Prevalence of Trachoma following Implementation of the SAFE Strategy in Three Local Government Areas of Taraba State, North Eastern Nigeria

References

• Naidoo K, Kempen JH, Gichuhi S, et al. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(12):1658–1668.doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030 [ Available at: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/Ending-the-neglect-to-attain-the-SDGs–NTD-Roadmap.pdf accessed 21 May 2020]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Alliance for the Global. Elimination of Trachoma by 2020: progress report on elimination of trachoma, 2020. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2021;96(31): 353–364.
   Google Scholar
• Flaxman SR, Bourne, RRA, and Resnikoff, S, et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1221–e1234. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson PM, Lindsay SW, Alexander N, et al. Role of flies and provision of latrines in trachoma control: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9415):1093–1098. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15891-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller K, Pakpour N, Yi E, et al. Pesky trachoma suspect finally caught. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(6):750–751. doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.038661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versteeg B, Vasileva H, Houghton J, et al. Viability PCR shows that non-ocular surfaces could contribute to transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in trachoma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(7):e0008449.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008449).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Last A, Versteeg B, Shafi Abdurahman O, et al. Detecting extra-ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in a trachoma-endemic community in Ethiopia: identifying potential routes of transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(3):e0008120.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008120).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey R, Duong T, Carpenter R, Whittle H, Mabey D. The duration of human ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection is age dependent. Epidemiol Infect. 1999;123(3):479–486. doi:10.1017/S0950268899003076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Holland MJ, Burton MJ, et al. Strategies for control of trachoma: observational study with quantitative PCR. Lancet. 2003;362(9379):198–204.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13909-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Peeling RW, Foster A, Mabey DC. Diagnosis and assessment of trachoma. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17(4):982–1011. doi:10.1128/CMR.17.4.982-1011.2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Kello AB, Bangert M, et al. The simplified trachoma grading system, amended. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98(10):698–705.doi:10.2471/blt.19.248708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thylefors B, Dawson CR, Jones BR, West SK, Taylor HR. A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications. Bull World Health Organ. 1987: 65(4): 477–483. PMID: 3500800; PMCID: PMC2491032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Report of the 4th Global Scientific Meeting on Trachoma, Geneva, 27–29 November 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Accessed 6 July 2022. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325121/WHO-CDS-NTD-PCT-2019.03-eng.pdf?ua=1.
   Google Scholar
• Gambhir M, Basanez MG, Burton MJ, et al. The development of an age-structured model for trachoma transmission dynamics, pathogenesis and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(6):e462.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis V, Turner V. Achieving Community Support for Trachoma Control (WHO/PBL/93.36). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Zondervan, M, Kuper , H et al. Trachoma Control : A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Kalua K, Chisambi A, Chainyanya D, et al. One round of azithromycin MDA adequate to interrupt transmission in districts with prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular of 5.0-9.9%: evidence from Malawi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(6):e0006543.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006543).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Technical consultation on trachoma surveillance: meeting report. September 11−12, 2014, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, USA. 2015. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/174085/WHO_HTM_NTD_2015.02_en.pdf2015?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Validation of Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem (WHO/HTM/NTD/2016.8). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Mission To Save The Helpless (MITOSATH). Report of trachoma population-based survey in three Local Government Areas of Taraba State [unpublished document]. (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Umar MM, Mpyet C, Muhammad N, et al. Prevalance of trachoma in 13 Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018;25(sup1):18–24.doi:10.1080/09286586.2017.1368670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Neglected Tropical Diseases. Design Parameters for Population-based Trachoma Prevalence Surveys (WHO/HTM/NTD/PCT/2018.07). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• National Population Commission. 2006 Population and Housing Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: National and State Population and Housing Tables, Priority Tables (volume 1). Abuja: National Population Commission; 2009. Accessed 6 July 2022. www.population.gov.ng
   Google Scholar
• Turner AG, Magnani RJ, Shuaib M. A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Cluster Survey design. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(1):198–203. doi:10.1093/ije/25.1.198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milligan P, Njie A, Bennett S. Comparison of two cluster sampling methods for health surveys in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33(3):469–476. doi:10.1093/ije/dyh096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Le Mesurier RT, Williams WJ. A diagnostic instrument to help field graders evaluate active trachoma. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018;1–4. doi:10.1080/09286586.2018.1500616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO). Core questions on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys: 2018 update. New York, 2018. Accessed 6 July 2022. Available from: https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2019-03/JMP-2018-core-questions-for-household-surveys.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Pavluck A, Courtright P, et al. The Global Trachoma Mapping Project: methodology of a 34-country population-based study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2015;22(3):214–225.doi:10.3109/09286586.2015.1037401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Willis R, Pavluck AL, et al. Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Global Trachoma Mapping Project. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;99(4):858–863.doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Hooper PJ, and Bangert M, et al. The Importance of Failure: how Doing Impact Surveys That Fail Saves Trachoma Programs Money. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103(6):2481–2487. 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0686
   Google Scholar
• Wilson N, Goodhew B, Mkocha H, et al. Evaluation of a Single Dose of Azithromycin for Trachoma in Low-Prevalence Communities. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2019;26(1):1–6.doi:10.1080/09286586.2017.1293693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster JP, Molyneux DH, Hotez PJ, and Fenwick A. The contribution of mass drug administration to global health: past, present and future. Philos tTans RSoc LondB, BiolSci. 2014;369(1645):20130434. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0434.
   Google Scholar
• Harding-Esch EM, Sillah A, Edwards T, et al. Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? Results from the PRET Trial in the Gambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(6):e2115.doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002115).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amza A, Kadri B, Nassirou B, et al. Effectiveness of expanding annual mass azithromycin distribution treatment coverage for trachoma in Niger: a cluster randomised trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;102(5):680–686.doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Melese M, et al. Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma. Jama. 2006;295(10):1142–1146. doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jha H, Chaudary JS, Bhatta R, et al. Disappearance of trachoma from Western Nepal. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(6):765–768. doi:10.1086/342298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon AW, Holland MJ, Alexander ND, et al. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(19):1962–1971.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migchelsen SJ, Sepulveda N, Martin DL, et al. Serology reflects a decline in the prevalence of trachoma in two regions of The Gambia. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15040.doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15056-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Courtright P, Sheppart J, Lane S, Sadek A, Schacter J, Dawsom CR. Latrine ownership as a protective factor in inflammatory trachoma in Egypt. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75(6):322–325. doi:10.1136/bjo.75.6.322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amnie AG, Emerson P, McFarland D, King J, Miri E, Dickman L. An impact evaluation of two rounds of mass drug administration on the prevalence of active trachoma: a clustered cross sectional survey. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(8):e0201911. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly-Hope LA, Sanders AM, and Harding-Esch E, et al. Complex emergencies and the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases in Africa: developing a practical approach for implementing safe and effective mapping and intervention strategies. Confl Health. 2021;15(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13031-021-00356-7. PMID: 33789715; PMCID: PMC8010498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Trachoma [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 May 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma
   Google Scholar