Incidence and Mimickers of Acute Idiopathic Optic Neuritis: Analysis of 291 Consecutive Patients from Southern Finland

References

• Hickman SJ, Dalton CM, Miller DH, Plant GT. Management of acute optic neuritis. Lancet. 2002;14(360(9349)):1953–1962. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11919-2.
   Google Scholar
• Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The optic neuritis study group. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:581–588. doi:10.1056/nejm199202273260901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gal RL, Vedula SS, Beck R. Corticosteroids for treating optic neuritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;14(8). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001430.pub4.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold AC. Evolving management of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:1101–1108. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.01.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frohman EM, Frohman TC, Zee DS, McColl R, Galetta S. The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4:111–121. doi:10.1177/1352458511415452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroozan R, Buono LM, Savino PJ, Sergott RC. Acute demyelinating optic neuritis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002;13:375–380. doi:10.1097/00055735-200212000-00006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milo R, Miller A. Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4–5):518–524. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Lennon VA. NMO-IgG: a specific biomarker for neuromyelitis optica. Dis Markers. 2006;22:197–206. doi:10.1155/2006/586306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeon A, Fryer JP, Apiwattanakul M. et al. Diagnosis of neuromyelitis spectrum disorders: comparative sensitivities and specificities of immunohistochemical and immunoprecipitation assays. Arch Neurol. 2006;66:1134–1138. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.178.
   Google Scholar
• Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL. et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology. 2015;14:177–189. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001729.
   Google Scholar
• Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Weinshenker BG. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2006;66:1485–1489. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siuko M, Tienari PJ, Saastamoinen KP. et al. Neuromyelitis optica and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies in consecutive optic neuritis patients in Southern Finland. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92:387–391. doi:10.1111/aos.12187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siuko M, Valori M, Kivelä T, et al. Exome and regulatory element sequencing of neuromyelitis optica patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2015;15(289):139–142.doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.002.
   Google Scholar
• Sumelahti ML, Tienari PJ, Wikström J, Palo J, Hakama M. Regional and temporal variation in multiple sclerosis incidence in Finland during 1979-93. Neuroepidemiology. 2000;19:67–75. doi:10.1159/000026241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumelahti ML, Tienari PJ, Wikstrom J, Palo J, Hakama M. Increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Finland. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;103:153–158. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2001.103003153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krökki O, Bloigu R, Reunanen M, Remes AM. .Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland. Mult Scler. 2011 February;17(2):133–138. doi:10.1177/1352458510384012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan JW. Recent advances in optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90:203–209. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02145.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan JW. Early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of optic neuritis. Neurologist. 2012;18:23–31. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31823d7acd.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fard MA, Jalili J, Sahraiyan A, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography in optic disc swelling. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2018.04.017.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kupersmith MJ, Alban T, Zeiffer B, Lefton D. Contrast-enhanced MRI in acute optic neuritis: relationship to visual performance. Brain. 2002;125:812–822. doi:10.1093/brain/awf087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg S, Kaschka I, Utz KS. et al. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve provides limited predictive information on short-term recovery after acute optic neuritis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0113961. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Fraga-Pumar E, Pastor X. et al. Is the incidence of optic neuritis rising? Evidence from an epidemiological study in Barcelona (Spain), 2008-2012. J Neurol. 2014;261:759–767. doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7266-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SA, Wong WL, Fu E. et al. The incidence of neuro-ophthalmic diseases in Singapore: a prospective study in public hospitals. Ophthal Epidemiol. 2009;16:65–73. doi:10.1080/09286580902737516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojić L, Ivanisević M, Sinićić A, et al. The Incidence of optic neuritis in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. Coll Antropol. 2004;28:343–347.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Congia S, Vacca MA, Tronci S. Epidemiologic and clinical features of optic neuritis in the 20th and 21st sanitary districts of the Sardinia (Italy). Acta Neurol. 1989;11:10–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loncarek K, Brajac I, Petricek I, et al. Epidemiology of monosymptomatic optic neuritis in Rijeka County, Croatia: meteorological aspects. Coll Antropol. 2005;29:309–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jin YP, De Pedro-Cuesta J, Söderström M, Stawiarz L, Link H. Incidence of optic neuritis in Stockholm, Sweden 1990-1995: I. Age, sex, birth and ethnic-group related patterns. J Neurol Sci. 1998;15:107–114. doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00141-5.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O’Brien PC, Kurland LT. Optic neuritis: a population-based study in olmsted county, Minnesota. Neurology. 1995;45:244–250. doi:10.1212/wnl.45.2.244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnunen E. The incidence of optic neuritis and its prognosis for multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1983;68:371–377. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04846.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spelman T, Meyniel C, Rojas JI, et al. Quantifying risk of early relapse in patients with first demyelinating events: prediction in clinical practice. Mult Scler. 2017 September;23(10):1346–1357. doi:10.1177/1352458516679893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransohoff RM, Hafler DA, Lucchinetti CF. Multiple sclerosis-a quiet revolution. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015 March;11(3):134–142. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkel B, Butzkueven H, Traboulsee AL, Havrdova E, Kalincik T. Timing of high-efficacy therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16(6):658–665. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stunkel L, Kung NH, Wilson B, McClelland CM, Van Stavern GP. Incidence and causes of overdiagnosis of optic neuritis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 January 1;136(1):76–81. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.5470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’souza NM, Nguyen HD, Smith SV. et al. Metastatic melanoma of the optic nerve sheath. Neuroophthalmology. 2017;42:187–190. doi:10.1080/01658107.2017.1372488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JL, Mendoza PR, Rashid A, Hayek B, Grossniklaus HE. Optic nerve lymphoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015;60:153–165. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.11.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo JF 3rd, Andreoli CM, Rabinov JD. Use of magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate optic neuritis and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1679–1684. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01148-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar