- Aass , L. and Vangen , O. 1998 . Carcass and meat quality characteristics of young bulls of Norwegian Cattle and crossbreeds with Angus, Hereford and Charolais . Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A Animal Sci. , 48 : 65 – 75 .
- Andersen , H. R. and Ingvartsen , K. L. 1984 . The influence of energy level, weight at slaughter and castration on growth and feed efficiency in cattle . Livest. Prod. Sci. , 11 : 559 – 569 .
- Dransfield , E. 1994 . Optimisation of tenderisation, ageing and tenderness . Meat Sci. , 36 : 105 – 121 .
- Ekern , A. 1991 . A new system of energy evaluation of food for ruminants . Norsk landbruksforskning. , 5 : 273 – 277 . (In Norwegian.)
- Gravir , K. 1973 . Kryssing med Charolais ga 8% betre tilvekst . Buskap og Avdrått , 4 : 188 – 189 . (In Norwegian.)
- Gravir , K. 1975 . Bruksdyrkryssing med kjørtfe i Norge . Buskap og Avdrått , 4 : 180 – 183 . (In Norwegian.)
- Guhe , M. , Preisinger , R. , Augustini , C. , Henning , M. and KaIm , E. 1994 . Genetische und produktionstechnische Analyse des Schlachtkörperwertes von Jungbullen . Züchtungskunde , 66 : 180 – 197 .
- Huff , E. J. and Parrish , F. C. 1993 . Bovine longissimus muscle tenderness as affected by postmortem ageing time, animal age and sex . J. Food Sci. , 58 : 713 – 716 .
- Keane , M. G. , More O'Ferrall , G. J. , Connolly , J. and Allen , P. 1990 . Carcass composition of serially slaughtered Friesian, Hereford × Friesian and Charolais × Friesian steers finished on two dietary energy levels . Anim. Prod. , 50 : 231 – 243 .
- Koch , R. M. , Dikeman , M. E. , Lipsey , R. J. , Allen , D. M. and Grouse , J. D. 1979 . Characterization of biological types of cattle -- cycle II:III. Carcass composition, quality and palatability . J. Anim. Sci. , 49 : 448 – 460 .
- Lochner , J. V. , Kauffman , R. G. and Marsh , B. B. 1980 . Early-post mortem cooling rate and beef tenderness . Meat Sci. , 4 : 227 – 241 .
- Madsen , J. , Hvelplund , T. Weissbjerg , M. R. 1995 . The AAT/PBV protein evaluation system for ruminants. A revision . Norw, J. Agric. Sci. ,
- Mandell , I. B. , Gullett , E. A. , Wilton , J. W. , Kemp , R. A. and Allen , O. B. 1997 . Effects of gender and breed on carcass traits, chemical composition, and palatability attributes in Hereford and Simmental bulls and steers . Livest. Prod. Sci. , 49 : 235 – 248 .
- Matre , T. 1975 . Verknader av forstyrke og slaktevekt i kjøtproduksjon på oksar . Melding , (In Norwegian.)
- Peacock , F. M. , Koger , M. , Palmer , A. Z. , Carpenter , J. W. and Olson , T. A. 1982 . Additive breed and heterosis effects for individual and maternal influences on feedlot gain and carcass traits of Angus, Brahman, Charolais and crossbred steers . J. Anim. Sci. , 55 : 797 – 803 .
- Petit , M. and Agabriel , J. 1989 . “ Beef cows ” . In Ruminant Nutrition: Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables , Edited by: Jarrige , R. 93 – 108 . Montrouge : John Libbey Eurotext .
- Purchas , R. W. and Aungsupakorn , R. 1993 . Further investigations into the relationship between ultimate pH and tenderness for beef samples from bulls and steers . Meat Sci. , 34 : 163 – 178 .
- Purchas , R. W. , Morris , S. T. and Grant , D. A. 1992 . A comparison of characteristics of the carcasses from Friesian, Piedmontese × Friesian, and Belgian Blue × Friesian bulls . N. Z. J. Agric. Res. , 35 : 401 – 409 .
- Ramsey , C. B. , Cole , J. W. , Meyer , B. H. and Temple , R. S. 1963 . Effects of type and breed of British, Zebu and diary cattle on production, palatability and composition. II. Palatability differences and cocking losses as determined by laboratory and family panels . J. Anim. Sci. , 22 : 1001 – 1008 .
- Rødbotten , R. , Nilsen , B. N. and Hildrum , K. I. 2000 . Prediction of beef quality attributes from early post mortem near infrared reflectance spectra . Food Chem. , 69 : 427 – 436 .
- Rødbotten , R. , Lea , P. and Hildrum , K. I. 2001 . The relative influence of low voltage electrical stimulation, chilling rate and ageing time on tenderness of M. longissimus dorsi of Norwegian cattle . Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A Animal Sci. , 51 : 184 – 191 .
- Silva , J. A. , Patarata , L. and Martins , C. 1999 . Influence of ultimate pH on bovine meat tenderness during ageing . Meat Sci. , 52 : 453 – 459 .
- Steen , R. W. J. 1995 . The effect of plane of nutrition and slaughter weight on growth and food efficiency in bulls, steers and heifers of three breed crosses . Livest. Prod. Sci. , 42 : 1 – 11 .
- Tilley , J. M. A. and Terry , R. A. 1963 . A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops . J. Br. Grassld Soc. , 18 : 104 – 111 .
- van Hulten , M.-C. , Klemmentsdal , G. and Steine , T. 1991 . Results from beef crossbreeding in Norwegian cattle . Norw. J. Agric. Sci. , 5 : 253 – 259 .
- Wheeler , T. L. , Cundiff , L. V. , Koch , R. M. and Crouse , J. D. 1996 . Characterization of biological types of cattle (cycle IV): carcass traits and longissimus palatability . J. Anim. Sci. , 74 : 1023 – 1035 .
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science
Volume 52, 2002 - Issue 2