Endophthalmitis in HIV Infection

References

• Mamalis N. Endophthalmitis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:729–730. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(02)01350-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand ML. Endophthalmitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:227–234. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dave VP, Das T. Definition, signs, and symptoms of endophthalmitis. In: Das T, ed.. Endophthalmitis. A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2018:3–4.
   Google Scholar
• Jabbarvand M, Hashemian H, Khodaparast M, Jouhari M, Tabatabaei A, Rezaei S. Endophthalmitis occurring after cataract surgery: outcomes of more than 480,000 cataract surgeries, epidemiologic features, and risk factors. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:295–301. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taban M, Behrens A, Newcomb RL. et al. Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:613–620. doi:10.1001/archopht.123.5.613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaberg TM Jr, Flynn HW Jr, Schiffman J, Newton J. Nosocomial acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis survey. A 10-year review of incidence and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:1004–1010. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96000-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen LD, Kessel L, Molander LD. et al. Risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;53:1156–1163. doi:10.1093/cid/cir675.
   Google Scholar
• Kempen JH, Sugar EA, Varma R. et al. Risk of cataract among subjects with acquired immune deficiency syndrome free of ocular opportunistic infections. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2317–2324. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.06.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalali S. Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. In: Das T, ed.. Endophthalmitis. A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2018:82.
   Google Scholar
• Cao H, Zhang L, Li L, Lo S. Risk factors for acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e71731. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew GWM, Teoh SCB, Agrawal R. Analysis and outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;25:535–539. doi:10.3109/09273948.2016.1158281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emparan C, Itruburu IM, Portugal V, Apecechea A, Bilbao JE, Mendez JJ. Infective complications after minor operations in patients infected with HIV: role of CD4 lymphocytes in prognosis. Eur J Surg. 1995;161:721–723.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madiba TE, Muckart DJJ, Thomson SR. Human immunodeficiency disease: how should it affect surgical decision making? World J Surg. 2009;33:899–909. doi:10.1007/s00268-009-9969-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senthil S, Garg P. Blebitis and bleb related endophthalmitis. In: Das T, ed. Endophthalmitis. A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2018:93–100.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. 2019. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/adult_oi.pdf. Accessed September 18, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Fintak DR, Shah GK, Blinder KJ. et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis related to intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Retina. 2008;28:1395–1399. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181884fd2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudouin C, Chassain C, Caujolle C, Gastaud P. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients using intravitreal injections of highly concentrated ganciclovir. Ophthalmologica. 1996;210:329–335. doi:10.1159/000310734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim JI, Wolitz R, Dowlings AH, Bloom HR, Irvine AR, Schwartz DM. Visual and anatomic outcomes associated with posterior segment complications after ganciclovir implant procedures in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:288–293. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00443-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin DF, Dunn JP, Davis JL. et al. Use of the ganciclovir implant for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: recommendations of the international AIDS society-USA panel. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:329–339. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00441-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane TS, Martin DF. Endopthalmitis-gancioclovir implant study group. Endophthalmitis after ganciclovir implant in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:649–654. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00333-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokce G, Sobaci G, Ozgonul C. Post-traumatic endophthalmitis: a mini-review. Semin Ophthalmol. 2015;30:470–474. doi:10.3109/08820538.2013.877939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padhi TR. Traumatic Endophthalmitis. In: Das T, ed.. Endophthalmitis. A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2018:105.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill EC, Yeoh J, Fabinyi DC. et al. Risk factors, microbial profiles and prognosis of microbial keratitis-associated endophthalmitis in high-risk eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252:1457–1462. doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2732-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faggian F, Azzini A, Lanzafame M. et al. Hyperacute unilateral gonococcal endophthalmitis in an HIV-infected man without genital infection. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2006;16:346–348. doi:10.1177/112067210601600226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry CR, Flynn HW Jr., Miller D, Forster RK, Alfonso EC. Infectious keratitis progressing to endophthalmitis: a 15-year study of microbiology, associated factors, and clinical outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:2443–2449. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malihi M, Li X, Patel S. et al. Infectious keratitis associated endophthalmitis: a 14-year study. Retina. 2017;37:662–666. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadiq MA, Hassan M, Agarwal A. et al. Endogenous endophthalmitis: diagnosis, management and prognosis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2015;5:32. doi:10.1186/s12348-015-0063-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read RW. Endophthalmitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004:1153.
   Google Scholar
• Wu ZH, Chan RP, Luk FO. et al. Review of clinical features, microbiological spectrum, and treatment outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis over an 8-year period. J Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:265078. doi:10.1155/2012/265078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kresloff MS, Castellarin AA, Zarbin MA. Endophthalmitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998;43:193–224. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00036-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell PP, O’Neill EC, Fabinyi D. et al. Endogenous endophthalmitis: 10-year experience at a tertiary referral centre. Eye (Lond). 2011;25:66–72. doi:10.1038/eye.2010.145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurlo JJ, Lane HC. Other bacterial infections. In: DeVita VT, Rosenberg SA, eds. AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:259–265.
   Google Scholar
• Taramasso L, Tatarelli P, Di Biagio A. Bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients. Virulence. 2016;7:320–328. doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1158359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft A, Furrer HJ, Miro JM. et al. Opportunistic infections working group on behalf of the collaboration of observational HIV epidemiological research Europe (COHERE) study in EuroCOORD. The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses at a current CD4 count 200 cells/mL in the post-combination antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:1038–1047. doi:10.1093/cid/cit423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaziri K, Pershing S, Albini TA, Moshfeghi DM, Moshfeghi AA. Risk factors predictive of endogenous endophthalmitis among hospitalized patients with hematogenous infections in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:498–504. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.11.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber BP, Weinbaum DL, Dummer JS. Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis. Arch Intern Med. 1985;145:62–64. doi:10.1001/archinte.1985.00360010082012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenwald MJ, Wohl LG, Sell CH. Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis: a contemporary reappraisal. Surv Ophthalmol. 1986;31:81–101. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(86)90076-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada AA, Johnson RP, Liles WC, D‘ Amico DJ, Baker AS. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. Report of a ten-year retrospective study. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:832–838. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(13)31255-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder MI, Chua J, Kaiser PK, Procop GW, Isada CM. Endogenous endophthalmitis: an 18-year review of culture-positive cases at a tertiary care center. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82:97–105. doi:10.1097/00005792-200303000-00004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maling S, King C, Davies N. A British ophthalmological surveillance unit study on metastatic endogenous endophthalmitis. Eye (Lond). 2018;32:743–748. doi:10.1038/eye.2017.284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida T, Ishida K, Niwa Y, et al. An eleven-year retrospective study of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. J Ophthalmol. 2015;261310. doi:10.1155/2015/261310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ness T, Pelz K, Hansen LL. Endogenous endophthalmitis: microorganisms, disposition and prognosis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85:852–856. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00982.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho V, Ho LY, Ranchod TM, Drenser KA, Williams GA, Garretson BR. Endogenous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Retina. 2011;31:596–601. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181ecccf0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Um T, Joe SG, et al. Changes in the clinical features and prognostic factors of endogenous endophthalmitis: fifteen years of clinical experience in Korea. Retina. 2012;32:977–984. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318228e312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiedler V, Scott IU, Flynn HW, Davis JL, Benz MS, Miller D. Culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis: clinical features and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:725–731. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2003.11.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman WR, Henderly DE, Lipson BK, Rao NA, Levine AM. Retinopathy before the diagnosis of AIDS. Ann Ophthalmol. 1989;21:468–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tufail A, Weisz JM, Holland GN. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis as a complication of intravenous therapy for cytomegalovirus retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:879–880. doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140093019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prajapati R, Newton P, Ahmad S, Kelly SP. Acute subretinal abscess in staphylococcus aureus septicaemia with endophthalmitis showcased by multimodal retinal imaging and with 2-year follow-up. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;11:e227288. doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rutar T, Chambers HF, Crawford JB. et al. Ophthalmic manifestations of infections caused by the USA300 clone of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1455–1462. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.03.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashani AH, Eliott D. The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae endogenous endophthalmitis in the USA: basic and clinical advances. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:28. doi:10.1186/1869-5760-3-28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields RA, Smith SJ, Pan CK, Do DV. Endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis in Northern California. Retina. 2019;39:614–620. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YH, Chen YH, Chen KJ. et al. Infectious Sources, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:771–778. doi:10.1016/j.oret.2017.11.013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yodprom R, Pathanapitoon K, Kunavisarut P, Ausayakhun S, Wattananikorn S, Rothova A. Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Salmonella choleraesuis in an HIV-positive patient. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2007;15:135–138. doi:10.1080/09273940701244228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson TL, Eykyn SJ, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17 year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:403–423. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00054-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski KJ, Hidayat AA, Neafie RC, Rao NA, Zapor M. Ocular tuberculosis: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:772–777. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.08.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srichatrapimuk S, Wattanatranon D, Sungkanuparph S. Tuberculous panophthalmitis with lymphadenitis and central nervous system tuberculoma. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2016;2016:6785382. doi:10.1155/2016/6785382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu RB, Sudharshan S, Kumarasamy N, Therese L, Biswas J. Ocular tuberculosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:413–418. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.03.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlman DC, El-Helou P, Salomon N. Tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Respir Infect. 1999;14:344–352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1992;41:1–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson TL, Paraskevopoulos T, Georgalas I. Systematic review of 342 cases of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014;59:627–635. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheu SJ, Kung YH, Wu TT, Chng FP, Horng YH. Risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: 20-year experience in Southern Taiwan. Retina. 2011;31:2026–2031. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e31820d3f9e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond RD. The growing problem of mycoses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:480–486. doi:10.1093/clinids/13.3.480.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh G, Wijesurendra CS, Green JT. Disseminated aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Int J STD AIDS. 1994;5:63–66. doi:10.1177/095646249400500116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingappan A, Wykoff CC, Albini TA. et al. Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: causative organisms, management strategies, and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:162–6.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.06.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sridhar J, Flynn HW Jr, Kuriyan AE, Miller D, Albini T. Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: risk factors, clinical features, and treatment outcomes in mold and yeast infections. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:60. doi:10.1186/1869-5760-3-60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelegrín L, Mesquida M, Adán A. et al. Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis in a HIV-infected intravenous drug abuser. Mycoses. 2011;54:e856–8. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.02000.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miailhes P, Labetoulle M, Naas T. et al. Unusual etiology of visual loss in an HIV-infected patient due to endogenous endophthalmitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001;7:641–645. doi:10.1046/j.1198-743x.2001.00276.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson AP, Gamble JA, Yeomans T. et al. Comparative genomics of the fungal pathogens Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans. Genome Res. 2009;19:2231–2244. doi:10.1101/gr.097501.109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klapholz A, Salomon N, Perlman DC, Talawera W. Aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest. 1991;100:1614–1618. doi:10.1378/chest.100.6.1614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddell IJ, McNeil SA, Johnson TM, Bradley SF, Kazanjian PH, Kauffman CA. Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002;81:311–320. doi:10.1097/00005792-200207000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paula JS, Bryk A Jr, Lauretti Filho A, Romao E. Secondary glaucoma associated with bilateral Aspergillus niger endophthalmitis in an HIV-positive patient: case report. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006;69:395–397. doi:10.1590/s0004-27492006000300020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perri P, Campa C, Incorvaia C. et al. Endogenous Aspergillus versicolor endophthalmitis in an immuno-competent HIV-positive patient. Mycopathologia. 2005;160:259–261. doi:10.1007/s11046-005-6871-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith WM, Fahle G, Nussenblatt RB, Sen HN. A rare case of endogenous Aspergillus conicus endophthalmitis in an immunocompromised patient. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:37. doi:10.1186/1869-5760-3-37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vrabec TR. Posterior segment manifestations of HIV/AIDS. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004;49:131–157. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph J, Sharma S, Narayanan R. Endogenous cryptococcus neoformans endophthalmitis with subretinal abscess in a HIV-infected man. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66:1015–1017. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_60_18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkur AB, Hodge WG. Rhodotorula rubra endophthalmitis in an HIV positive patient. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:1444–1445. doi:10.1136/bjo.86.12.1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurosawa A, Pollock SC, Collins MP, Kraff CR, Tso MO. Sporothrix schenckii endophthalmitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:376–380. doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060130402030.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipstein-Kresch E, Isenberg HD, Singer C, Cooke O, Greenwald RA. Disseminated sporothrix schenckii infection with arthritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1985;12:805–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Vergara ML, de Camargo ZP, Silva PF. et al. Disseminated sporothrix brasiliensis infection with endocardial and ocular involvement in an HIV-infected patient. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86:477–480. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffman CA. Sporotrichosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:231–236. doi:10.1086/520190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar