59
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Native grass, sedge and legume establishment and legume-grass competition at a coal mine in the Rocky Mountains of southeastern British Columbia

Pages 105-113 | Published online: 07 Jan 2011

References

  • Acharya , S.N. 1987 . Native grass breeding program at the Alberta Environmental Centre. Planning and Certification of Land Reclamation , April 16 – 17 , 1985 Edmonton Inn. Edmonton / Reclamation in the Eastern Slopes of Aiberta. September 25–26, 1986, Overlander Lodge, Hinton, Alberta Proceedings 1985 and 1986 Alberta Reclamation Conferences Alberta Chapter of the Canadian Land Reclamation Association, (C.B. Powter, R.J. Fessenden and D.G. Walker, Compilers). Edmonton, pp. 165–170 .
  • Allen , E.B. 1992 . Evaluating community–level processes to determine reclamation success . In J.C. Chambers & G.L. Wade (eds.) , Evaluating Reclamation Success The Ecological Considerations , p. 47 – 58 . United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report NE–164, Northeast Forest Experimental Station, Radnor .
  • Allen , O.N. , E.K. Allen . 1981 . The Leguminosae A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses and Nodulation . The University of Wisconsin Press , Madison . 812 pp.
  • Arpin , R.D. ( 1986 ). Commercial production of Rocky Mountain alpines . In J. Williams (ed.), Rocky Mountain Alpines Alpines 86 , p. 223 – 227 . American Rock Garden Society, Timber Press , Portland .
  • Bell , M.A.M. , D. Meidinger , 1977 . Native species their use in reclamation of disturbed lands. Reclamation of Lands Disturbed by Mining. Proceedings of the British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium. Technical and Research Committee , British Columbia Ministry of Mines and Petroleum Resources and the Mining Association of British Columbia . Victoria , pp. 143 – 158 .
  • Bell , M.A.M. , C.R. Smyth , 1988 . Native Legume Species for High Elevation Revegetation in the Rockies of British Columbia . Prepared for British Columbia Science Council by the Biology Department of the University of Victoria , Research Contract Numbers 80RC–11, 80RC–13, and 80RC–15 , Vancouver . 261 pp.
  • Billings , W.D. , H.A. Mooney , 1968 . The ecology of arctic and alpine plants . Biological Review , 43 , 481 – 529 .
  • Bonde , E.K. 1968 . Survival of seedlings of an alpine clover (Trifolium nanum Torr.). Ecology , 49 , 6 , 1193 – 1195 .
  • BP Canada Incorporated . 1980 . Alpine Fertilizer and Revegetation and Tailings Dyke Revegetation Trials. Sukunka Project. Results and Discussion After One Year of Trials –1980 . Techman Limited . Calgary . 36 pp.
  • Brink , V.C. 1980 . Use of native species in mine land reclamation. Reclamation of Lands Disturbed by Mining. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium, Technical Research Committee on Reclamation, Ministry of Energy , Mines and Petroleum Resources and Mining Association of British Columbia . Paper 1980–11. Victoria , pp. 231 – 240 .
  • Brink , V.C. , JR. Mackay , S. Freyman and D.G. Pearce . 1967 . Needle–ice and seedling establishment in southwestern British Columbia . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 47 , 135 – 139 .
  • Brockwell , J. , A. Diatloff , R.J. Roughley , R.A. Date , 1982 . Selection of Rhizobia for inoculants . In J. M. Vincent (ed.) , p. 173 – 191 , Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes. Academic Press , Sydney .
  • Brown , R.W. , R.S. Johnston , D.A. Johnson , 1978 . Rehabilitation of alpine tundra disturbances . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 33 , 4 , 154 – 160 .
  • Brown , R.W. , R.S. Johnston , B.Z. Richardson , E.E. Farmer . 1976 . Rehabilitation of alpine disturbances Beartooth Plateau, Montana . In R.H. Zuck & L.F. Brown (eds.). Proceedings High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 2. Information Series No. 21 , p. 58 – 73 . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Brown , R.W. , J.C. Chambers . 1990 . Reclamation practices in high–mountain ecosystems. Proceedings – Symposium on Whitebark Pine Ecosystems Ecology and Management of a High Mountain Resource , (W.C. Schmidt, Compiler). United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service. Intermountain Research Station General Technical Report INT–270 , Ogden , Utah . pp. 329 – 334 .
  • Carlson , J.R. 1986 . New developments in plant materials for high elevation . In M.A. Schuster and R.H. Zuck (eds.) Proceedings High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 7 ., p. 122 – 130 . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Information Series No. 58 . Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Chambers , J.C. 1987 . Disturbed Alpine Ecosystems Seedling Establishment of Early and Late Serai Dominant Species . Ph.D. Dissertation . Utah State University , Logan . Dissertation Abstracts . 159 pp.
  • Chambers , J.C. , R.W. Brown , B.D. Williams . 1994 . An evaluation of reclamation success on Idaho“s phosphate mines. Restoration Ecology , 2 , 1 , 4 – 16 .
  • Chambers , J.C. , J.A. MacMahon , R.W. Brown . 1988 . Seedling establishment in disturbed alpine ecosystems implications for revegetation . In W.R. Keammerer and L.F. Brown (eds.), Proceedings of the High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 8., Information Series 59, p. 173 – 191 . Water Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Chambers , J.C. , J.A. MacMahon R.W. Brown . 1990 . Alpine seedling establishment the influence of disturbance type. Ecology , 71 , 4 , 1323 – 1341 .
  • Chapin , F.S. III . 1983 . Patterns of nutrient absorption and use by plants from natural and man–modified environments. Disturbance and Ecosystems . In H.A. Mooney and M. Godron (eds.) , Ecological Studies 44 , p. 259 – 275 . Springer–Verlag Publishers , New York .
  • Cook , R.E. 1979 . Patterns of juvenile mortality and recruitment in plants . In D.T. Solbrig, S. Jain, G.B. Johnson and P.H. Raven (eds.) , Topics in Plant Population Biology , p. 207 – 223 . Columbia University Press , New York .
  • Copeland , L.O. M.B. McDonald . 1985 . Principles of Seed Science and Technology . Second Edition. Burgess Publishing Company , Minneapolis . 336 pp.
  • Currah , R.S. , M. van Dyk . 1986 . A survey of some perennial vascular plant species native to Alberta for occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi. Canadian Field Naturalist , 100 , 3 , 330 – 342 .
  • Darroch , B. 1993 . COl. Native Grasses for Land Reclamation in the East Slopes – Interim Progress Report for 1992 – 93. Prepared for the Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee , Canadian Parks Service and the Agricultural Research Institute by the Vegetation Branch, Alberta Environmental Centre , Vegreville . 43 pp.
  • Daubenmire , R. 1959 . A canopy–coverage method of vegetational analysis . Northwest Science , 33 , 1 , 43 – 65 . Day, R.W. and G.P. Quinn. 1989. Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology. Ecological Monographs, 59, 433–463 .
  • Densmore , R.V. 1992 . Succession on an Alaskan tundra disturbance with and without assisted revegetation with grass . Arctic and Alpine Research , 24 , 3 , 238 – 243 .
  • Densmore , R.V. , L. Dalle–Molle K.E. Holmes . 1989 . Restoration of alpine and subalpine plant communities in Denali National Park and Preserve , Alaska , USA . In H.G. Hughes and T.M. Bonnicksen (eds.), 1989 Annual Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration, p. 509–519. Society for Ecological Restoration, Madison .
  • DePuit , E.J. 1986 . Western revegetation in perspective past progress, present status and future needs . In M.A. Schuster and R.H. Zuck (eds.), Proceedings High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 7. , Colorado Water Resources Research Institute , Information Series 58 , p. 6 – 34 . Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado .
  • Errington , J.C. 1979 . Revegetation Studies in the Peace River Coal Block, 1978 . Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Inspection and Engineering Division . Paper 1979–3 . Victoria . 79 pp.
  • Evans , K.E. , G.P. Kershaw . 1989 . Productivity of agronomic and native plants under various fertilizer and seed application rates on a simulated transport corridor, Fort Norman, Northwest Territories . Proceedings of a Conference Reclamation, A Global Perspective. Volume 1. RRTAC 89–2, Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council , Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee , Edmonton , pp. 279 – 287 .
  • Fenner , M. 1985 . Seed Ecology . Chapman and Hall Publishers , New York . 151 pp.
  • Fenner , M. 1987 . Seedlings . New Phytologist , 106 , Supplement, 35 – 47 .
  • Fluäeler , R. , A. Hasler . 1990 . Native legumes of the Swiss Alps in high altitude revegetation research . In W.R. Meammerer and J. Todd (eds.), Proceedings High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 9., p. 288 . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Information Series No. 63, Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Guillaume , M. , W.A. Berg , J.T. Herron . 1986 . Performance of native and introduced species seven years after seeding on alpine disturbances . In M.A. Schuster and R.H. Zuck (eds.), Proceedings High–Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 7. , p. 131 – 141 . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Information Series No. 58 , Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Hardy BBT Limited . 1990 . Reclamation of Disturbed Alpine Lands A Literature Review. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council Report No. RRTAC 90– 7. Queens Printer, Edmonton . 209 pp.
  • Kenny , S.T. , R.L. Cuany . 1990 . Nitrogen accumulation and acetylene reduction activity of native lupines on disturbed mountain sites in Colorado . Journal of Range Management , 43 , 1 , 49 – 51 .
  • Klebesadel , L.J. 1971 . Native Alaskan legumes studied . Agroborealis , 3 , 1 , 9 – 11 .
  • Lacey , E.P. 1986 . Onset of reproduction in plants size– versus age–dependency . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 1 , 72 – 75 .
  • Limbird , A. , D. Headdon , 1989 . Surface mine reclamation learning from natural revegetation of abandoned mine spoils . The Operational Geographer , 7 , 1 , 15 – 20 .
  • Little , T.M. , F.J. Hills . 1978 . Agricultural Experimentation. Design and Analysis . John Wiley and Sons , New York . 350 pp.
  • Macyk , T.M. , Z.W. Widtman V. Beits . 1991 . Two decades of reclamation research in the subalpine region of Alberta. Reclamation and Sustainable Development. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium and the Sixteenth Annual Canadian Land Reclamation Association Symposium . Technical Research Committee on Reclamation, Ministry of Energy Mines and Petroleum Resources, and The Canadian Land Reclamation Association . Victoria , pp. 249 – 263 .
  • Mark , A.F. ( 1970 ). Floral initiation and development in New Zealand alpine plants . New Zealand Journal of Botany , 8 , 67 – 75 .
  • McKeague , J.A. 1978 . Manual of Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis . Second Edition, Prepared by the Subcommittee on Methods of Analysis of the Canada Soil Survey Committee , Canadian Society of Soil Science , Ottawa . 212 pp.
  • Munshower , F.F. 1991 . Perennial Grasses for Revegetation of Disturbed Lands in the Northern Great Plains and the Intermountain Region . Second Edition. Reclamation Research Unit Publication No. 9101 . Montana State University , Bozeman . 138 pp.
  • Oberbauer , S. P.C. Miller . 1982 . Growth of Alaskan tundra plants in relation to water potential , Holarctic Ecology , 5 , 194 – 199 .
  • Ogle , P.R. E.F. Redente . 1988 . Plant succession on surface mined lands in the west. Rangelands , 10 , 1 , 37 – 42 .
  • Palmer , J.P. 1992 . Nutrient cycling the key to reclamation success ? In J.C. Chambers and G.L. Wade (eds.) , Evaluating Reclamation Success the Ecological Considerations, General Technical Report NE–164 , p. 27 – 36 . United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station , Radnor ,
  • Pojar , J. , K. Klinka D.V. Meidinger . 1987 . Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in British Columbia . Forest Ecology and Management , 22 , 2, 1 , 119 – 154 .
  • Polster , D.F. 1989 . Successional reclamation in western Canada new light on an old subject . Proceedings of the Conference “Reclamation, A Global Perspective”, Calgary, Alberta, August 27–31, 1989. Report RRTAC 89–2 . Volume I . Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee , Edmonton , pp. 333 – 337 .
  • Polster , D.F. L.J. Pituley . 1994 . Mount Klappan Coal Project 10 years of reclamation experience in Northwestern B.C. Mine Reclamation “Compliance and Environmental Protection .” Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium. Technical Research Committee on Reclamation Mining Association of British Columbia , Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources . Victoria , pp. 215 – 224 .
  • Reynolds , D.N. 1984 . Populational dynamics of three annual species of alpine plants in the Rocky Mountains . Oecologia (Berlin) , 62 , 250 – 255 .
  • Roach , D.A. P.J. Marchand . 1984 . Recovery of alpine disturbances early growth and survival in populations of the native species Arenaria groenlandica, Juncus trifidus and Potentilla tridentata . Arctic and Alpine Research , 16 , 1 , 37 – 43 .
  • Russell , W.B. G.H. LaRoi . 1986 . Natural vegetation and ecology of abandoned coal–mined land, Rocky Mountain Foothills, Alberta, Canada . Canadian Journal of Botany , 64 , 1286 – 1298 .
  • Silvertown , J.W. J. Lovett Doust . 1993 . Introduction to Plant Population Biology . Blackwell Scientific , Oxford . 210 pp.
  • Skousen , J.G. 1988 . Species for revegetation legumes . Greenlands , 17 , 4 , 35 – 39 .
  • Smith , J.A. 1989 . RRTAC Future Research Needs Project –Summary. Prepared for Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council by Concord Scientific Corporation . Edmonton . 43 pp.
  • Smreciu , E.A. 1993 . Native Legumes for Reclamation in Alberta. RRTAC 93–9. Prepared for the Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council by Wild Rose Consulting Incorporated , Edmonton . p94 ppp.
  • Smreciu , E.A. , R.S. Currah E. Toop . 1988 . Viability and germination of herbaceous perennial species native to southern Alberta grasslands . Canadian Field–Naturalist , 102 , 1 , 31 – 38 .
  • Smyth , C.R. 1987 . Seed Production, Dispersal, Predation and Germination of Seven High Elevation Rocky Mountain Legume Species . M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria . 169 pp.
  • Taylor , D. 1983 . Personal Communication. Canadian Forestry Service , Pacific Forestry Center , Victoria .
  • Tomm , H.O. W.B. Russell . 1981 . Native Grass and Cultivated Grass–Legume Seed Mixture Trials on Subalpine Coal Mined Disturbances in Alberta. A Progress Report for 1980 . ENR T/21-80. Energy and Natural Resources , Alberta Forest Service, Edmonton . 41 pp.
  • Townsend , C.E. W.J. McGinnes . 1972 . Mechanical scarification of Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) seed . Crop Science , 12 , 392 – 394 .
  • Urbanska , K. 1986 . Behavior of alpine plants and high altitude revegetation research . In M.A. Schuster and R.H. Zuck (eds.). Proceedings High Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 7 ., pp. 215 – 226 . Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Informlation Series No. 58. Colorado State University , Fort Collins .
  • Weijer , J. D.L. Weijer . 1983 . The availability and procurement of native seed sources suitable for alpine and mountain reclamation. Reclamation of Lands Disturbed by Mining . Proceedings of the Sixth Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium. Technical Research Commitlcc on Reclamation , Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources and the Mining Association of British Columbia . Victoria , pp. 249 – 252 .
  • Wilkinson , L. , M. Hill , S. Miceli , G.K. Birkenbeuel E. Vang . 1992a SYSTAT for Windows Graphics. Version 5 Edition . SYSTAT Incorporated , Evanston . 636 pp.
  • Wilkinson , L. , M. Hill , J.P. Welna G.K. Birkenbeuel . 1992b . SYSTAT for Windows Statistics. Version 5 Edition . SYSTAT Incorporated, Evanston . 750 pp.
  • Willey , N.A. 1982 . Selection of Native Species for Alpine Reclamation, Northeast Coal Block, British Columbia . M.Sc. Faculty of Forestry , University of British Columbia . Vancouver . 76 pp.
  • Young , J.A. C.G. Young . 1986 . Collecting, Processing and Germinating Seeds of Western Wildland Plants . Timber Press , Portland . 236 pp.
  • Zar , J.H. 1984 . Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice–Hall Incorporated , Engelwood Cliffs . 620 pp.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.