Neuropsychological Impairments in Anorexia Nervosa: A Spanish Sample Pilot Study

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . ( 2002 ). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders] ( , 4th ed. , text rev. ). Barcelona , Spain : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Andres , S. , Lozano , E. , Puig , O. , Lera , S. , Lázaro , L. , & Castro-Fornieles , J. ( 2008 ). Cognitive performance in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Subgroups in relation to neuropsychological impairment . European Neuropharmacology , 18 , 283 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayless , J. D. , Kanz , J. E. , Moser , D. J. , McDowell , B. D. , Bowers , W. A. , Andersen , A. E. , & Paulsen , J. S. ( 2002 ). Neuropsychological characteristics of patients in a hospital-based eating disorder program . Annals of Clinical Psychiatry , 14 , 203 – 207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benedet , M. , & Alejandre , M. ( 1998 ). TAVEC: Test de aprendizaje verbal España-Complutense . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Castro-Fornieles , J. , Bargalló , N. , Lázaro , L. , Andrés , S. , Falcon , C. , Plana , M. T. , & Junqué , C. ( 2007 ). Adolescent anorexia nervosa: Cross-sectional and follow-up frontal gray matter disturbances detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy . Journal of Psychiatry Research , 41 , 952 – 958 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavedini , P. , Bassi , T. , Ubbiali , A. , Casolari , A. , Giordani , S. , Zorzi , C. , & Bellodi , L. ( 2004 ). Neuropsychological investigation of decision-making in anorexia nervosa . Psychiatry Research , 127 , 259 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury , U. , Gordon , I. , Lask , B. , Watkins , B. , Watt , H. , & Christie , D. ( 2003 ). Early-onset anorexia nervosa: Is there evidence of limbic system imbalance? International Journal of Eating Disorders , 33 , 388 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chui , H. T. , Christensen , B. K. , Zipursky , R. B. , Richards , B. A. , Hanratty , M. K. , Kabani , N. J. , … Katzman , D. K. ( 2008 ). Cognitive function and brain structure in females with a history of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa . Pediatrics , 122 , 426 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connan , F. , Murphy , F. , Connor , S. E. J. , Rich , P. , Murphy , T. , Bara-Carill , N. , … Treasure , J. ( 2006 ). Hippocampal volume and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 146 , 117 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne , V. , Goldman , S. , Biver , F. , De Maertalaer , V. , Wikler , D. , Damhaut , P. , & Lotstra , F. ( 1997 ). Brain hypometabolism of glucose in low-weight depressed patients and in anorexic patients: A consequence of starvation? Journal of Affective Disorders , 44 , 69 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne , V. , Goldman , S. , De Maertelaer , V. , & Lotstra , F. ( 1999 ). Brain glucose metabolism in eating disorders assessed by positron emission tomography . The International Journal of Eating Disorders , 25 , 29 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne , V. , Goldman , S. , De Maertelaer , V. , Simon , Y. , Luxen , A. , & Lotstra , F. ( 1996 ). Brain hypometabolism of glucose in anorexia nervosa: Normalization after weight gain . Biological Psychiatry , 40 , 761 – 768 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne , V. , Goldman , S. , De Maertelaer , V. , Wikler , D. , Damhaut , P. , & Lotstra , F. ( 1997 ). Brain glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa and affective disorders: Influence of weight loss or depressive symptomatology . Psychiatry Research , 74 , 83 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne , V. , Lotstra , F. , Goldman , S. , Biver , F. , De Maertelaer , V. , Appelboom-Fondu , J. , … Mendelwicz , J. ( 1995 ). Brain hypometabolism of glucose in anorexia nervosa: A PET scan study . Biological Psychiatry , 37 , 161 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson , H. , Brooks , S. , Uher , R. , Tchanturia , K. , Treasure , J. , & Campbell , I. C. ( 2008 ). The inability to ignore: Distractibility in women with restricting anorexia nervosa . Psychological Medicine , 38 , 1741 – 1748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler , L. , Blackwell , A. , Jaffa , A. , Palmer , R. , Robbins , T. W. , Sahakian , B. J. , & Dowson , J. H. ( 2006 ). Profile of neurocognitive impairments associated with female in-patients with anorexia nervosa . Psychological Medicine , 36 , 517 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frampton , I. , Watkins , B. , Gordon , I. , & Lask , B. ( 2011 ). Do abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow in anorexia nervosa resolve after weight restoration? European Eating Disorders Review , 19 , 55 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , G. K. , Bailer , U. F. , Meltzer , C. C. , Price , J. C. , Mathis , C. A. , Wagner , A. , … Kaye , W. H. ( 2007 ). Regional cerebral blood flow after recovery from anorexia or bulimia nervosa . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 40 , 488 – 492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillberg , I. C. , Rastam , M. , Wentz , E. , & Gillberg , C. ( 2007 ). Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 , 170 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden , C. J. ( 2005 ). Test de colores y palabras (Stroop) [The Colors and Words Test] . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Golden , N. H. , Ashtari , M. , Kohn , M. R. , Patel , M. , Jacobson , M. S. , Fletcher , A. , & Shenker , I. R. ( 1995 ). Reversibility of cerebral ventricular enlargement in anorexia nervosa, demonstrated by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging . The Journal of Pediatrics , 128 , 296 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden , N. H. , Katzman , D. K. , Kreipe , R. E. , Stevens , S. L. , Sawyer , S. M. , Rees , J. , … Rome , E. S. ( 2003 ). Eating disorders in adolescents: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine . Journal of Adolescent Health , 33 , 496 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , I. , Lask , B. , Bryant-Waugh , R. , Christie , D. , & Timimi , S. ( 1998 ). Childhood-onset anorexia nervosa: Towards identifying a biological substrate . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 22 , 159 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , M. , Wakeling , A. , Elliman , N. A. , & Rogers , P. J. ( 1998 ). Impaired colour-naming of clinically salient words as a measure of recovery in anorexia nervosa . Behavior Therapy , 26 , 53 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Grunwald , M. , Ettrich , C. , Krause , W. , Assmann , B. , Dähne , A. , Weiss , T. , & Gertz , H. J. (2001). Haptic perception in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 23, 520–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillaume , S. , Ngo Ton Sang , C. , Jaussent , I. , Raingeard , I. , Bringer , J. , Jollant , F. , & Courtet , P. ( 2010 ). Is decision making really impaired in eating disorders? Neuropsychology , 24 , 808 – 812 . doi: 10.1037/a0019806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haaland , V. O. , & Landro , N. I. ( 2007 ). Decision making as measured with the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with borderline personality disorder . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 13 , 699 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halmi , K. A. , Sunday , S. R. , Klump , K. L. , Strober , M. , Leckman , J. F. , Fichter , M. , … Kaye , W. H. ( 2003 ). Obsessions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes . The International Journal of Eating Disorders , 33 , 308 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamsher , K. S. , Halmi , K. A. , & Benton , A. L. ( 1981 ). Prediction of outcome in anorexia nervosa from neuropsychological status . Psychiatry Research , 4 ( 1 ), 79 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holliday , J. , Tchanturia , K. , Landau , S. , Collier , D. A. , & Treasure , J. ( 2005 ). Is impaired set-shifting an endophenotype of anorexia nervosa? American Journal of Psychiatry , 162 , 2269 – 2275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman , A. S. , & Kaufman , N. L. ( 2006 ). K-BIT: Test breve de inteligencia [K-BIT: Kaufman-Brief Intelligence Test] . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Kemps , E. , Tiggemann , M. , Wade , T. , Ben-Tovim , D. , & Breyer , R. ( 2006 ). Selective working memory deficits in anorexia nervosa . European Eating Disorders Review , 14 , 97 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingston , K. , Szmukler , G. , Andrewes , D. , Tress , B. , & Desmond , P. ( 1996 ). Neuropsychological and structural brain changes in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding . Psychological Medicine , 26 , 15 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsbourne , M. , & Bemporad , J. R. ( 1984 ). Lateralization of emotion: A model and the evidence . In A. Fox & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The psychobiology of affective development (pp. 259 – 291 ). Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Kojima , S. , Nagai , N. , Nakabeppu , Y. , Muranaga , T. , Deguchi , D. , Nakajo , M. , … Naruo , T. ( 2005 ). Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain . Psychiatry Research , 140 , 251 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laessle , R. G. , Krieg , J. C. , Fichter , M. M. , & Pirke , K. M. ( 1989 ). Cerebral atrophy and vigilance performance in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa . Neuropsychobiology , 21 , 187 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer , C. J. , Gorzewski , B. , Gerlinghoff , M. , Backmund , H. , & Zihl , J. ( 1999 ). Neuropsychological assessments before and after treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 33 , 129 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez , C. , Roberts , M. E. , Tchanturia , K. , & Treasure , J. ( 2008 ). Using neuropsychological feedback therapeutically in treatment for anorexia nervosa: Two illustrative case reports . European Eating Disorders Review , 16 , 411 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez , C. , Tchanturia , K. , Stahl , D. , & Treasure , J. ( 2008 ). Central coherence in eating disorders: A systematic review . Psychological Medicine , 38 , 1393 – 1404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Villalobos , J. A. , Serrano-Pintado , I. , Andrés-De Llano , J. M. , Delgado Sánchez-Mateos , J. , Alberola-López , S. , & Sánchez-Azón , M. I. ( 2010 ). Utilidad del test de Stroop en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad [Utility of the Stroop test in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder] . Revista de Neurología , 50 , 333 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainz , V. , Schulte-Rüther , M. , Fink , G. R. , Herpertz-Dahlmann , B. , & Konrad , K. ( 2012 ). Structural brain abnormalities in adolescent anorexia nervosa before and after weight recovery and associated hormonal changes . Psychosomatic Medicine , 74 , 574 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAnarney , E. R. , Zarcone , J. , Singh , P. , Michaels , J. , Welsh , S. , Litteer , T. , … Klein , J. D. ( 2011 ). Restrictive anorexia nervosa and set-shifting in adolescents: A behavioral interface . Journal of Adolescent Health , 49 , 99 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikos , A. E. , McDowell , B. D. , Moser , D. J. , Bayless , J. D. , Bowers , W. A. , Andersen , A. E. , & Paulsen , J. S. ( 2008 ). Stability of neuropsychological performance in anorexia nervosa . Annals of Clinical Psychiatry , 20 , 9 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , K. K. , Deckersbach , T. , Rauch , S. L. , Fischman , A. J. , Grieco , K. A. , Herzog , D. B. , & Klibanski , A. ( 2004 ). Testosterone administration attenuates regional brain hypometabolism in women with anorexia nervosa . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 132 , 197 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narum , S. R. ( 2006 ). Beyond Bonferroni: Less conservative analyses for conservation genetics . Conservation Genetics , 7 , 783 – 787 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naruo , T. , Nakabeppu , Y. , Deguchi , D. , Nagai , N. , Tsutsui , J. , Nakajo , M. , & Nozoe , S. ( 2001 ). Decreases in blood perfusion of the anterior cingulate gyri in anorexia nervosa restricters assessed by SPECT image analysis . BMC Psychiatry , 1 , 2 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nozoe , S. , Naruo , T. , Nakabeppu , Y. , Soejima , Y. , Nakajo , M. , & Tanaka , H. ( 1993 ). Changes in regional cerebral blood flow in patients with anorexia nervosa detected through single photon emission tomography imaging . Biological Psychiatry , 34 , 578 – 580 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nozoe , S. , Naruo , T. , Yonekura , R. , Nakabeppu , Y. , Soejima , Y. , Nagai , N. , … Tanaka , H. ( 1995 ). Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders . Brain Research Bulletin , 36 , 251 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oltra-Cucarella , J. ( 2013 ). Enhancing memory rehabilitation: New approaches for clinicians . In F. Metzger (Ed.), Neuropsychology: New research (pp. 79 – 100 ). New York , NY : Nova Science .
   Google Scholar
• Oltra-Cucarella , J. , Espert Tortajada , R. , & Rojo Moreno , L. ( 2012 ). Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and radiological findings . Neurología , 27 , 504 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterrieth , P. A. ( 1944 ). Le test de copie d'une figure complex: Contribution a l'étude de la perception et de la mémoire [A complex figure copy test: Contributions for the study of perception and memory] . Archives de Psychologie , 30 , 286 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Pendleton-Jones , B. , Duncan , C. C. , Brouwers , P. , & Mirsky , A. F. ( 1991 ). Cognition in eating disorders . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 13 , 711 – 728 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perneger , T. V. ( 1998 ). What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments . British Medical Journal , 316 , 1236 – 1238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters , G. , Sabbe , B. , Hulstijn , W. , & Probst , M. ( 2003 ). Fast psychomotor functioning in underweight anorexia nervosa patients . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 37 , 501 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rastam , M. , Bjure , J. , Vestergren , E. , Uvebrant , P. , Gillberg , I. C. , Wents , E. , & Gillberg , C. ( 2001 ). Regional cerebral blood flow in weight-restored anorexia nervosa: A preliminary study . Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology , 43 , 239 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey , A. ( 1987 ). Test de copia de la figura compleja [The Complex Figure copy test] . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , M. E. , Tchanturia , K. , Stahl , D. , Southgate , L. , & Treasure , J. ( 2007 ). A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders . Psychological Medicine , 37 , 1075 – 1084 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles , R. , Varela , R. , Jurado , S. , & Páez , F. ( 2001 ). Versión mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas [Mexican version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties] . Revista Mexicana de Psicología , 8 , 211 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Cano , T. , Beato-Fernandez , L. , Garcia-Vilches , I. , Garcia-Vicente , A. , Poblete-Garcia , V. , & Soriano-Castrejon , A. ( 2009 ). Regional cerebral blood flow patterns of change following the own body image exposure in eating disorders: A longitudinal study . European Psychiatry , 24 , 275 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachdev , P. , Mondraty , N. , Wen , W. , & Gulliford , K. ( 2008 ). Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images: An fMRI study . Neuropsychologia , 46 , 2161 – 2168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador , J. , Mestas , L. , Gordillo , F. , Arana , J. M. , Meilán , J. J. , Pérez , E. , & Carro , J. (2010). Toma de decisiones en la anorexia nerviosa [Decision making in anorexia nervosa]. Revista de Neurología , 50, 703–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santel , S. , Baving , L. , Krauel , K. , Münte , T. F. , & Rotte , M. ( 2006 ). Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa: fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures . Brain Research , 1114 , 138 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz , J. , Navarro , M. E. , & Vázquez , C. ( 2003 ). Adaptación española del Inventario para la depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II): 1. Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes universitarios [Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): 1. Psychometric properties in university students] . Análisis y Modificación de Conducta , 29 , 239 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanz , J. , Perdigón , A. , & Vázquez , C. ( 2003 ). Adaptación española del Inventario para la depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II): 2. Propiedades psicométricas en población general [Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): 2. Psychometric properties in general population] . Clínica y Salud , 14 , 249 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Seed , J. A. , McCue , P. M. , Wesnes , K. A. , Dahabra , S. , & Young , A. H. ( 2002 ). Basal activity of the HPA axis and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa . International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology , 5 , 17 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard , L. D. , & Vernon , P. A. ( 2008 ). Intelligence and speed of information-processing: A review of 50 years of research . Personality and Individual Differences , 44 , 535 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small , A. , Madero , J. , Teagno , L. , & Ebert , M. ( 1983 ). Intellect, perceptual characteristics and weight gain in anorexia nervosa . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 39 , 780 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stedal , K. , Rose , M. , Frampton , I. , Landro , N. I. , & Lask , B. ( 2012 ). The neuropsychological profile of children, adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 27 , 329 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinglass , J. E. , Walsh , B. T. , & Stern , Y. ( 2006 ). Set shifting deficit in anorexia nervosa . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 12 , 431 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss , E. , Sherman , E. M. S. , & Spreen , O. ( 2006 ). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary () , 3rd. ed. . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Szmukler , G. I. , Andrewes , D. , Kingston , K. , Chen , L. , & Stargatt , R. S. ( 1992 ). Neuropsychological impairment in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 14 , 347 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Anderluh , M. B. , Morris , R. B. , Rabe-Hesketh , S. , Collier , D. A. , Sanchez , P. , & Treasure , J. L. ( 2004 ). Cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 10 , 513 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Campbell , I. C. , Morris , R. , & Treasure , J. ( 2005 ). Neuropsychological studies in anorexia nervosa . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 37 , 72 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Davies , H. , Lopez , C. , Schmidt , U. , Treasure , J. , & Wykes , T. ( 2008 ). Neuropsychological task performance before and after cognitive remediation in anorexia nervosa: A pilot case-series . Psychological Medicine , 38 , 1371 – 1373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Davies , H. , Roberts , M. , Harrison , A. , Nakazato , M. , Schmidt , U. , … Morris , R. ( 2012 ). Poor cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: Examining the evidence using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task . PLoS ONE , 7 , e28331 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Harrison , A. , Davies , H. , Roberts , M. , Oldershaw , A. , Nakazato , M. , … Treasure , J. ( 2011 ). Cognitive flexibility and clinical severity in eating disorders . PLoS ONE , 6 , e20462 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia , K. , Liao , P. , Uher , R. , Lawrence , N. , Treasure , J. , & Campbell , I. C. ( 2007 ). An investigation of decision making in anorexia nervosa using the Iowa Gambling Task and skin conductance measurements . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 13 , 635 – 641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uher , R. , Murphy , T. , Brammer , M. J. , Dalgleish , T. , Phillips , M. L. , Ng , V. W. , … Treasure , J. ( 2004 ). Medial prefrontal cortex activity associated with symptom provocation in eating disorders . The American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 ( 7 ), 1238 – 1246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kuyk , K. , Gerard , N. , Van Laere , K. , Casteels , C. , Pieters , G. , Gabriëls , L. , & Nuttin , B. ( 2009 ). Towards a neurocircuitry in anorexia nervosa: Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 43 , 1133 – 1145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. ( 1997 ). Escala de Memoria Wechsler para Adultos (WMS-III) [The Wechsler Memory Scale for adults] () , 3rd ed. . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. ( 1999 ). Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III) [The Wechsler Memory Scale for adults] () , 3rd ed. . Madrid , Spain : TEA Ediciones .
   Google Scholar