Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors among School Students in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic

References

• American Optometric Association. Computer vision syndrome. https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/protecting-your-vision/computer-vision-syndrome. Accessed May 30, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Ophthalmology. Computers, digital devices and eye strain. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/computer-usage. Accessed May 30, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Blehm C, Vishnu S, Khattak A, Mitra S, Yee RW. Computer vision syndrome: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(3):253–262. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.02.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfield M. Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011;31(5):502–515. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00834.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy SC, Low CK, Lim YP, Low LL, Mardina F, Nursaleha MP. Computer vision syndrome: a study of knowledge and practices in university students. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2013;5(2):161–168. doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8707.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Logaraj M, Madhupriya V, Hegde S. Computer vision syndrome and associated factors among medical and engineering students in chennai. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(2):179–185. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.129028.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poudel S, Khanal SP. Magnitude and determinants of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among IT workers in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2020;12(24):245–251. doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v12i2.29387.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Assefa NL, Weldemichael DZ, Alemu HW, Anbesse DH. Prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among bank workers in Gondar City, northwest Ethiopia, 2015. Clin Optom (Auckl). 2017;9:67–76. doi:10.2147/OPTO.S126366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CW, Tsai A, Jonas JB, et al. Digital screen time during COVID-19 pandemic: risk for a further myopia boom? Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;223:333-337. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.034.
   Google Scholar
• Segui Mdel M, Cabrero-Garcia J, Crespo A, Verdu J, Ronda E. A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(6):662–673. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Tawil L, Aldokhayel S, Zeitouni L, Qadoumi T, Hussein S, Ahamed SS. Prevalence of self-reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among university students. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2020;30(1):189–195. doi:10.1177/1120672118815110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowatt L, Gordon C, Santosh ABR, Jones T. Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students. Int J Clin Pract. 2018;72(1):e13035. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Deng G, Zhang Z, et al. A cross sectional study between the prevalence of chronic pain and academic pressure in adolescents in China (Shanghai). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(1):219. doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0625-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patil A, Bhavya B, Chaudhury S, Srivastava S. Eyeing computer vision syndrome: awareness, knowledge, and its impact on sleep quality among medical students. Ind Psychiatry J. 2019;28(1):68–74. doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_93_18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talens-Estarelles C, Garcia-Marques JV, Cervino A, Garcia-Lazaro S. Use of digital displays and ocular surface alterations: a review. Ocul Surf. 2021;19:252-265. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.10.001.
   Google Scholar
• Twenge JM, Campbell WK. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: evidence from a population-based study. Prev Med Rep. 2018;12:271–283. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Czepita M, Kuprjanowicz L, Safranow K, et al. The role of outdoor activity in the development of myopia in schoolchildren. Pomeranian J Life Sci. 2016;62(4):30–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deng L, Pang Y. The role of outdoor activity in myopia prevention. Eye Sci. 2015;30:137–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and urban regions of Beijing. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(2):277–283. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(11):1142–1148. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu PC, Chen CT, Lin KK, et al. Myopia Prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster Randomized Trial. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(8):1239–1250. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu PC, Tsai CL, Hu CH, Yang YH. Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010;17(5):338–342. doi:10.3109/09286586.2010.508347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu PC, Tsai CL, Wu HL, Yang YH, Kuo HK. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(5):1080–1085. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadnik K, Mutti DO. Outdoor activity protects against childhood myopia-let the sun shine In. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(5):415–416. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu PC, Chen CT, Chang LC, et al. Increased time outdoors is followed by reversal of the long-term trend to reduced visual acuity in Taiwan primary school students. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(11):1462–1469. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.01.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar