References
- Schimmer BP, Funder W. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal steroids, and the adrenal cortex. In: Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e. McGraw-Hill. https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.proxy.cc.uic.edu/content.aspx?bookid=2189ionid=172482605. Accessed February 22, 2021.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug approval package. H.P. Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin) injection. Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2011. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2010/022432Orig1s000Approv.pdf. Accessed July 21, 2020.
- Sharon Y, Chu DS. Adrenocorticotropic hormone gel for patients with non-infectious uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2019;15:100502. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100502.
- Agarwal A, Hassan M, Sepah YJ, Do DV, Nguyen QD. Subcutaneous repository corticotropin gel for non-infectious panuveitis: reappraisal of an old pharmacologic agent. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2016;4:78–82. doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2016.09.004.
- Fleischmann R, Furst DE. Safety of repository corticotropin injection as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. Jun 2020;16:1–10.
- Chopra I, Qin Y, Kranyak J, et al. Repository corticotropin injection in patients with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis: retrospective analysis of medical records. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2019 Jan-Dec;13:17. doi:10.1177/1753466619888127.
- Aggarwal R, Marder G, Koontz DC, Nandkumar P, Qi Z, Oddis CV. Efficacy and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone gel in refractory dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):720–727. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212047.
- Mochizuki M, Smith JR, Takase H, et al. Revised criteria of international workshop on ocular sarcoidosis (IWOS) for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(10):1418–1422. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313356.
- Clemson CM, Yost J, Taylor AW. The role of alpha-MSH as a modulator of ocular immunobiology exemplifies mechanistic differences between melanocortins and steroids. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;25:179–189. doi:10.3109/09273948.2015.1092560.
- Ottaviani E, Franchini A, Genedani S. ACTH and its role in immune-neuroendocrine functions. A comparative study. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5:673–681.
- Catania A, Gatti S, Colombo G, et al. Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation. Pharmacol Rev. 2004;56(1):1–29. doi:10.1124/pr.56.1.1.
- Taylor AW, Kaplan HJ. Ocular immune privilege in the year 2010: ocular immune privilege and uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18:488–492. doi:10.3109/09273948.2010.525730.
- Arnason BG, Berkovich R, Catania A, et al. Mechanisms of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone and other melanocortins relevant to the clinical management of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2013;19(2):130–136. doi:10.1177/1352458512458844.
- Wills AB, Adjemian J, Fontana JR, et al. Sarcoidosis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 2002 to 2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15:1490–1493. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201806-401RL.
- Arkema EV, Cozier YC. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020 Sep;26(5):527–534. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000715.
- https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=ZCTA5%2060612%20Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=ACSDT5Y2018.B02001&hidePreview=false. Accessed October 26, 2020.
- https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=ZCTA5%2060612%20Income%20and%20Poverty&tid=ACSST5Y2018.S1901&hidePreview=false Accessed October 26, 2020.
- https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il/il2018/2018summary.odn Accessed October 26, 2020.
- Hartung DM, Johnston K, Cohen DM, Nguyen T, Deodhar A, Bourdette DN. Industry payments to physician specialists who prescribe repository corticotropin. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(2):e180482. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0482.
- Jabs DA, Rosenbaum JT, Foster CS, et al. Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(4):492–513. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00659-0.
- Levy-Clarke G, Jabs DA, Read RW, Rosenbaum JT, Vitale A, Van Gelder RN. Expert panel recommendations for the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor biologic agents in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders. Ophthalmology. 2014 Mar;121(3):785–96.e3. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.048.
- Nelson WW, Lima AF, Kranyak J, et al. Retrospective medical record review to describe use of repository corticotropin injection among patients with uveitis in the United States. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2019;35(3):182–188. doi:10.1089/jop.2018.0090.