Disordered sleep and myopia among adolescents: a propensity score matching analysis

References

• Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012 Jan;32(1):3–16. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036-1042. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leo SW, Young TL. An evidence-based update on myopia and interventions to retard its progression. J AAPOS. 2011 Apr;15(2):181–189. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.09.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Aug;48(8):3524–3532. doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 2008 Aug;115(8):1279–1285. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirani M, Tong L, Gazzard G, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 Aug;93(8):997–1000. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.150979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Sep 15;314(11):1142–1148. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jee D, Morgan IG, Kim EC. Inverse relationship between sleep duration and myopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94(3):e204-210. doi: 10.1111/aos.12776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Z, Morgan IG, Chen Q, Jin L, He M, Congdon N. Disordered sleep and myopia risk among Chinese children. PLoS One 2015;10(3):e0121796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaki M, Torii H, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Decreased sleep quality in high myopia children. Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 21;6:33902. doi:10.1038/srep33902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin Y, Peng B, Li Y, et al. Risk factors of fatigue status among Chinese adolescents. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(10):19442–19447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan CW, Qiu QX, Qian DJ, et al. Iris colour in relation to myopia among Chinese school-aged children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2018 Jan;38(1):48–55. doi:10.1111/opo.12427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan CW, Wu RK, Liu H, Li J, Zhong H. Types of lamp for homework and myopia among Chinese school-aged children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018 Jun;25(3):250-256. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1420204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep 2000 Dec 15;23(8):1043–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SH, Jin XM, Shen XM, et al. Development and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Mar;45(3):176–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan CW, Dirani M, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Saw SM. The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis. Optom Vis Sci. 2015 Mar;92(3):258–266. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo HD, Gazzard G, Liang Y, Shankar A, Tan DT, Saw SM. Defining myopia using refractive error and uncorrected logMAR visual acuity >0.3 from 1334 Singapore school children ages 7–9 years. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;90(3):362–366. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.079657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian DJ, Zhong H, Li J, Niu Z, Yuan Y, Pan CW. Myopia among school students in rural China (Yunnan). Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016 Jul;36(4):381–387. doi:10.1111/opo.12287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SM, Liu LR, Li SY, et al. Design, methodology and baseline data of a school-based cohort study in Central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013 Dec;20(6):348–359. doi:10.3109/09286586.2013.842596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JF, Bi HS, Wang SM, et al. Refractive error, visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong, China. The Shandong Children Eye Study. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e82763. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickla DL. Ocular diurnal rhythms and eye growth regulation: where we are 50 years after Lauber. Exp Eye Res. 2013 Sep;114:25–34. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone RA, Pardue MT, Iuvone PM, Khurana TS. Pharmacology of myopia and potential role for intrinsic retinal circadian rhythms. Exp Eye Res. 2013 Sep;114:35–47. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn GE, Shin CH, Maguire MG, Stone RA. Myopia and ambient lighting at night. Nature 1999 May 13;399(6732):113–114. doi:10.1038/20094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saw SM, Wu HM, Hong CY, Chua WH, Chia KS, Tan D. Myopia and night lighting in children in Singapore. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 May;85(5):527–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadnik K, Jones LA, Irvin BC, et al. Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE Study Group. Collaborative longitudinal evaluation of ethnicity and refractive error. Nature 2000 Mar 9;404(6774):143–144. doi:10.1038/35004661.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guggenheim JA, Hill C, Yam TF. Myopia, genetics, and ambient lighting at night in a UK sample. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;87(5):580–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosner M, Belkin M. Intelligence, education, and myopia in males. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987 Nov;105(11):1508–1511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teasdale TW, Fuchs J, Goldschmidt E. Degree of myopia in relation to intelligence and educational level. Lancet. 1988 Dec 10;2(8624):1351–1354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beedle SL, Young FA. Values, personality, physical characteristics, and refractive error. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1976 Nov;53(11):735–739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar