Effects of Energy Level and Enzyme Supplementation in Wheat-Based Layer Diets on Hen Performance and Egg Quality

References

• Al Bustany , Z. and Elwinger , K. 1988 . Whole grains, unprocessed rapeseed and β-glucanase in diets for laying hens . Swed. J. Agric. Res. , 18 : 31 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Almirall , M. , Francesch , M. , Perez-Vendrell , A. M. , Brufau , J. and Esteve-Garcia , E. 1995 . The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and β-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks . J. Nutr. , 125 : 947 – 955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC, 1984. Official methods of analysis (14th ed.). Association of official analytical chemists. Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Bedford , M. R. 2000 . Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition; their current value and future benefits . Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. , 86 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedford , M. R. and Classen , H. L. 1992 . Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosonase concentration is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks . J. Nutr. , 122 : 560 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benabdeljelil , K. and Arbaoui , M. I. 1994 . Effects of enzyme supplementation of barley-based diets on hen performance and egg quality . Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. , 48 : 325 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenes , A. , Guenter , W. , Marquardt , R. R. and Rotter , B. A. 1993 . Effect of β-glucanase/pentosanase enzyme supplementation on the performance of chickens and laying hens fed wheat, barley, naked oats and rye diets . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 73 : 941 – 951 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choct , M. , Hughes , R. J. , Wang , J. , Bedford , M. R. , Morgan , A. J. and Annison , G. 1996 . Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens . Br. Poult. Sci. , 37 : 609 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francesch , M. , Pérez-Vendrell , A. M. , Esteva-Garcia , E. and Brufau , J. 1995 . Enzyme supplementation of a barley and sunflower-based diet on laying hen performance . J. Appl. Poult. Res. , 4 : 32 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Friesen , O. D. , Guenter , W. , Marquardt , R. R. and Rotter , B. A. 1992 . The effect of enzyme supplementation on apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of wheat, barley, oats and rye for the young broiler chick . Poult. Sci. , 71 : 710 – 1721 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , J. L. 1986 . Repeated measurement: sensitive tests for experiments with few animals . J. Anim. Sci. , 63 : 943 – 954 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto , S. , Shogren , M. D. and Pomeranz , Y. 1987 . Cereal pentosans: their estimation and significance . Cereal Chem. , 64 : 30 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesselman , K. and Aman , P. 1986 . The effect of beta-glucanase on the utilisation of starch and nitrogen by broiler chicks fed on barley of low or high viscosity . Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. , 15 : 83 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeroch, H., 1991. Application of enzymes in laying hens rations based on barley. In: WPSA Proceedings 8th European Symp. on Poultry Nutrition. 14–17 October, Venezia Mestre, Italy, pp. 361–364.
   Google Scholar
• McCleary , B. W. and Holmes , G. M. 1985 . Enzymic quantification of (1-3), (1-4)-β-D-glucan in barley and malt . J. Ins. Brew. , 91 : 285 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquardt , R. R. , Brenes , A. , Zhang , Z. and Boros , D. 1996 . Use of enzymes to improve nutrient availability in poultry feedstuffs . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , 60 : 321 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC, 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Pan , C. F. , Igbasen , F. A. , Guenter , W. and Marquardt , R. R. 1998 . The effects of enzyme and inorganic phosphorus supplements in wheat- and rye-based diets on laying hen performance, energy, and phosphorus availability . Poult. Sci. , 77 : 83 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polat, C., Akyürek, H., Konyali, & Senköylü, A. N. 1995. Supplementation of an enzyme preparation to wheat and barley based diets fed to commercial brown layers. In: WPSA Proc. 10th European Symp. on Poultry Nutrition. 15–19 October, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 360–362.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. R. & Choct, M. 1999. The use of commercial enzymes and egg and egg shell quality in four strains of laying hen. In: Proc. VIII European Symp. on the Quality of Eggs and Eggs Products. Vol: II. 19–23 September, Bologna, Italy, pp. 113–119.
   Google Scholar
• Scott , T. A. , Silversides , F. G. , Classen , H. L. , Swift , M.L. and Bedford , M. R. 1998 . Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 78 : 649 – 656 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistica, 1984. Statistica Computer Manual. StatSoft Inc., Tulsa OK.
   Google Scholar
• Vladimirova, L. & Surdjiska, S. 1995. Testing the effect of adding polyenzyme preparation in feeding layers. In: WPSA Proc. 10th European Symp. on Poultry Nutrition. 15–19 October, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 330–333.
   Google Scholar
• Vukic Vranjes , M. and Wenk , C. 1996 . Influence of Tricoderma viride enzyme complex on nutrient utilisation and performance of laying hens in diets with and without antibiotic supplementation . Poult. Sci. , 75 : 551 – 555 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ward , A. T. and Marquardt , R. R. 1983 . The effect of situation, chain length of pure triglycerides and age of bird on the utilisation of rye diets . Poult. Sci. , 62 : 1054 – 1062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winer, B. J., 1971. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Inc. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehead , C. C. , Bowman , A. S. and Griffin , H. D. 1991 . The effects of dietary fat and bird age on the weight of eggs and egg components in the laying hen . Br. Poult. Sci. , 32 : 565 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar