156
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Etiology of Intraocular Inflammation in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Adults at a Tertiary Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa

, FCOphth(SA), PhD ORCID Icon, , MSC (LSHTM) ORCID Icon, , FCOphth(SA), PhD ORCID Icon, , MD, PhD & , PhD ORCID Icon
Pages 203-210 | Received 12 Sep 2017, Accepted 04 May 2018, Published online: 30 May 2018

REFERENCES

  • World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2015. 2015. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
  • Kenyon CR, Osbak K, Tsoumanis A. The global epidemiology of syphilis in the past Century–A systematic review based on antenatal syphilis prevalence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004711.
  • Fonollosa A, Giralt J, Pelegrín L, et al. Ocular syphilis-back again: understanding recent increases in the incidence of ocular syphilitic disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(3):207–212.
  • Freedman J. A clinical approach to the aetiology of uveitis in Bantu adults. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60:64–69.
  • Freedman J. Incidence of uveitis in Bantu-speaking Negroes of South Africa. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974;58:595–599.
  • Laaks D, Smit DP, Harvey J. Polymerase chain reaction to search for herpes viruses in uveitic and healthy eyes: A South African perspective. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15:748–754.
  • Scheepers MA, Lecuona KA, Rogers G, Bunce C, Corcoran C, Michaelides M. The value of routine polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraocular fluid specimens in the diagnosis of infectious posterior uveitis. Sci World J. 2013;2013: e545149.
  • Tinley C, Van Zyl L, Grotte R. Poststreptococcal syndrome uveitis in South African children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:87–89.
  • Smit DP, Esterhuizen TM, Meyer D. The prevalence of intraocular tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in South Africa using a revised classification system. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;1–8. doi:10.1080/09273948.2016.1263342
  • Smit DP, Esterhuizen TM, Meyer D. The role of QuantiFERON®-TB gold and tuberculin skin test as diagnostic tests for intraocular tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in South Africa. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;1–6. doi:10.1080/09273948.2017.1327078
  • Smit DP, Meyer D. HIV-induced uveitis: would you recognize it if it looked straight at you?. Aids. 2017;31:1777–1779.
  • Schaftenaar E, Meenken C, Baarsma GS, et al. Uveitis is predominantly of infectious origin in a high HIV and TB prevalence setting in rural South Africa. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(10):1312–1316
  • De Groot-Mijnes JDF, Rothova A, Van Loon AM, et al. Polymerase chain reaction and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient analysis are complimentary for the diagnosis of infectious uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(2):313–318.
  • Gupta A, Sharma A, Bansal R, Sharma K. Classification of intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;23:7–13.
  • Read RW, Holland GN, Rao NA, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: report of an international committee on nomenclature. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131(5):647–652.
  • Herbort CP, Rao NA, Mochizuki M. International criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis: results of the first international workshop on ocular sarcoidosis (IWOS). Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17:160–169.
  • Oz O, Tursen U, Yildirim O, Kaya T, Ikizoglu G. Uveitis associated with granuloma annulare. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2003;13:93–95.
  • Reddy HS, Khurana RN, Rao NA, Chopra V. Granuloma annulare anterior uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008;16:55–57.
  • Wakefield D, Chang JH. Epidemiology of uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2005;45:1–13.
  • Agrawal R, Kee AR, Ang L, et al. Tuberculosis or sarcoidosis: opposite ends of the same disease spectrum?. Tuberculosis. 2016;98:21–26.
  • Mwanza J, Kayembe D. Uveitis in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2001;11:53–56.
  • Grajewski RS, Caramoy A, Frank KF, et al. Spectrum of uveitis in a German tertiary center: review of 474 consecutive patients. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(4):346–352.
  • Jones NP. The Manchester uveitis clinic: the first 3000 patients—epidemiology and casemix. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:118–126.
  • Tran VT, Auer C, Guex-Crosier Y, Pittet N, Herbort CP. Epidemiology of uveitis in Switzerland. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1994;2:169–176.
  • Liberman P, Gauro F, Berger O, Urzua CA. Causes of uveitis in a tertiary center in Chile: A cross-sectional retrospective review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:339–345.
  • Chang JH, Wakefield D. Uveitis: A global perspective. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2002;10:263–279.
  • Chen S, Chuang C, Chu M, Sheu S. Patterns and etiologies of uveitis at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;25:S31–S38. doi:10.1080/09273948.2016.1189577

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.