108
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Generational Differences in the 10-year Incidence of Impaired Contrast Sensitivity

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 175-182 | Received 21 Nov 2019, Accepted 28 Jun 2020, Published online: 21 Jul 2020

References

  • Ford ES, Roger VL, Dunlay SM, Go AS, Rosamond WD. Challenges of ascertaining national trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e001097. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001097.
  • Aparicio HJ, Himali JJ, Satizabal CL, et al. Temporal trends in ischemic stroke incidence in younger adults in the framingham study. Stroke. 2019;50(6):1558-1560. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.025171.
  • Satizabal CL, Beiser AS, Chouraki V, Chêne G, Dufouil C, Seshadri S. Incidence of dementia over three decades in the framingham heart study. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:523–532. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1504327.
  • Zhan W, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK, et al. Generational differences in the prevalence of hearing impairment in older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171:260–266. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp370.
  • Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Johnson LJ, et al. Generational differences in the 5-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(12):1417–1423. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.5001.
  • Klein R, Knudtson MD, Lee KE, Gangnon RE, Klein BEK. Age-period-cohort effect on the incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(9):1460–1467. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.01.026.
  • Owsley C, Sloane ME. Contrast sensitivity, acuity, and the perception of ‘real-world’ targets. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71(10):791–796. doi:10.1136/bjo.71.10.791.
  • Rubin GS, Bandeen-Roche K, Huang GH, et al. The association of multiple visual impairments with self-reported visual disability: SEE project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(1):64–72.
  • West SK, Rubin GS, Broman AT, Muñoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, Turano K. How does visual impairment affect performance on tasks of everyday life? The SEE project. Salisbury eye evaluation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(6):774–780. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.6.774.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Cruickshanks KJ. Performance-based and self-assessed measures of visual function as related to history of falls, hip fractures, and measured gait time. The beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(1):160–164. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91911-X.
  • de Boer MR, Pluijm SMF, Lips P, et al. Different aspects of visual impairment as risk factors for falls and fractures in older men and women. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(9):1539–1547. doi:10.1359/JBMR.040504.
  • Paulsen AJ, Schubert CR, Johnson LJ, et al. Association of cadmium and lead exposure with the incidence of contrast sensitivity impairment among middle-aged adults. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(12):1342–1350. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.3931.
  • Pelli DG, Bex P. Measuring contrast sensitivity. Vision Res. 2013;90:10–14. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2013.04.015.
  • Rubin GS, West SK, Muñoz B, et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. The SEE study. Salisbury eye evaluation project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(3):557–568.
  • Zhan W, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK, et al. Modifiable determinants of hearing impairment in adults. Prev Med. 2011;53(4–5):338–342. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.08.012.
  • Nash SD, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, et al. The prevalence of hearing impairment and associated risk factors: the beaver dam offspring study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;137(5):432–439. doi:10.1001/archoto.2011.15.
  • Pelli DG, Robson JG, Wilkins AJ. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin Vis Sci. 1988; 2(3):187–199.
  • Klein R, Meuer SM, Moss SE, Klein BE, Neider MW, Reinke J. Detection of age-related macular degeneration using a nonmydriatic digital camera and a standard film fundus camera. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(11):1642–1646. doi:10.1001/archopht.122.11.1642.
  • Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Nash SD, et al. The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and associated risk factors: the beaver dam offspring study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128(6):750–758. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.92.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Linton KL, Magli YL, Neider MW. Assessment of cataracts from photographs in the beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 1990;97(11):1428–1433. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(90)32391-6.
  • Ferris FL, Kassoff A, Bresnick GH, Bailey I. New visual acuity charts for clinical research. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94(1):91–96. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(82)90197-0.
  • Zhong W, Cruickshanks KJ, Huang GH, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function in midlife: the beaver dam offspring study. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219(1):330–333. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.013.
  • Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53(282):457–481. doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452.
  • Singer JD, Willet JB. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.
  • Alisson PD. Survival Analysis Using the SAS System: A Practical Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1995.
  • Nolan JM, Power R, Stringham J, et al. Enrichment of macular pigment enhances contrast sensitivity in subjects free of retinal disease: central retinal enrichment supplementation trials – report 1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(7):3429–3439. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19520.
  • Stringham JM, O’Brien KJ, Stringham NT, Sensitivity C. Lateral inhibition are enhanced with macular carotenoid supplementation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(4):2291–2295. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-21087.
  • Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 13th ed. Washington D.C.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;Public Health Foundation; 2015.
  • Pei F, Baldassi S, Tsai JJ, Gerhard HE, Norcia AM. Development of contrast normalization mechanisms during childhood and adolescence. Vision Res. 2017;133:12–20. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2016.03.010.
  • Benn CS, Netea MG, Selin LK, Aaby P. A small jab – a big effect: nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(9):431–439. doi:10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004.
  • Mina MJ. Measles, immune suppression and vaccination: direct and indirect nonspecific vaccine benefits. J Infect. 2017;74(Suppl 1):S10–S17. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30185-8.
  • Gollogly HE, Hodge DO, St. Sauver JL, Erie JC. Increasing incidence of cataract surgery: population-based study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(9):1383–1389. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.03.027.
  • Klein BEK, Howard KP, Lee KE, Klein R. Changing incidence of lens extraction over twenty years: the beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(1):5–9. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.06.006.
  • Qui M, Wang SY, Singh K, Lin SC. Racial disparities in uncorrected and undercorrected refractive error in the United States. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:6996–7005. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12662.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.