References
- Ting DS, Cheung GC, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;44(4):260–277. doi:10.1111/ceo.12696.
- Wykoff CC. Impact of intravitreal pharmacotherapies including antivascular endothelial growth factor and corticosteroid agents on diabetic retinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28(3):213–218. doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000364.
- Si YF, Wang J, Guan J, Zhou L, Sheng Y, Zhao J. Treatment with hydrogen sulfide alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;169(3):619–631. doi:10.1111/bph.12163.
- Frank RN. Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(1):48–58. doi:10.1056/NEJMra021678.
- Yerramothu P, Vijay AK, Willcox MDP. Inflammasomes, the eye and anti-inflammasome therapy. Eye (Lond). 2017; doi:10.1038/eye.2017.241.
- Liao PL, Lin CH, Li CH, et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of shikonin contribute to improved early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep. 2017;744985. doi:10.1038/srep44985.
- Loukovaara S, Piippo N, Kinnunen K, Hytti M, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:803–808. doi:10.1111/aos.13427.
- Chen W, Zhao M, Zhao S, et al. Activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: a novel inhibitory effect of minocycline. Inflamm Res. 2017;66(2):157–166. doi:10.1007/s00011-016-1002-6.
- Zhang Y, Lv X, Hu Z, et al. Protection of Mcc950 against high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cell dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(7):e2941. doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.308.
- Clifton J 2nd, Leikin JB. Methylene blue. Am J Ther. 2003;10(4):289–291.
- Bradberry SM. Occupational methaemoglobinaemia. Mechanisms of production, features, diagnosis and management including the use of methylene blue. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(1):13–27.
- Schirmer RH, Adler H, Pickhardt M, Mandelkow E. Lest we forget you–methylene blue…. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32(12):2325.e2327-2316. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.12.012.
- Ahn H, Kang SG, Yoon SI, et al. Methylene blue inhibits NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and non-canonical inflammasome activation. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12409. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12635-6.
- Qaum T, Xu Q, Joussen AM, et al. VEGF-initiated blood-retinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(10):2408–2413.
- Leavy O. Inflammasome: turning on and off NLRP3. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(1):1. doi:10.1038/nri3366.
- King AJ. The use of animal models in diabetes research. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166(3):877–894. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01911.x.
- Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):556–564. doi:10.2337/dc11-1909.
- Nagai N, Deguchi S, Otake H, Hiramatsu N, Yamamoto N. Therapeutic effect of cilostazol ophthalmic nanodispersions on retinal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:9. doi:10.3390/ijms18091971.
- Zeng XX, Ng YK, Ling EA. Neuronal and microglial response in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vis Neurosci. 2000;17(3):463–471.
- Kohzaki K, Vingrys AJ, Bui BV. Early inner retinal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(8):3595–3604. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1679.
- Feit-Leichman RA, Kinouchi R, Takeda M, et al. Vascular damage in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy: relation to neuronal and glial changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(11):4281–4287. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1361.
- Al-Shabrawey M, Zhang W, McDonald D. Diabetic retinopathy: mechanism, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015854593. doi:10.1155/2015/854593.
- Guo H, Callaway JB, Ting JP. Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics. Nat Med. 2015;21(7):677–687. doi:10.1038/nm.3893.
- Lee GS. Inflammasomes, multi-cellular protein complex in myeloid cells, induce several metabolic diseases via interleukin-1β maturation. J Biomed Res. 2013;14(4):195–200.
- Kayagaki N, Warming S, Lamkanfi M, et al. Non-canonical inflammasome activation targets caspase-11. Nature. 2011;479(7371):117–121. doi:10.1038/nature10558.
- Vandanmagsar B, Youm YH, Ravussin A, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2011;17(2):179–188. doi:10.1038/nm.2279.
- Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell. 2002;10(2):417–426.
- Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140(6):821–832. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040.
- Haluzik M, Nedvidkova J, Skrha J. The influence of methylene blue and L-NAME on the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Sb Lek. 1999;100(3):213–217.
- Haluzik M, Nedvidkova J, Skrha J. The influence of NO synthase inhibitor and free oxygen radicals scavenger–methylene blue–on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Physiol Res. 1998;47(5):337–341.
- Zhou R, Tardivel A, Thorens B, Choi I, Tschopp J. Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(2):136–140. doi:10.1038/ni.1831.
- Perrone L, Devi TS, Hosoya K, Terasaki T, Singh LP. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) induces inflammation through chromatin modification in retinal capillary endothelial cells under diabetic conditions. J Cell Physiol. 2009;221(1):262–272. doi:10.1002/jcp.21852.
- Perrone L, Devi TS, Hosoya KI, Terasaki T, Singh LP. Inhibition of TXNIP expression in vivo blocks early pathologies of diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis. 2010;1e65. doi:10.1038/cddis.2010.42.
- Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood. 2011;117(14):3720–3732. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-273417.