REFERENCES
- Årdal , G. , & Hammar , Å. ( 2010 ). Is impairment in cognitive inhibition in the acute phase of major depression irreversible? Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 84 ( 2 ), 141 – 150 .
- Biringer , E. , Lundervold , A. , Stordal , K. , Mykletun , A. , Egeland , J. , Bottlender , R. , & Lund , A. ( 2005 ). Executive function improvement upon remission of recurrent unipolar depression . European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience , 255 , 373 – 380 .
- Bourke , C. , Douglas , K. , & Porter , R. ( 2010 ). Processing of facial emotion expression in major depression: A review . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 44 , 681 – 696 .
- Cipriani , A. , Barbui , C. , & Geddes , J. R. ( 2005 ). Suicide, depression, and antidepressants . British Medical Journal , 330 , 373 – 374 .
- Compton , R. J. ( 2003 ). The interface between emotion and attention: A review of evidence from psychology and neuroscience . Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews , 2 , 115 – 129 . doi: 10.1177/1534582303002002003.
- Egner , T. , Etkin , A. , Gale , S. , & Hirsch , J. ( 2008 ). Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distractors . Cerebral Cortex , 18 , 1475 – 1484 . doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhmi79
- Eizenman , M. , Yu , L. H. , Grupp , L. , Eizenman , E. , Ellenbogen , M. , Gemar , M. , & Levitan , R. D. ( 2003 ). A naturalistic visual scanning approach to assess selective attention in major depressive disorder . Psychiatry Research , 118 , 117 – 128 .
- Ekman , P. , Friesen , N. , & Hager , J. C. ( 2002 ). The facial acting coding system . Salt Lake City , Utah : A Human Face .
- Elliott , R. , Zahn , R. , Deakin , J. F. W. , & Anderson , I. M. ( 2010 ). Affective cognition and its disruption in mood disorders . Neuropsychopharmacology , 36 , 135 – 182 .
- Fritzsche , A. , Dahme , B. , Gotlib , I. H. , Joorman , J. , Magnussen , H. , Watz , H., … von Leupoldt , A. (2010). Specificity of cognitive biases in patients with current depression and remitted depression and in patients with asthma. Psychological Medicine , 40, 815–826. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709990948.
- Gotlib , I. H. , & Cane , D. B. ( 1987 ). Construct accessability and clinical depression: A longitudinal investigation . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 96 , 199 – 204 .
- Gotlib , I. H. , Krasnoperova , E. , Yue , D. N. , & Joorman , J. ( 2004 ). Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 113 , 127 – 135 .
- Gotlib , I. H. , & McCann , C. D. ( 1984 ). Contruct accessability and depression: An examination of of cognitive and affective factors . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 47 , 427 – 439 .
- Hamilton , M. ( 1967 ). Development of a rating scale for depression . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 6 , 278 – 296 .
- Hammar , Å. , Sørensen , L. , Årdal , G. , Oedegaard , K. J. , Kroken , R. , Roness , A. , & Lund , A. ( 2010 ). Enduring cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: A test–retest study using the Stroop paradigm . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 51 , 304 – 308 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00765.x
- Hammar , Å. , Strand , M. , Ardal , G. , Schmid , M. , Lund , A. , & Elliott , R. ( 2011 ). Testing the cognitive effort hypothesis of cognitive impairment in major depression . Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , 65 ( 1 ), 74 – 80 .
- Harvey , P. O. , Le Bastard , G. , Pochon , J. B. , Levy , R. , Allilaire , J. F. , Dubois , B. , & Fossati , P. ( 2004 ). Executive function and updating of the content of working memory in unipolar depression . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 38 , 567 – 576 .
- Johnson , S. L. , Joorman , J. , & Gotlib , I. H. ( 2007 ). Does processing of emotional stimuli predict symptomatic improvement and diagnostic recovery from major depression? Emotion , 7 ( 1 ), 201 – 206 . doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.201
- Joorman , J. , & Gotlib , I. H. ( 2007 ). Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 116 , 80 – 85 .
- Karparova , S. P. , Kersting , A. , & Suslow , T. ( 2005 ). Disengagement of attention from facial emotion in unipolar depression . Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 59 , 723 – 729 .
- Karparova , S. P. , Kersting , A. , & Suslow , T. ( 2007 ). Deployment of attention in clinical depression during symptom remission . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 48 , 1 – 5 .
- Kessler , R. C. ( 2002 ). Epidemiology of depression . In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 23 – 42 ). New York , NY : Guilford Press .
- Kessler , R. C. , Berglund , P. , Demler , O. , Jin , R. , Merikangas , K. R. , & Walters , E. E. ( 2005 ). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication . Archives of General Psychiatry , 62 , 593 – 602 .
- Langenecker , S. A. , Bieliauskas , L. A. , Rapport , L. J. , Zubieta , J.-K. , Wilde , E. A. , & Berent , S. ( 2005 ). Face emotion perception and executive functioning deficits in depression . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 27 , 320 – 333 .
- Leiknes , K. A. , Leganger , S. , Malt , E. A. , & Malt , U. ( 1999 ). Mini internasjonalt neuropsykiatrisk intervju [Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Norwegian version]. Oslo, Norway: Institute of Medical Behavioral Medicine, University of Oslo.
- LeMoult , J. , Joorman , J. , Sherdell , L. , Wright , Y. , & Gotlib , I. H. ( 2009 ). Identification of emotional facial expressions following recovery from depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 118 , 828 – 833 . doi: 10.1037/a0016944
- Leppänen , J. M. , Milders , M. , Bell , J. S. , Terriere , E. , & Hietanen , J. K. ( 2004 ). Depression biases the recognition of emotionally neutral faces . Psychiatry Research , 128 , 123 – 133 .
- Mayberg , H. S. ( 1997 ). Limbic-cortical dysregulation: A proposed model of depression . Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences , 9 ( 3 ), 471 – 481 .
- Mitterschiffthaler , M. T. , Williams , S. C. R. , Walsh , N. D. , Cleare , A. J. , Donaldson , C. , Scott , J., … , Fu , C. H. Y. ( 2008 ). Neural basis of the emotional Stroop interference effect in major depression . Psychological Medicine , 38 , 247 – 257 . doi: 10.1017/S0033291707001523
- Mogg , K. , & Bradley , B. P. ( 2005 ). Attentional biases in generalized anxiety disorder versus depressive disorder . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 29 ( 1 ), 29 – 45 . doi: 10.1007/s10608-005-1646-y.
- Montgomery , S. A. , & Åsberg , M. ( 1979 ). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change . British Journal of Psychiatry , 134 , 382 – 389 .
- Murphy , J. M. , Laird , N. M. , Monson , R. R. , Sobol , A. M. , & Leighton , A. H. ( 2000 ). 40-year perspective on the prevalence of depression. The Stirling County Study . Archives of General Psychiatry , 57 , 209 – 215 .
- Nakano , Y. , Baba , H. , Maeshima , H. , Kitajima , A. , Sakai , Y. , Baba , K. , … Arai , H. ( 2008 ). Executive dysfunction in medicated, remitted state of major depression . Journal of Affective Disorders , 111 , 46 – 51 . doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.027
- Nolen-Hoeksema , S. ( 1991 ). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 100 , 569 – 582 .
- Paelecke-Habermann , Y. , Pohl , J. , & Leplow , B. ( 2005 ). Attention and executive functions in remitted major depression patients . Journal of Affective Disorders , 89 , 125 – 135 .
- Pessoa , L. ( 2005 ). To what extent are emotional visual stimuli processed without attention and awareness? Current Opinion in Neurobiology , 15 , 188 – 196 .
- Phaf , R. H. , & Kan , K.-J. ( 2007 ). The automaticity of emotional Stroop: A meta-analysis . Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 38 , 184 – 199 .
- Phillips , M. L. , Drevets , W. C. , Rauch , S. L. , & Lane , R. ( 2003 ). Neurobiology of emotion perception. I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception . Biological Psychiatry , 54 , 504 – 514 .
- Pincus , H. A. , Hough , L. , Houtsinger , J. K. , Rollman , B. L. , & Frank , R. G. ( 2003 ). Emerging models of depression care: Multi-level (‘6 P’) strategies . International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research , 12 ( 1 ), 54 – 63 .
- Ressler , K. J. , & Mayberg , H. S. ( 2007 ). Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: From the laboratory to the clinic . Nature Neuroscience , 10 , 1116 – 1124 .
- Schmid , M. , Strand , M. , Årdal , G. , Lund , A. , & Hammar , Å. ( 2011 ). Prolonged impairment in inhibition and semantic fluency in a follow-up study of recurrent major depression . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 26 ( 7 ), 677 – 686 . doi: 10.1093/arclin/arc048
- Segal , Z. V. , Truchon , C. , Horowitz , L. M. , Gemar , M. , & Guirguis , M. ( 1995 ). A priming methodology for studying self-representation in major depressive disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 104 , 205 – 213 .
- Segal , Z. V. , & Vella , D. D. ( 1990 ). Self-schema in major depression: Replication and extension of a priming methodology . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 14 , 161 – 176 .
- Shane , M. S. , & Peterson , J. B. ( 2007 ). An evaluation of early and late stage attentional processing of positive and negative information in dysphoria . Cognition and Emotion , 21 ( 4 ), 789 – 815 .
- Snedecor , G. W. , & Cochran , W. G. ( 1980 ). Statistical methods ( ) , 7th ed. . Ames , Iowa : Iowa State University Press .
- Stenberg , G. , Wiking , S. , & Dahl , M. ( 1998 ). Judging words at face value: Interference in a word processing task reveals automatic processing of affective facial expressions . Cognition and Emotion , 12 ( 6 ), 755 – 782 .
- Stordal , K. I. , Mykletun , A. , Asbjørnsen , A. , Egeland , J. , Landrø , N. I. , Roness , A. , … Lund , A. (2005). General psychopathology is more important for executive functioning than diagnosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 111, 22–28.
- Stroop , J. R. ( 1935 ). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 18 , 643 – 662 .
- Stroop , J. R. ( 2004 ). Studies of interference in central verbal reactions . In D. A. Balota & E. J. Marsh (Eds.), Cognitive psychology (pp. 193 – 203 ). New York , NY : Psychology Press .
- Surguladze , S. A. , Senior , C. , Young , A. W. , Brébion , G. , Travis , M. J. , & Phillips , M. L. ( 2004 ). Recognition accuracy and response bias to happy and sad facial expressions in patients with major depression . Neuropsychology , 18 ( 2 ), 212 – 218 .
- Suslow , T. , Dannlowski , U. , Lalee-Mentzel , J. , Donges , U.-S. , Arolt , V. , & Kersting , A. ( 2004 ). Spatial processing of facial emotion in patients with unipolar depression: A longitudinal study . Journal of Affective Disorders , 83 , 59 – 63 .
- Victor , T. A. , Furey , M. L. , Fromm , S. J. , Öhman , A. , & Drevets , W. C. ( 2010 ). Relationship between amygdala responses to masked faces and mood state and treatment in major depressive disorder . Archives of General Psychiatry , 67 ( 11 ), 1128 – 1138 .
- Williams , J. M. G. , Mathews , A. , & MacLeod , C. ( 1996 ). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology . Psychological Bulletin , 120 ( 1 ), 3 – 24 .
- Yiend , J. ( 2010 ). The effects of emotion on attention: A review of attentional processing of emotional information . Cognition and Emotion , 24 , 3 – 47 . doi: 10.1080/02699930903205698.
- Young , A. , Perrett , D. , Calder , A. , Sprengelmeyer , R. , & Ekman , P. ( 2002 ). Facial Expression of Emotion: Stimuli and Tests (FEEST) . Bury St. Edmunds , UK : Thames Valley Test Company . http://pearsonassessmentsupport.com/support/index.php?View=entry&EntryID=825