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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Volume 26, 2018 - Issue 6
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Original Articles

The Prevalence of Intraocular Tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Patients in South Africa Using a Revised Classification System

Derrick P. SmitDivision of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South AfricaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-8184
, MBChB, FCOphth(SA) ORCID Icon,
Tonya M. EsterhuizenBiostatistics Unit, Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South AfricaORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-1664
, MSC(LSHTM) ORCID Icon &
David MeyerDivision of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South AfricaORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-4344
, MBChB, FCOphth(SA), PhD ORCID Icon
Pages 830-837 | Received 27 Sep 2016, Accepted 14 Nov 2016, Published online: 23 Dec 2016

REFERENCES

  • World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report, 20th edn. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
  • Cunningham ET Jr, Rathinam SR, Albini TA, et al. Tuberculous uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:2–6.
  • Cutrufello NJ, Karakousis PC, Fishler J, et al. Intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18:281–291.
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  • Vasconcelos-Santos D, Zierhut M, Rao NA. Strengths and weaknesses of diagnostic tools for tuberculous uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17:351–355.
  • Gupta A, Sharma A, Bansal R, Sharma K. Classification of intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;23:7–13.
  • Schaftenaar E, Meenken C, Baarsma GS, et al. Uveitis is predominantly of infectious origin in a high HIV and TB prevalence setting in rural South Africa. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:1312–1316.
  • Laaks D, Smit DP, Harvey J. Polymerase chain reaction to search for herpes viruses in uveitic and healthy eyes: a South African perspective. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15:748–754.
  • Kongyai N, Pathanapitoon K, Sirirungsi W, et al. Infectious causes of posterior uveitis and panuveitis in Thailand. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012:1–6.
  • Kongyai N, Sirirungsi W, Pathanapitoon K, et al. Viral causes of unexplained anterior uveitis in Thailand. Eye (Lond). 2012;26:529–534.
  • Balne PK, Modi RR, Choudhury N, et al. Factors influencing polymerase chain reaction outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tuberculosis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2014;4:1.
  • Sudharshan S, Ganesh SK, Balu G, et al. Utility of QuantiFERON®-TB gold test in diagnosis and management of suspected tubercular uveitis in India. Int Ophthalmol. 2012;32:217–223.
  • Singh R, Gupta V, Gupta A. Pattern of uveitis in a referral eye clinic in north India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2004;52:121–125.
  • Ganesh SK, Biswas J, Veena N. Role of high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest in granulomatous uveitis: a tertiary uveitis clinic experience from India. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011;19:51–57.
  • Gupta V, Shoughy SS, Mahajan S, et al. Clinics of ocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:14–24.
  • Sharma K, Gupta V, Bansal R, et al. Novel multi-targeted polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of presumed tubercular uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:25.
  • Kataria P, Kumar A, Bansal R, et al. devR PCR for the diagnosis of intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;23:47–52.

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