228
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Ocular Surface Disorders in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

, MBBS, , MBChB, FCOphth(SA), MMed, PhDORCID Icon, , MBChB, MMed, PhD, , FRCS, , DNB, , MD, , MD & , MDORCID Icon show all
Pages 1015-1021 | Received 21 Nov 2019, Accepted 14 Apr 2020, Published online: 05 Jun 2020

References

  • Ah-Fat FG, Batterbury M. Ophthalmic complications of HIV/AIDS. Postgrad Med J. 1996;72(854):725–730. doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.854.725.
  • Andrade HB, Shinotsuka CR, da Silva IRF, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy for critically ill HIV patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186968. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186968.
  • Polis MA, Masur H. Promising new treatments for cytomegalovirus retinitis. JAMA. 1995;273(18):1457–1459. Review. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520420073041.
  • Holland GN, Pepose JS, Pettit TH, Gottlieb MS, Yee RD, Foos RY. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ophthalmic manifestations. Ophthalmology. 1983;90(8):859–73. 2. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(83)80009-8.
  • Rosenberg PR, Uliss AE, Friedland GH, Harris CA, Small CB, Klein RS. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ophthalmic manifestations in ambulatory patients. Ophthalmology. 1983;90(8):874–878. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(83)80010-4.
  • Korn BS, Park DJ, Kikkawa DO. Intralesional mitomycin-C for the treatment of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27:e88–e90. 49. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181ef72e7.
  • Shuler JD, Holland GN, Miles SA, et al. Kaposi sarcoma of the conjunctiva and eyelids associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:858–862. doi:10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010880035.
  • Collaço L, Gonçalves M, Gomes L, Miranda R. Orbital Kaposi’s sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2000;10(1):88–90. doi:10.1177/112067210001000114.
  • Cooper JS, Fried PR. Case report. Treatment of aggressive epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma of the conjunctiva by radiotherapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106(1):20–21. doi:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060130022014.
  • Chronister CL. Review of external ocular disease associated with aids and HIV infection. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73(4):225–230. doi:10.1097/00006324-199604000-00002.
  • Thomas S, Java A HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Hospital Physician. 1990;22–32.
  • Reiser BJ, Mok A, Kukes G, et al. Non-AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma involving the tarsal conjunctiva and eyelid margin. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:838–840. 16. doi:10.1001/archopht.125.6.838.
  • Ron IG, Kremer I, Lowenstein A, et al. Conjunctival involvement in classic (indolent) HIV negative Kaposi’s sarcoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994;78:488–489. doi:10.1136/bjo.78.6.488.
  • Le Bourgeois JP, Frikha H, Piedbois P, et al. Radiotherapy in the management of epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma of the oral cavity, the eyelid and the genitals. Radiother Oncol. 1994;30:263–266. 18. doi:10.1016/0167-8140(94)90467-7.
  • Dugel PU, Gill PS, Frangieh GT, Rao NA. Treatment of ocular adnexal Kaposi’s sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(7):1127–1132. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(92)31841-X.
  • Meyer D, Gooding C. Intralesional bleomycin as an adjunct therapeutic modality in eyelid and extraocular malignancies and tumors. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2015;22(4):410–414. doi:10.4103/0974-9233.167822.
  • Shuler JD, Engstrom RE, Holland GN. External ocular disease and anterior segment disorders associated with AIDS. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1989;29(2):98–104. doi:10.1097/00004397-198902920-00007.
  • Steff M, Joly V, Di Lucca J, et al. Clinical activity of lenalidomide in visceral human immunodeficiency virus-related Kaposi sarcoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(11):1319–1322. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.5751.
  • Freeman C, Berg JW, Cutler SJ. Occurrence and prognosis of extranodal lymphomas. Cancer. 1972;29:252–260.
  • Sjö LD. Ophthalmic lymphoma: epidemiology and pathogenesis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(thesis 1):1–20. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01478.x.
  • Ferry JA, Fung CY, Zukerberg L, et al. Lymphoma of the ocular adnexa: a study of 353 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:170e84. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000213350.49767.46.
  • Sjo LD, Ralfkiaer E, Prause JU, et al. Increasing incidence of ophthalmic lymphoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2005. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:3283e8. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1768.
  • Kirkegaard MM, Coupland SE, Prause JU, Heegaard S. Malignant lymphoma of the conjunctiva. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015;60(5):444–458. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.05.001.
  • Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Ponzoni M, et al. Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:586e94. doi:10.1093/jnci/djh102.
  • Ferreri AJ, Viale E, Guidoboni M, et al. Clinical implications of hepatitis C virus infection in MALT-type lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:769e72. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl027.
  • Sjo NC, Foegh P, Juhl BR, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori in conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:182e6. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.020.
  • Baldini L, Blini M, Guffanti A, et al. Treatment and prognosis in a series of primary extranodal lymphomas of the ocular adnexa. Ann Oncol. 1998;9:779e81. doi:10.1023/A:1008327301372.
  • Matsuo T, Yoshino T. Long-term follow-up results of observation or radiation for conjunctival malignant lymphoma. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1233e7. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.049.
  • Blasi MA, Tiberti AC, Valente P, et al. Intralesional interferon-α for conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: long-term results. Ophthalmology. 2012;119((3):494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.008.
  • Decaudin D, de Cremoux P, Vincent-Salomon A, Dendale R, Rouic LL. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: a review of clinicopathologic features and treatment options. Blood. 2006;108(5):1451–1460. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-005017.
  • Fayad L, Younes A. Novel treatment strategies for aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7(6):733–748. doi:10.1517/14656566.7.6.733.
  • Fisher RI, Bernstein SH, Kahl BS, et al. Multicenter phase II study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24((30):4867–4874. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.07.9665.
  • Lee GA, Hurst LW. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39:429–450. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(05)80054-2.
  • Faustina M, Diba R, Ahmadi MA, Esmaeli B. Patterns of regional and distant metastasis in patients with eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(10):1930–1932. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.02.009.
  • Gichuhi S, Macharia E, Kabiru J, et al. Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a case-control study. Trop Med Int Health. 2016 Dec;21(12):1522–1530. doi:10.1111/tmi.12792.
  • Maclean H, Dhillon B, Ironside J. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121(2):219–221. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70593-8.
  • Lewallen S, Shroyer KR, Keyser RB, Liomba G. Aggressive conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in three young Africans. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114(2):215–218. doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130209021.
  • Gichuhi S, Macharia E, Kabiru J, et al. Clinical Presentation of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Kenya. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(11):1305–1313. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3335.
  • Shields JA, Shields CL, De Potter P. Surgical management of conjunctival tumors. The 1994 Lynn B. McMahan Lecture. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(6):808–815. doi:10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150810025.
  • Karp CL, Moore JK, Rosa RH Jr. Treatment of conjunctival and corneal intraepithelial neoplasia with topical interferon alpha-2b. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(6):1093–1098. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00577-2.
  • Prabhasawat P, Tarinvorakup P, Tesavibul N, et al. Topical 0.002% mitomycin C for the treatment of conjunctival-corneal intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Cornea. 2005;24(4):443–448. doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000148314.86557.6a.
  • Yeatts RP, Engelbrecht NE, Curry CD, Ford JG, Walter KA. 5-Fluorouracil for the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of the conjunctiva and cornea. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(12):2190–2195. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00389-4.
  • Shields CL, Naseripour M, Shields JA. Topical mitomycin C for extensive, recurrent conjunctival-corneal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(5):601–606. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01400-9.
  • Gichuhi S, Macharia E, Kabiru J, et al. Topical fluorouracil after surgery for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Global Health. 2016;4(6):e378–e85. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30052-3.
  • Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, et al. TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):276–283. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008.
  • Kim YS, Sun HJ, Kim TH, Kang KD, Lee SJ. Ocular Manifestations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2015;29(4):241–248. doi:10.3341/kjo.2015.29.4.241.
  • Geier SA, Libera S, Klauss V, Goebel FD. Sicca syndrome in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(9):1319–1324. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(95)30868-8.
  • Lee-Wing MW, Hodge WG, Diaz-Mitoma F. Investigating a viral etiology for keratoconjunctivitis sicca among patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Cornea. 1999;18(6):671–674. doi:10.1097/00003226-199911000-00008.
  • Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Pepose JS, Fletcher MA, Klimas N, Feuer W. Epstein-Barr virus infection and immunologic dysfunction in patients with aqueous tear deficiency. Ophthalmology. 1990;97(3):313–323. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(90)32595-2.
  • Agrawal R, Balne PK, Veerappan A, et al. A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection. Cytokine. 2016;88:77–84. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.026.
  • Messmer EM. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(5):71–81. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0071.
  • Biswas J, Madhavan HN, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S. Blepharitis and lid ulcer as initial ocular manifestation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1997;45:233–234.
  • Olson MC, Korb DR, Greiner JV. Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness following treatment with warm compresses in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Eye Contact Lens. 2003 Apr;29(2):96–99. PubMed PMID: 12695712. doi:10.1097/01.ICL.0000060998.20142.8D.
  • Pflugfelder SC, Karpecki PM, Perez VL. Treatment of blepharitis: recent clinical trials. Ocul Surf. 2014;12(4):273–284. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2014.05.005.
  • Geerling G, Tauber J, Baudouin C, et al. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on management and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):2050–2064. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997g.
  • Macsai MS. The role of omega-3 dietary supplementation in blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (an AOS thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;106:336–356.
  • Maskin SL. Intraductal meibomian gland probing relieves symptoms of obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea. 2010;29(10):1145–1152. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181d836f3.
  • Toyos R, McGill W, Briscoe D. Intense pulsed light treatment for dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction; a 3-year retrospective study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2015;33(1):41–46. doi:10.1089/pho.2014.3819.
  • Buckley RJ. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1988;28(4):303–308. doi:10.1097/00004397-198802840-00009.
  • Kumar S. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a major review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(2):133–147. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x.
  • De Smedt S, Wildner G, Kestelyn P. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an update. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(1):9–14. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-301376.
  • La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, et al. Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr. 2013;39:18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18.
  • Bonini S, Coassin M, Aronni S, Lambiase A. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Eye (Lond). 2004;18(4):345–351. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700675.
  • Cameron JA, Al-Rajhi AA, Badr IA. Corneal ectasia in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(11):1615–1623. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32677-7.
  • Agarwal S, Srinivasan B, Iyer G, Sudharshan S, Kalaivani K. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in human immunodeficiency virus - The possible role of T-helper 1-T-helper 2 shift. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(7):1004–1006. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_76_18.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.