2015 to 2022
Akash Kakkilayaa School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-4560View further author information
, BSAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-4560View further author information, , BS, , MPH, MBA, , MD, , BS, , BBA, , MPH & , MD, PhD show all