Crossing the line: examination of student demographic changes concomitant with declining academic performance in elementary schools

References

• Armor , D. , Conry-Oseguera , P. , Cox , M. , King , N. , McDonnell , L. , Pascal , A. and Zellman , G. 1976 . Analysis of the school preferred reading program in selected Los Angeles minority schools , Santa Monica , CA : Rand .
   Google Scholar
• Austin , G. R. 1979 . Exemplary schools and the search for effectiveness . Educational Leadership , 37 ( 1 ) : 10 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 1993 . Testing structural equation models , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Borman , G. D. , Hewes , G. M. , Overman , L. T. and Brown , S. 2003 . Comprehensive school reform and achievement: A meta-analysis . Review of Educational Research , 73 : 125 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookover , W. B. and Lezotte , L. W. 1979 . Changes in school characteristics coincident with changes in student achievement , East Lansing , MI : Institute for Research on Teaching, Michigan State University .
   Google Scholar
• Brookover , W. B. and Schneider , J. M. 1975 . Academic environments and elementary school achievement . Journal of Research and Development in Education , 9 ( 1 ) : 82 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bryk , A. S. , Sebring , P. B. , Allensworth , E. , Luppescu , S. and Easton , J. Q. 2010 . Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago , Chicago , IL : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Buttram , J. L. and Carlson , R. V. 1983 . Effective school research: Will it play in the country . Research in Rural Education , 2 : 73 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , K. S. , Kim , M. U. and Whetten , D. A. 1987 . Organizational effects of decline and turbulence . Administrative Science Quarterly , 32 ( 2 ) : 222 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron K. S. Sutton R. I. Whetten D. A. 1988 Readings in organizational decline Cambridge , MA Ballinger Publishing Company
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , J. S. , Campbell , E. Q. , Hobson , C. J. , McPartland , J. , Mood , A. M. , Weinfeld , F. D. and York , R. L. 1966 . Equality of educational opportunity , Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , J. S. , Hoffer , T. and Kilgore , S. 1982 . Cognitive outcomes in public and private schools . Sociology of Education , 55 ( 2/3 ) : 65 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on No Child Left Behind . 2007 . Beyond NCLB , Washington , DC : Aspen Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Correal , A. 2009, March 22 . “ Leaving the No Child Left Behind list ” . In The New York Times L12
   Google Scholar
• Creemers , B. P.M. and Kyriakides , L. 2006 . Critical analysis of the current approaches to modelling educational effectiveness: The importance of establishing a dynamic model . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 17 : 347 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datnow , A. , Borman , G. D. , Stringfield , S. , Overman , T. and Castellano , M. 2003 . Comprehensive school reform in culturally and linguistically diverse contexts: Implementation and outcomes from a four-year study . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 25 : 143 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Aveni , R. A. 1989 . The aftermath of organizational decline: A longitudinal study of the strategic and managerial characteristics of declining firms . The Academy of Management Journal , 32 : 577 – 605 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran , H. C. and Drury , D. W. 2002 . Evaluating success: KIPP educational program evaluation , Alexandria , VA : New American Schools .
   Google Scholar
• Doss , D. and Holley , F. 1982 . A cause for national pause: Title I schoolwide projects , Austin , TX : Office of Research and Evaluation, Austin Independent School District .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , D. L. 1995 . The school that refused to die , Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , D. L. 2007 . “ Keys to sustaining successful school turnaround ” . In Unpublished manuscript , Charlottesville , VA : Darden-Curry Partnership for Leaders in Education .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , D. L. 2008 . Understanding school decline . International Studies in Educational Administration , 36 ( 2 ) : 46 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , D. L. and Hochbein , C. D. 2008 . Rising to the challenges of studying school decline . Leadership and Policy in Schools , 7 : 358 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , A. 2009, June 17 . Start over . Education Week , 28 ( 35 ) : 38
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds , R. 1977 . Search for effective schools: The identification and analysis of city schools that are instructionally effective for poor children , Washington , DC : United States Department of Health, Education & Welfare, National Institute of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds , R. 1979 . Effective schools for the urban poor . Educational Leadership , 37 ( 1 ) : 15 – 18 . 20–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , X. 2001 . Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: A growth modeling analysis . The Journal of Experimental Education , 70 : 27 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink , D. 1999 . Deadwood didn't kill itself: A pathology of failing schools . Educational Management Administration & Leadership , 27 : 131 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , G. 1988 . The world we created at Hamilton High , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , J. , Goldstein , H. and Jesson , D. 1996 . Changes and improvements in schools' effectiveness: Trends over five years . Research Papers in Education , 11 : 35 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , J. , Goldstein , H. and Thomas , S. 2001 . Predicting the future: The role of past performance in determining trends in institutional effectiveness at A level . British Educational Research Journal , 27 : 391 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , R. I. 1976 . A system pathology of an organization: The rise and fall of the old Saturday Evening Post . Administrative Science Quarterly , 21 ( 2 ) : 185 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrick , D. C. and D'Aveni , R. A. 1988 . Large corporate failures as downward spirals . Administrative Science Quarterly , 33 ( 1 ) : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan , M. T. and Freeman , J. 1977 . The population ecology of organizations . The American Journal of Sociology , 82 : 929 – 964 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck , R. H. and Mayor , R. A. 1993 . School characteristics, school academic indicators and student outcomes: Implications for policies to improve schools . Journal of Education Policy , 8 : 143 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , R. , Dawson , P. , Dee , T. , Greene , J. , Maynard , R. and Redding , S. 2008 . Turning around chronically low performing schools , Washington , DC : United States Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Hess , G. A. Jr. 1999 . Expectations, opportunity, capacity, and will: The four essential components of Chicago School Reform . Educational Policy , 13 : 494 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochbein , C. 2010 . Overlooking the descent: Operational definition, identification, and description of school decline . Journal of Educational Change. Advance online publication , doi:10.1007/s10833-010-9135-9
   Google Scholar
• Jencks , C. 1972 . Inequality: A reassessment of the effect of family and schooling in America , New York , NY : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , J. F. and Asera , R. (Eds.). , eds. 1999 . Hope for urban education: A study of nine high-performing, high-poverty, urban elementary schools , Austin , TX : The Charles A. Dana Center, The University of Texas .
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog , K. G. and Sörbom , D. 1984 . LISREL-VI user' s guide , (3rd ed.) , Mooresville , IN : Scientific Software .
   Google Scholar
• Klitgaard , R. E. and Hall , G. R. 1975 . Are there unusually effective schools . Journal of Human Resources , 10 : 90 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotlowitz , A. 1991 . There are no children here: The story of two boys growing up in the other America , New York , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Kozol , J. 1991 . Savage inequalities: Children in America's schools , New York , NY : Crown .
   Google Scholar
• Lezotte , L. , Edmonds , R. and Ratner , G. 1974 . Remedy for school failure to equitably deliver basic school skills , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University .
   Google Scholar
• Loehlin , J. C. 2004 . Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis , (4th ed.) , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Earlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Mortimore , P. , Sammons , P. , Stoll , L. , Lewis , D. and Ecob , R. 1988 . School matters: The junior years , Wells , UK : Open Books .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , J. and Meyers , C. V. 2008 . Turning around failing schools: Leadership lessons from the organizational sciences , Thousand Oaks , CA : Corwin .
   Google Scholar
• Opdenakker , M. C. and Van Damme , J. 2001 . Relationship between school composition and characteristics of school process and their effect on mathematics achievement . British Educational Research Journal , 27 : 407 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opdenakker , M. C. and Van Damme , J. 2006 . Differences between secondary schools: A study about school context, group composition, school practice, and school effects with special attention to public and Catholic schools and types of schools . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 17 : 87 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opdenakker , M. C. , Van Damme , J. , De Fraine , B. , Van Landeghem , G. and Onghena , P. 2002 . The effect of schools and classes on mathematics achievement . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 13 : 399 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palardy , G. J. 2008 . Differential school effects among low, middle, and high social class composition schools: A multiple group, multilevel latent growth curve analysis . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 19 : 21 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , C. M. 2008 . So much reform so little change: The persistence of failure in urban schools , Cambridge , MA : Harvard Press .
   Google Scholar
• Picucci , A. C. , Brownson , A. , Kahlert , R. and Sobel , A. 2002 . Driven to succeed: High-performing, high-poverty, turnaround middle schools , Austin , TX : The Charles A. Dana Center, The University of Texas .
   Google Scholar
• Purkey , S. C. and Smith , M. S. 1983 . Effective schools: A review . The Elementary School Journal , 83 : 426 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampey , B. D. , Rampey , G. S. and Donahue , P. L. 2009 . The nation's report card: Trends in academic progress in reading and mathematics 2008 , Washington , DC : United States Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Raykov , T. 1994 . Studying correlates and predictors of longitudinal change using structural equation modeling . Applied Psychological Measurement , 18 : 63 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan , B. , Bossert , S. T. and Dwyer , D. C. 1983 . Research on effective schools: A cautionary note . Educational Researcher , 12 ( 4 ) : 24 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Sammons , P. 2007 . School effectiveness and equity: Making connections: A review of school effectiveness and improvement research – its implications for practitioners and policy makers , Reading , , UK : CfBT Education Trust .
   Google Scholar
• SEED Foundation . 2008 . About SEED Retrieved from www.seedfoundation.com
   Google Scholar
• Smith , L. M. and Keith , P. M. 1971 . Anatomy of educational innovation , New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , L. M. , Prunty , J. P. , Dwyer , D. C. and Kleine , P. F. 1987 . The fate of an innovative school , New York , NY : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Staw , B. M. , Sandelands , L. E. and Dutton , J. E. 1981 . Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis . Administrative Science Quarterly , 26 ( 4 ) : 501 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , J. P. 2002 . Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences , (4th ed , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Stoll , L. and Myers , K. , eds. 1998 . No quick fixes , London , , UK : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stringfield , S. , Reynolds , D. and Schaffer , E. C. 2008 . Improving secondary students' academic achievement through a focus on reform reliability: 4- and 9-year findings from the High Reliability Schools project . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 19 : 409 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suskind , R. 1998 . A hope in the unseen: An American odyssey from the inner city to the Ivy League , New York , NY : Broadway Books .
   Google Scholar
• Teddlie , C. and Reynolds , D. 2000 . The international handbook of school effectiveness research , London , , UK : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Teddlie , C. and Stringfield , S. 1985 . A differential analysis of effectiveness in middle and low socioeconomic status schools . Journal of Classroom Interaction , 20 ( 2 ) : 38 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Teddlie , C. and Stringfield , S. 1993 . Schools make a difference. Lessons learned from a 10-year study of school effects , New York , NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , S. 2001 . Dimensions of secondary school effectiveness: Comparative analyses across regions . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 12 : 285 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , S. and Gray , J. 2001 . Educational effectiveness and improvement: Developing new theories and methods . British Educational Research Journal , 27 : 387 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , S. , Peng , W. J. and Gray , J. 2007 . Modelling patterns of improvement over time: Value added trends in English secondary school performance across ten cohorts . Oxford Review of Education , 33 : 261 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyack , D. B. and Cuban , L. 1995 . Tinkering toward utopia: A century of public school reform , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Werf , G. , Opdenakker , M. C. and Kuyper , H. 2008 . Testing a dynamic model of student and school effectiveness with a multivariate multilevel latent growth curve approach . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 19 : 447 – 462 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzel , W. and Jonsson , E. 1989 . Decline in organizations: A literature integration and extension . Administrative Science Quarterly , 34 ( 1 ) : 91 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whetten , D. A. 1987 . Organizational growth and decline processes . Annual Review of Sociology , 13 : 335 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimpelberg , R. K. , Teddlie , C. and Stringfield , S. 1989 . Sensitivity to context: The past and future of effective schools research . Educational Administration Quarterly , 25 : 82 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar