1,392
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Yield and chemical composition of five common grassland species in response to nitrogen fertiliser application and phenological growth stage

, , &
Pages 644-658 | Received 20 Feb 2012, Accepted 16 Apr 2012, Published online: 22 May 2012

References

  • Ankom ( 2006a ). Acid Detergent Fiber in Feeds Filter Bag Technique ( Macedon , NY : Ankom Inc ).
  • Ankom ( 2006b ). Neutral Detergent Fiber in Feeds Filter Bag Technique ( Macedon , NY : Ankom Inc .).
  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 . Official Methods and Analysis . First supplement (1990) to the 15th edition, method 990–03 . ( Arlington , VA : AOAC ).
  • Binnie , R.C. , Chestnutt , D.M.D. and Murdoch , J.C. 1980 . The effect of initial defoliation and 5 height of defoliation on productivity of Lolium perenne swards . Grass and Forage Science , 6 : 267 – 273 .
  • Black , A.D. & O'Kiely , P. 2003 . Seedling growth and development characteristics of perennial clover species compared with perennial ryegrass . In Grassland Science in Europe, 12. Proceedings of the 14th General Meeting of the EGF: Permanent and temporary grassland: plant, environment, economy , Ghent, Belgium 596 .
  • Buxton , D.R. 1996 . Quality-related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 59 : 37 – 49 .
  • Buxton , D.R. and O'Kiely , P. 2003 . “ Preharvest plant factors affecting ensiling ” . In Silage Science and Technology , Edited by: Buxton , D.R. , Muck , R.E. and Harrison , J.H. 199 – 250 . Madison , Wisconsin : American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America .
  • Buxton , D.R. and Redfearn , D.D. 1997 . Plant limitations to fiber digestion and utilization . Journal of Nutrition , 127 : 814S – 818S .
  • Casler , M.D. and Kallenbach , R.L. 1995 . “ Cool-season grasses for humid areas ” . In Forages – the science of grassland agriculture , Edited by: Barnes , R.F. , Nelson , C.J. , Moore , K.J. and Collins , M. 211 – 220 . Ames , Iowa : Blackwell Publishing .
  • Casler , M.D. and Vogel , K.P. 1999 . Accomplishments and impact from breeding for increased forage nutritional value . Crop Science , 39 : 12 – 20 .
  • Calser , M.D. and Van Staten , E. 2010 . “ Breeding objectives in forages ” . In Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses , Edited by: Boller , B. , Poselt , U.K. and Veronesi , F. 115 – 136 . London , LLC : Springer Science and Business Media .
  • Čop , J. , Lavrenčič , A. and Košmelj , K. 2009 . Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth: Analysis of time dynamics . Grass and Forage Science , 64 : 122 – 131 .
  • Davies , D.A. and Morgan , T.E.H. 1982 . Herbage characteristics of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue and timothy pastures and their relationship with animal performance under upland conditions . Journal of Agricultural Science , 99 : 153 – 161 .
  • Dewhurst , R.J. , Fisher , W.J. , Tweed , J.K.S. and Wilkins , R.J. 2003 . Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 1. Production responses with different levels of concentrate . Journal of Dairy Science , 86 : 2598 – 2611 .
  • Flynn , A.V. 1981 . Factors affecting the feeding value of silage . In W. Haresign & D. Lewis , Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition , pp. 81 – 89 . Buttersworths , London .
  • Frame , J. and Laidlaw , A.S. 2011 . Improved Grassland Management , 2nd ed , Wiltshire : The Crowood Press Ltd .
  • Green , B.H. 1990 . Agricultural intensification and the loss of habitat, species and amenity in British grasslands: A review of historical change and assessment of future prospects . Grass and Forage Science , 45 : 365 – 372 .
  • Green , J.O. , Corrall , A.J. & Terry , R.A. 1971 . Relationships Between Stage of Growth, Yield and Forage ( Hurley, Berkshire: Grass species and varieties: Grassland Research Institute )
  • Han , D. , O'Kiely , P. and Sun , D.W. 2003 . Linear models for the dry matter yield of the primary growth of a permanent grassland pasture . Irish Journal of Agriculture and Food Research , 42 : 17 – 38 .
  • Hopkins , A. and Holz , B. 2006 . Grassland for agriculture and nature conservation: Production, quality and multi-functionality . Agronomy Research , 4 : 3 – 20 .
  • Jancik , F. , Homolka , P. , Čermak , B. and Lad , F. 2008 . Determination of indigestible neutral detergent fibre contents of grasses and its prediction from chemical composition . Czech Journal of Animal Science , 53 : 128 – 135 .
  • Jones , D.I.H. 1970a . The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the ensiling characteristics of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot . Journal of Agricultural Science , 75 : 517 – 521 .
  • Jones , D.I.H. 1970b . Cell-wall constituents of some grass species and varieties . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 21 : 559 – 562 .
  • Keady , T.W.J. , Mayne , C.S. and Fitzpatrick , D.A. 2000 . Prediction of silage feeding value from the analysis of the herbage at ensiling and effects of nitrogen fertilizer, date of harvest and additive treatment on grass silage composition . The Journal of Agricultural Science , 134 : 353 – 368 .
  • Keating , T. and O'Kiely , P. 2000a . Comparison of old permanent grassland, lolium perenne and lolium multiflorum swards grown for silage: 4. Effects of varying harvesting date . Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research , 39 : 55 – 71 .
  • Keating , T. and O'Kiely , P. 2000b . Comparison of old permanent grassland, lolium perenne and lolium multiflorum swards grown for silage: 3. Effects of varying fertiliser N application rate . Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research , 39 : 35 – 53 .
  • Kromus , S. , Wachter , B. , Koschuh , W. , Mandl , M. , Krotscheck , C. and Narodoslawsky , M. 2004 . The green biorefinery Austria – development of an integrated system for green biomass utilization . Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly , 18 : 7 – 12 .
  • Kunelius , H.T. , Macleod , L.B. and Calder , F.W. 1974 . Effects of cutting management on yields, digestibility, crude protein and persistence of timothy, bromegrass, and orchard grass . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 54 : 55 – 64 .
  • Kunelius , H.T. and Narasimhalu , P. 1983 . Yields and quality of Italian and Westerwolds ryegrasses, red clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and Persian clover grown in monocultures and ryegrass legume mixtures . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 63 : 437 – 442 .
  • Mason , W. and Lachance , L. 1983 . Effects of initial harvest date on dry matter yield, in vitro dry 20 matter digestibility and protein in timothy, tall fescue, reed canarygrass, and Kentucky 21 bluegrass . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 6 : 675 – 685 .
  • McGrath , D. 1992 . A note on the influence of nitrogen application and time of cutting on water soluble carbohydrate production by Italian ryegrass . Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research , 31 : 189 – 192 .
  • Minson , D.J. 1990 . Forage in Ruminant Nutrition , Millbrae , CA : California Academic Press .
  • Moore , K.J. , Moser , L.E. , Vogel , K.P. , Waller , S.S. , Johnson , B.E. and Pedersen , J.F. 1991 . Describing and quantifying growth stages of perennial forage grasses . Agronomy Journal , 83 : 1073 – 77 .
  • Morrison , I.M. 1980 . Changes in the lignin and hemicellulose concentrations of ten varieties of temperate grasses with increasing maturity . Grass and Forage Science , 35 : 287 – 293 .
  • Muck , R.E. , O'Kiely , P. and Wilson , R.K. 1991 . Buffering capacities in permanent pasture grasses . Irish Journal of Agricultural Research , 30 : 129 – 141 .
  • Murphy , J.D. and Power , N.M. 2009 . An argument for using biomethane generated from grass as a biofuel in Ireland . Biomass and Bioenergy , 33 : 504 – 512 .
  • Murphy , J.D. , Braun , R. , Weiland , P. & Wellinger , A. 2011 . Biogas from crop digestion. Task 37 – Energy from Biogas , ( Paris: IEA Bioenergy )
  • Nowakowski , T.Z. 1962 . Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble carbohydrate contents of grass . Journal of Agricultural Science , 59 : 387 – 392 .
  • Ohlsson , C. and Wedin , W.F. 1989 . Phenological staging schemes for predicting red clover quality . Crop Science , 29 : 416 – 420 .
  • O'Kiely , P. , O'Riordan , E.G. and Maloney , A.P. 1997 . Grass ensilability indices as affected by the form and rate of inorganic nitrogen fertiliser and the duration to harvesting . Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research , 36 : 93
  • Peeters , A. , Parente , G. & Le Gall , A. 2006 . Temperate legumes: key-species for sustainable temperate mixtures . In Grassland Science in Europe, 11. Proceedings of the 21st General Meeting of the EGF: Sustainable Grassland Productivity , Badajoz , Spain , pp. 205 – 220 .
  • Penning de Vries , F.W.T. , Wiltage , J.M. and Kramer , D. 1979 . Rates of respiration and of increase in structural DM in young wheat, ryegrass and maize plants in relation to temperature, water stress and their sugar content . Annals of Botany , 44 : 595 – 609 .
  • Peyraud , J.L. , Le Gall , A. and Luscher , A. 2009 . Potential food production from forage legume-based-systems in Europe: An overview . Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research , 48 : 115 – 135 .
  • Playne , M.J. and McDonald , P. 1966 . The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 17 : 264 – 268 .
  • Prochnow , A. , Heiermann , M. , Plöchl , M. , Linke , B. , Idler , C. , Amon , T. and Hobbs , P.J. 2009 . Bioenergy from permanent grassland – a review: 1. Biogas . Bioresource Technology , 100 : 4931 – 4944 .
  • Reid , D. 1970 . The effects of a wide range of nitrogen application rates on the yields from a perennial ryegrass sward with a without white clover . Journal of Agricultural Science , 74 : 227 – 240 .
  • Reid , D. 1985 . A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates . Journal of Agricultural Science , 105 : 381 – 387 .
  • SAS 2004 . SAS for windows, Version 9.1.2 . ( Cary , NC : Statistical Analysis System, Institute Inc ).
  • Smit , H.J. , Metzger , M.J. and Ewert , F. 2008 . Spatial distribution of grassland productivity and land use in Europe . Agricultural Systems , 98 : 208 – 219 .
  • Stakelum , G. & Dillon , P. 1990 . Influence of sward structure and digestibility on the intake and performance of lactating and growing cattle . In C.S. Mayne Management Issues for the Grassland Farmer in the 1990's: Occasional Symposium no. 25 . British Grassland Society, Warwickshire, pp. 30 – 42 .
  • Thomas , T.A. 1977 . An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 28 : 639 – 642 .
  • Tilley , J.M.A. and Terry , R.A. 1963 . A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops . Journal of the British Grassland Society , 18 : 104 – 111 .
  • Travers , G. 1999 . Nitrogen dynamics in grass and grass/clover swards grazed by beef cattle . PhD thesis, The Queens University of Belfast, Belfast .
  • Tremblay , G.F. , Bélanger , G. and Drapeau , R. 2005 . Nitrogen fertilizer application and developmental stage affect silage quality of timothy (Phleum pratense l.) . Grass and Forage Science , 60 : 337 – 355 .
  • Valk , H. , Kappers , I.E. and Tamminga , S. 1996 . In sacco degradation characteristics of organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein of fresh grass fertilized with different amounts of nitrogen . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 63 : 63 – 87 .
  • Van Soest , P.J. 1963 . Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin . Journal – Association of Official Analytical Chemists , 46 : 829 – 835 .
  • Van Soest , P.J. 1994 . Nutritional ecology of the ruminant , 2nd ed , Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
  • Weldon , B. & O'Kiely , P. 2011 . Red clover: A promising pasture legume for Ireland . In : Proceedings of the Irish Agricultural Research Forum . Tullamore , Ireland , 82 .
  • Whitehead , D.C. 1995 . Grassland Nitrogen , UK : CAB INTERNATIONAL .
  • Wilkins , P.W. and Humphreys , M.O. 2003 . Progress in breeding perennial forage grasses for temperate agriculture . The Journal of Agricultural Science , 40 : 129 – 150 .
  • Wilman , D. and Wright , P.T. 1983 . Some effects of applied nitrogen on the growth and chemical composition of temperate grasses . Herbage Abstracts , 53 : 387 – 393 .
  • Wilson , R.K. and Collins , D.P. 1980 . Chemical composition of silages made from different grass genera . Irish Journal of Agricultural Research , 19 : 75 – 84 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.