171
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Definition-Dependent Nature of Myopia Prevalence: A Nationwide Study of 1.5 Million Adolescents

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 515-522 | Received 03 May 2022, Accepted 12 Dec 2022, Published online: 04 Jan 2023

References

  • Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–1042.doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
  • Sankaridurg P, Tahhan N, Kandel H, et al. IMI impact of myopia. Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(5):2.doi:10.1167/iovs.62.5.2.
  • Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, et al. IMI - defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(3):M20–M30.doi:10.1167/iovs.18-25957.
  • World Health Organization. The Impact of myopia and high myopia: report of the joint world health organisation-Brian Holden vision institute global scientific meeting on myopia. World Heal Organ Holden Vis Inst. 2015March;1–40.https://www.who.int/blindness/causes/MyopiaReportforWeb.pdf
  • Gopalakrishnan A, Hussaindeen JR, Sivaraman V, et al. The Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) study-defining a threshold for non-cycloplegic myopia prevalence in children. J Clin Med. 2021;10(6):1215.doi:10.3390/jcm10061215.
  • Mutti DO, Hayes JR, Mitchell GL, et al. Refractive error, axial length, and relative peripheral refractive error before and after the onset of myopia. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(6):2510–2519.doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0562.
  • Zadnik K, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al. Prediction of juvenile-onset myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(6):683–689.doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471.
  • Williams KM, Bertelsen G, Cumberland P, et al. Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the Impact of Education. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(7):1489–1497.doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.03.018.
  • Lee DC, Lee SY, Kim YC. An epidemiological study of the risk factors associated with myopia in young adult men in Korea. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1): doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18926-2.
  • Twig G, Yaniv G, Levine H, et al. Body-mass index in 2.3 million adolescents and cardiovascular death in adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(25):2430–2440.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1503840.
  • Peled A, Afek A, Twig G, et al. Myopia and childhood migration: a study of 607 862 adolescents. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(6):713–723.doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.12.001.
  • Pärssinen O, Kauppinen M, Viljanen A. Astigmatism among myopics and its changes from childhood to adult age: a 23-year follow-up study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93(3):276–283. doi:10.1111/aos.12572.
  • Twig G, Zucker I, Afek A, et al. Adolescent obesity and early-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1487–1495.doi:10.2337/dc19-1988.
  • Megreli J, Barak A, Bez M, Bez D, Levine H. Association of Myopia with cognitive function among one million adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1): doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08765-8.
  • Shapira Y, Mimouni M, Machluf Y, Chaiter Y, Saab H, Mezer E. The increasing burden of myopia in Israel among young adults over a generation: analysis of predisposing factors. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(12):1617–1626. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.025.
  • Bar Dayan Y, Levin A, Morad Y, et al. The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: a 13-year series of population-based prevalence surveys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(8):2760–2765.doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0260.
  • Bez D, Megreli J, Bez M, Avramovich E, Barak A, Levine H. Association between type of educational system and prevalence and severity of myopia among male adolescents in Israel. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019;137(8):887–893. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1415.
  • Cumberland PM, Bountziouka V, Rahi JS. Impact of varying the definition of myopia on estimates of prevalence and associations with risk factors: time for an approach that serves research, practice and policy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(10):1407–1412. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311557.
  • Fotouhi A, Morgan IG, Iribarren R, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. Validity of noncycloplegic refraction in the assessment of refractive errors: the Tehran eye study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90(4):380–386. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01983.x.
  • Mimouni M, Zoller L, Horowitz J, Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Morad Y, Mezer E. Cycloplegic autorefraction in young adults: is it mandatory? Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;254(2):395–398. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3246-1.
  • Bullimore MA, Richdale K. Myopia Control 2020: where are we and where are we heading? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2020;40(3):254–270. doi:10.1111/opo.12686.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.