Why Miss the Chance? Incidental Findings while Telescreening for Diabetic Retinopathy

References

• World Health Organization. Diabetes. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes (accessed march 16, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Blindness and vision impairment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment (accessed march 16, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Lee R, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss. Eye and Vision. 2015;2:17. doi:10.1186/s40662-015-0026-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabanayagam C, Banu R, Chee ML, et al. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Feb;7(2):140–149. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30128-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Diabetic retinopathy: a position statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:412–418. doi:10.2337/dc16-2641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon PH, Stratton IM, Leese GP. et al. Screening attendance, age group and diabetic retinopathy level at first screen. Diabet Med. 2016;33:904–911. doi:10.1111/dme.12957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrenson JG, Graham-Rowe E, Lorencatto F, et al. Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(1): Art. No.: CD012054 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012054.pub2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohner EM, Porta M. Protocols for screening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy in Europe. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1991 Jan-Mar;1(1):45–54. doi:10.1177/112067219100100109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scanlon PH, Dirani M, van Wijngaarden P. Screening for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: an update. Symposium - Diabetic Retinopathy Update. Egypt Ret J. 2014;2(1):3–18. doi:10.4103/2347-5617.152479.
   Google Scholar
• Tozer K, Woodward MA, Newman-Casey PA. Telemedicine and diabetic retinopathy: review of published screening programs. J Endocrinol Diab. 2015;2(4):1–10. doi:10.15226/2374-6890/2/4/00131.
   Google Scholar
• Panwar N, Huang P, Lee J, et al. Fundus photography in the 21st century—a review of recent technological advances and their implications for worldwide healthcare. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(3):198–208.doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon PH. The english national screening programme for diabetic retinopathy 2003–2016. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54:515–525. doi:10.1007/s00592-017-0974-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi L, Wu H, Dong J. et al. Telemedicine for detecting diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:823–831. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-30563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Public Health England. Breaking down barriers to diabetic eye screening attendance, https://phescreening.blog.gov.uk/2018/11/14/breaking-down-barriers-to-diabetic-eye-screening-attendance/ (accessed march 16, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Roser P, Kalscheuer H, Groener JB, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy screening ratio is improved when using a digital, nonmydriatic fundus camera onsite in a diabetes outpatient clinic. J Diabetes Res. 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/4101890. [ Article ID 4101890].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeganathan VSE, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Ocular associations of diabetes other than diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(9):1905–1912. doi:10.2337/dc08-0342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim DA, Mitry D, Alexander P, et al. The evolution of teleophthalmology programs in the United Kingdom: beyond diabetic retinopathy screening. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2016;10(2):308–317.doi:10.1177/1932296816629983.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NHS Screening Programmes – Diabetic Eye. Diabetic eye screening feature-based grading forms. Guidance on standard feature-based grading forms to be used in the NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme. Version 1.4, 1 November 2012 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/402295/Feature_Based_Grading_Forms_V1_4_1Nov12_SSG.pdf
   Google Scholar
• NHS Public Health England - NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme. Grading definitions for referable disease. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/582710/Grading_definitions_for_referrable_disease_2017_new_110117.pdf Published January 2017
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina/Vitreous Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Age-Related Macular Degeneration. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2015. www.aao.org/ppp.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Brandt JD, et al. The ocular hypertension treatment study. baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:714–720. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.6.714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Glaucoma Society terminology and guidelines for glaucoma, 4th edition 2014 supported by the European Glaucoma Society Foundation: 48-54. www.eugs.org. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-EGSguideline.001.
   Google Scholar
• Keith NM, Wagener HP, Barker NW. Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. Ann J Med Sci. 1939;191:332–343. doi:10.1097/00000441-193903000-00006.
   Google Scholar
• Chen X, Rong SS, Xu Q, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e108196.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew EY, Schachat AP. Should we add screening of age-related macular degeneration to current screening programs for diabetic retinopathy? Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2155–2156. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura H, Goto R, Akune Y, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for age-related macular degeneration in Japan: a Markov modeling study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133628. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallak JA, de Cisternes L, Osborne A, et al. Imaging, genetic, and demographic factors associated with conversion to neovascular age-related macular degeneration. secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;137(7):738–744.doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domalpally A, Agron E, Pak JW et al. Prevalence, risk and genetic association of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration. AREDS2 report 20. Published online July 29, 2019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.07.022
   Google Scholar
• Hadziahmetovic M, Nicholas P, Jindal S, et al. Evaluation of a remote diagnosis imaging model vs dilated eye examination in referable macular degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 May 16. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2016. www.aao.org/ppp.
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Suspect. San Francisco, CA; American Academy of Ophthalmology: 2016. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.055.
   Google Scholar
• Gangwani RA, McGhee SM, Laj JS, et al. Detection of glaucoma and its association with diabetic retinopathy in a diabetic retinopathy screening program. J Glaucoma. 2016;25(1):101–105.doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong HS, Levin S, Ahmed F, et al. Is glaucoma screening using national diabetic retinopathy programme images effective? ARVO Ann Meet Abst IOVS. 2009;50(13):4090.
   Google Scholar
• Myers JS, Fudemberg SJ, Lee D. Evolution of optic nerve photography for glaucoma screening: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;46:169–176. doi:10.1111/ceo.13138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin B, Shuttleworth G, Costen M. et al. A comparison of stereoscopic and monoscopic evaluation of optic disc topography using a digital optic disc stereo camera. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:1347–1351. doi:10.1136/bjo.85.11.1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan HH, Ong CN, Kong YX, et al. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy evaluation (GONE) project: the effect of monoscopic versus stereoscopic viewing conditions on optic nerve evaluation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157(5):936–944.doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.01.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman-Casey PA, Verkade AJ, Oren G, Robin AL. Gaps in Glaucoma care: a systematic review of monoscopic disc photos to screen for glaucoma. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2014;9(6):467–474. doi:10.1586/17469899.2014.967218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal D, Gelman R, Prospero Ponce C, et al. The vitreomacular interface in diabetic retinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2015. [ Article ID 392983]. doi:10.1155/2015/392983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Yue S, Wu J, et al. The prevalence and distribution of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities among urban community population in China. J Ophthalmol. 2015. [ Article ID 742686]. doi:10.1155/2015/742686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKibbin M, Farragher T, Shickle D. UK biobank eye and vision consortium. vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in middle-aged adults with visual impairment in the UK Biobank study: prevalence, impact on visual acuity and associations. BMJ Open Ophth. 2017;1:e000057. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2016-000057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao W, Chen X, Yan W. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e014644. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Yan YN, Wang YX, et al. Ten-year cumulative incidence of epiretinal membranes assessed on fundus photographs. The Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0195768. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long AN, Dagogo-Jack S. The comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension: mechanisms and approach to target organ protection. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13(4):244–251. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00434.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Sala C, Grassi G. Updated classification of hypertensive retinopathy: which role for cardiovascular risk stratification? J Hypertens. 2015;33:2204–2206. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laouri M, Chen E, Looman M. et al. The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion: review of the literature. Eye. 2011;25:981–988. doi:10.1038/eye.2011.92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma DD, Cugati S, Lee AW. et al. A review of central retinal artery occlusion: clinical presentation and management. Eye. 2013;27:688–697. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T, Song D, Shan G, et al. The association between diabetes mellitus and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9):e76653.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• https://eyewiki.aao.org/Arteritic_Anterior_Ischemic_Optic_Neuropathy_(AAION)
   Google Scholar
• Al-Hinai AS, Al-Abri MS, Al-Hajri RH. Diabetic papillopathy with macular edema treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2011;4(3):135–138. doi:10.4103/0974-620X.91270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kale N. Optic neuritis as an early sign of multiple sclerosis. Eye Brain. 2016;8:195–202. doi:10.2147/EB.S54131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien JL, Sioufi K, Surakiatchanukul T, et al. Choroidal nevus: a review of prevalence, features, genetics, risks, and outcomes. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28(3):228–237.doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranz BA, Dave N, Komatsubara KM. et al. Uveal melanoma: epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of primary disease. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:279–289. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S89591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina/Vitreous Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Diabetic Retinopathy. San Francisco, CA:American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2017:4. www.aao.org/ppp
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2016:224. www.aao.org/ppp
   Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zupan NJ, Swearingen R. et al. Identification of barriers, facilitators and system-based implementation strategies to increase teleophthalmology use for diabetic eye screening in a rural US primary care clinic: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e022594. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swagerty DL Jr. The impact of age-related visual impairment on functional independence in the elderly. Kansas Med. 1995;96:24–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott AW, Bressler NM, Folkes S, et al. Public attitudes about eye and vision health. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(10):1111–1118.doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niihata K, Fukuma S, Hiratsuka Y, et al. Association between vision-specific quality of life and falls in community-dwelling older adults: LOHAS. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0195806.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casten RJ, Rovner BW. Update on depression and age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(3):239–243. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32835f8e55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz-Filho A, Abe RY, Cho HJ, et al. Fast visual field progression is associated with depressive symptoms in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(4):754–759.doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.12.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melles RB, Conell C, Siegner SW, Tarasewicz D. Diabetic retinopathy screening using a virtual reading center. Acta Diabetol. Published 03 August 2019. doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01392-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucher MC, Desroches G, Garcia-Salines R. et al. Teleophthalmology screening for diabetic retinopathy through mobile imaging units within Canada. Can J Ophthalmol. 2008;43:658–668. doi:10.3129/i08-120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology. Task force on telemedicine in ophthalmology. telemedicine in ophthalmology information statement. American Academy of Ophthalmology 2018. https://www.aao.org/clinical-statement/telemedicine-ophthalmology-information-statement
   Google Scholar
• Provetti-Cunha L, Alvernaz Figuereido E, Pereira Araùjo H, et al. Non-mydriatic fundus retinography in screening for diabetic retinopathy: agreement between family physicians, general ophthalmologists, and a retinal specialist. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9: art251 doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JJ, Baker ML, Hand PJ. et al. Transient ischemic attack and acute ischemic stroke associations with retinal microvascular signs. Stroke. 2011;42:404–408. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.598599.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vuong LN, Thulasi P, Biousse V. et al. Ocular fundus photography of patients with focal neurologic deficits in an emergency department. Neurology. 2015;85:256–262. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MJ, Deal J, Ramulu PY, et al. Prevalence of retinal signs and association with cognitive status: the ARIC neurocognitive study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Jun;67(6):1197–1203. doi:10.1111/jgs.15795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park D, Mansberger SL. Eye disease in patients with diabetes screened with telemedicine. Telemed Ad e-Health. 2017;23(2):113–118. doi:10.1089/tmj.2016.0034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. 1968;WHO Public Health Papers 34, World Health Organization, Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Andermann A, Blancquaert I, Beauchamp S, Revisiting Wilson DV. Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(4):317–319. doi:10.2471/BLT.07.050112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das T, Raman R, Ramasamy K, Rani PK. Telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy: current status and future directions. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2015;22(2):174–178. doi:10.4103/0974-9233.154391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar