Comparative efficacy of cucurbitacin phytonematicides and Velum on growth and fruit quality of watermelon cultivar ‘Congo’ and suppression of Meloidogyne enterolobii under field conditions

References

• Blaxter ML. 2004. The promise of a DNA taxonomy. Philos Trans Royal Soc B Biol Sci. 359:669–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo P, Castagnone-Sereno P. 2020. Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara carpod tree root-Knot nematode). Invasive species compendium. Wallingford: CABI. doi:10.1079/ISC.33238.20210200738
   Google Scholar
• Chen JC, Chiu MH, Nie RL, Cordel GA, Qiu SX. 2005. Cucurbitacins and cucurbitane glycosides. Structures and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep. 22:386–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiuta NE. 2021. Influence of pre-infectional and post-infectional nematode resistance mechanisms in crop rotation sequences on population densities of Meloidogyne species and soil health [PhD thesis]. Sovenga: University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Collet. 2020. A comparative study of the development and reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii and other thermophilic South African Meloidogyne species [MSc dissertation]. Potchefstroom: North West University.
   Google Scholar
• D’Addabbo T, Carbonara T, Leonetti P, Radicci V, Tava A, Avato P. 2010. Control of plant parasitic nematodes with active saponins and biomass from Medicago sativa. Phytochem Rev. 10:969–985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube ZP. 2016. Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides: bioactivities in Meloidogyne incognita, tomato crop, soil type and organic matter [PhD thesis]. Sovenga, University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Essumang DK, Eshun A, Hogarh JN, Bentum JK, Adjei JK, Negishi J, Nakamichi S, Md H-A-M, Masunaga S. 2017. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the Pra and Kakum River basins and associated tap water in Ghana. Sci Total Environ. 579:729–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R, Abebe E, Papert A, Blaxter M. 2002. Molecular barcodes for soil nematode identification. Mol Ecol. 11:839–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S. 2012. Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians. Intl J Endocrin and Metabol. 10:486–489.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman LR, Beller M, Jackson RJ. 1990. Aldicarb food poisonings in California, 1985–1988: toxicity estimates for humans. Arch Environ Health. 45:141–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JB, Case VW. 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples. In: Westerman R.I., editor. Soil testing and plant analysis, book series no. 3. Madison: Soil Science Society of America; p. 389–427.
   Google Scholar
• Kleynhans KPN, Van den Berg E, Swart A, Marais M, Buckley NH. 1996. Plant nematode in South Africa. Handbook No.8. Pretoria: Plant Protection Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Liu B, Ren J, Zhang Y, An J, Chen M, Chen H, Xu C, Ren H. 2015. A new grafted rootstock against root-knot nematode for cucumber, melon and watermelon. Agron for Sust Develop. 35:251–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maake MV. 2018. Interactive effects of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides on growth and foliar nutrient elements of tomato cultivar ‘HTX14’ plants [MSc dissertation]. Sovenga, University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Maleka KG. 2021. Interactive effects of Meloidogyne species and sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) on nematode resistance in sweet stem sorghum and effects of terpenoid-containing phytonematicides on both pests [PhD thesis]. Sovenga, University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Marais M, Swart A, Fourie H, Berry SD, Knoetze R, Malan AP. 2017. Techniques and procedures. In: Fourie H, Spaull VW, Jones RK, Daneel MS, De Waele D, editor. Nematology in South Africa: A view from the 21st century. Switzerland: Springer; p. 73–117.
   Google Scholar
• Mashela PW. 2002. Ground wild cucumber fruits suppress numbers of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in micro-plots. Nematropica. 32:13–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashela PW. 2014. Soil allelochemical residue effects in a tomato cowpea rotation – nodulation and productivity of cowpea and nematode suppression. Acta Agric Scand Section B Soil Plant Sci. 64:372–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashela PW, De Waele D, Dube Z, Khosa MC, Pofu KM, Tefu G, Daneel MS, Fourie H. 2017. Alternative nematode management strategies. In: Fourie H, Spaull VW, Jones RK, Daneel MS, De Waele D, editor. Nematology in South Africa: a view from the 21st century. Switzerland: Springer; p. 151–181.
   Google Scholar
• Mashela PW, Pofu KM. 2016. Sweet stem sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for ethanol production in areas with Meloidogyne species. Trans Rev. 7:898–904.
   Google Scholar
• Mashela PW, Pofu KM. 2017. Influence of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides on selected nutrient elements in leaf tissues of green bean under greenhouse conditions. Acta Agric Scand Sect B Soil Plant Sci. 67:743–747.
   Google Scholar
• Mashela PW, Shimelis HA, Mudau FN. 2008. Comparison of the efficacy of ground wild cucumber fruits, aldicarb and fenaminphos on suppression of the root-knot nematode on tomato. J Phytopathol. 156:264–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashela PW, Shokoohi E. 2021. Morphometric and total protein responses in Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. Sci Rep. 11:1135–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nhlane RN. 2017. Influence of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides on growth, yield and foliar nutrient elements in watermelon production [M. Agric. Dissertation]. Sovenga, Univerisity of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Philbrick AN, Adhikari TB, Louws FJ, Corny AM. 2020. Meloidogyne enterolobii, a major threat to tomato production: current status and future prospects for its management. Front Plant Sci. 11:606395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pofu KM, Mashela PW, Shimelis H. 2012. Intergeneric grafting in watermelon for managing Meloidogyne species: a review. Sci Res Ess. 7:107–113.
   Google Scholar
• Powers TO. 2004. Nematode molecular diagnostics: from bands to barcodes. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 42:367–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seshweni MD. 2017. Integrated system for the management of Meloidogyne javanica in potato production [Master Dissertation]. Sovenga, University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Shadung KG. 2016. Quality protocols for Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides and potential chemical residues in tomato fruits [PhD Thesis] Sovenga, University of Limpopo.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro SS, Wilk MB. 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 52:591–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor AL, Sasser JN. 1978. Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Raleigh: North Carolina State University Press. pp. 111
   Google Scholar
• Thies JA, Kousik S, Hassel R. 2009. Evaluation of rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes in grafted watermelon. National Watermelon Research Project. Charleston SC: USDA.
   Google Scholar
• Thies JA, Levi A. 2007. Characteristics of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. Citroides) germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematode. HortSci. 42:1530–1533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gundy SD. 1987. Perspectives on nematology research. In: Veech JA, Dickson DW, editor. Vistas on nematology: a commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the society of nematologists. Hyattsville, MD: Society of Nematologists, Inc; p. 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gundy SD, Mc Kenry MV. 1975. Action of nematicides. In: Horsfall JG, Cowli EB, editor. Plant disease Vol. 1: an advanced treatise. New York: Academic Press; p. 263–306.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wyk BE, Wink M. 2004. Medicinal plants of the world. Pretoria: Briza.
   Google Scholar
• Yang B, Eisenback JD. 1983. Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing pacara earpod tree in China. J Nematol. 5:381–391.
   Google Scholar
• Zygmunt B, Namiesnik J. 2003. Preparation of samples of plant material for chromatographic analysis. J Chrom Sci. 39(10):109–116.
   Google Scholar