Circadian basis of seasonal timing in higher vertebrates

References

• Abe M, Herzog ED, Yamazaki S, Straume M, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Menaker M, Block GD. 2002. Circadian rhythms in isolated brain regions. J Neurosci. 22:350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahamson EE, Moore RY. 2001. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in the mouse: retinal innervation, intrinsic organization and efferent projections. Brain Res. 916:172–191.10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02890-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antle MC, Smith VM, Sterniczuk R, Yamakawa GR, Rakai BD. 2009. Physiological responses of the circadian clock to acute light exposure at night. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 10:279–291.10.1007/s11154-009-9116-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey MJ, Beremand PD, Hammer R, Bell-Pedersen D, Thomas TL, Cassone VM. 2003. Transcriptional profiling of the chick pineal gland, a photoreceptive circadian oscillator and pacemaker. Mol Endocrinol. 17:2084–2095.10.1210/me.2003-0121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell-Pedersen D, Cassone VM, Earnest DJ, Golden SS, Hardin PE, Thomas TL, Zoran MJ. 2005. Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms. Nat Rev Genet. 6:544–556.10.1038/nrg1633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit J. 1935. Le role des yeux dans l’action stimulante de la lumiere sure le developpement testiulaire chez le canard. CR Soc Biol (Paris). 118:669–671.
   Google Scholar
• Bentley GE, Van’t Hof TJ, Ball GF. 1999. Seasonal neuroplasticity in the songbird telencephalon: a role for melatonin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:4674–4679.10.1073/pnas.96.8.4674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley GE, Tucker S, Chou H, Hau M, Perfito N. 2013. Testicular growth and regression are not correlated with Dio2 expression in a wild male songbird, Sturnus vulgaris, exposed to natural changes in photoperiod. Endocrinology 154: 1813–1819.10.1210/en.2013-1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann M. 1987. Photoperiod and testicular function in Phodopus sungorus. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 105:1–4.10.1007/978-3-642-71930-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthold P, Bauer HG, Westhead V. 2001. Bird Migration: A General Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bittman EL, Dempsey RJ, Karsch FJ. 1983. Pineal melatonin secretion drives the reproductive response to day length in the ewe. Endocrinology. 113:2276–2283.10.1210/endo-113-6-2276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandstätter R, Abraham U. 2003. Hypothalamic circadian organization in birds. I. Anatomy, functional morphology, and terminology of the suprachiasmatic region. Chronobiol Int. 20:637–655.10.1081/CBI-120023343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandstätter R, Abraham U, Albrecht U. 2001. Initial demonstration of rhythmic Per gene expression in the hypothalamus of a non-mammalian vertebrate, the house sparrow. Neuroreport. 12:1167–70.10.1097/00001756-200105080-00023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown TM, Banks JR, Piggins HD. 2006. A novel suction electrode recording technique for monitoring circadian rhythms in single and multiunit discharge from brain slices. J Neurosci Methods. 156:173–181.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budki P, Rani S, Kumar V. 2012. Persistence of circannual rhythms under constant periodic and aperiodic light conditions: sex differences and relationship with the external environment. J Exp Biol. 215:3774–3785.10.1242/jeb.065581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprioli M, Ambrosini R, Boncoraglio G, Gatti E, Romano A, Romano M, Rubolini D, Gianfranceschi L, Saino N. 2012. Clock gene variation is associated with breeding phenology and maybe under directional selection in the migratory barn swallow. PLoS ONE. 7:e35140.10.1371/journal.pone.0035140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter DS, Goldman BD. 1983. Antigonadal effects of timed melatonin infusion in pinealectomized male Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus): duration is the critical parameter. Endocrinology. 113:1261–1267.10.1210/endo-113-4-1261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassone VM. 2014. Avian circadian organization: a chorus of clocks. Front Neuroendocrinol. 35:76–88.10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassone VM, Yoshimura T. 2015. Circannual cycles and photoperiodism. In: Scanes, CG, editor. Sturkie’s Avian Physiology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 829–844.10.1016/B978-0-12-407160-5.00035-X
   Google Scholar
• Coomans CP, Ramkisoensing A, Meijer JH. 2015. The suprachiasmatic nuclei as a seasonal clock. Front Neuroendocrinol. 37:29–42.10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson A. 2007. Seasonality in a temperate zone bird can be entrained by near equatorial photoperiods. Proc Biol Sci. 274:721–725.10.1098/rspb.2006.0067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibner C, Schibler U, Albrecht U. 2010. The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks. Annu Rev Physiol. 72:517–549.10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doi M, Nakajima Y, Okano T, Fukada Y. 2001. Light-induced phase-delay of the chicken pineal circadian clock is associated with the induction of cE4bp4, a potential transcriptional repressor of cPer2 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:8089–8094.10.1073/pnas.141090998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farajnia S, van Westering TL, Meijer JH, Michel S. 2014. Seasonal induction of GABAergic excitation in the central mammalian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:9627–9632.10.1073/pnas.1319820111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follett BK, Sharp PJ. 1969. Circadian rhythmicity in photoperiodically induced gonadotrophin release and gonadal growth in the quail. Nature. 223:968–971.10.1038/223968b0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Gall C, Garabette ML, Kell CA, Frenzel S, Dehghani F, Schumm-Draeger PM, Weaver DR, Korf HW, Hastings MH, Stehle JH. 2002. Rhythmic gene expression in pituitary depends on heterologous sensitization by the neurohormone melatonin. Nat Neurosci. 5:234–238.10.1038/nn806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman BD. 2001. Mammalian photoperiodic system: formal properties and neuroendocrine mechanisms of photoperiodic time measurement. J Biol Rhythms. 16:283–301.10.1177/074873001129001980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss RJ. 1984. Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer. VI. Circannual rhythms on altered day lengths. J Exp Zool. 230:265–271.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-010X
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gwinner E. 1986. Circannual rhythms: endogenous annual clocks in the organization of seasonal processes. Berlin, Heildelberg: Springer- Verlag.10.1007/978-3-642-82870-6
   Google Scholar
• Gwinner E, König S, Zeman M. 1995. Endogenous gonadal, LH and molt rhythms in tropical stonechats: effect of pair bond on period, amplitude, and pattern of circannual cycles. J Comp Physiol A. 177:73–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halford S, Pires SS, Turton M, Zheng L, González-Menéndez I, Davies WL, Peirson SN, García-Fernández JM, Hankins MW, Foster RG. 2009. VA opsin-based photoreceptors in the hypothalamus of birds. Curr Biol. 19:1396–1402.10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazlerigg D, Loudon A. 2008. New Insights into ancient seasonal life timers. Curr Biol. 18:R795–804.10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helfer G, Fidler AE, Vallone D, Foulkes NS, Brandstaetter R. 2006. Molecular analysis of clock gene expression in the avian brain. Chronobiol Int. 23:113–127.10.1080/07420520500521871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm B, Schwabl I, Gwinner E. 2009. Circannual basis of geographically distinct bird schedules. J Exp Biol. 212:1259–1269.10.1242/jeb.025411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm B, Ben-Shlomo R, Sheriff MJ, Hut RA, Foster R, Barnes BM, Dominoni D. 2013. Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change. Proc Biol Sci. 280:20130016.10.1098/rspb.2013.0016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiebert SM, Thomas EM, Lee TM, Pelz KM, Yellon SM, Zucker I. 2000. Photic entrainment of circannual rhythms in golden-mantled ground squirrels: role of the pineal gland. J Biol Rhythms. 15:126–134.10.1177/074873040001500207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann K. 1979. Photoperiod, pineal, melatonin and reproduction in hamsters. Prog Brain Res. 52:397–415.10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62946-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Homma K, Ohta M, Sakakibara Y. 1979. In: Suda M, Hayaishi O, Nakagawa H, editors. Biological Rhythms and their Central Mechanism. Amsterdam: Elsevier; p. 85–94.
   Google Scholar
• Howles CM, Craigon J, Haynes NB. 1982. Long-term rhythms of testicular volume and plasma prolactin concentrations in rams reared for 3 years in constant photoperiod. J Reprod Fertil. 65:439–446.10.1530/jrf.0.0650439
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang W, Ramsey KM, Marcheva B, Bass J. 2011. Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism. J Clin Invest. 121:2133–2141.10.1172/JCI46043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juss TS, Meddle SL, Servant RS, King VM. 1993. Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Proc R Soc B. 254:21–28.10.1098/rspb.1993.0121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körtner G, Geiser F. 2000. The temporal organization of daily torpor and hibernation: circadian and circannual rhythms. Chronobiol Int. 17(2):103–28.10.1081/CBI-100101036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klüg-Baerwald BJ, Brigham RM. 2017. Hung out to dry? Intraspecific variation in water loss in a hibernating bat. Oecologia. 183:977–985.10.1007/s00442-017-3837-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo N, Sekijima T, Kondo J, Takamatsu N, Tohya K, Ohtsu T. 2006. Circannual control of hibernation by HP complex in the brain. Cell. 125:161.10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V. 2002. Melatonin and circadian rhythmicity in birds. In: Dawson A, Chaturvedi CM, editors. Avian Endocrinology. New Delhi: Narosa Publishing House; p. 93–112.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Singh BP, Rani S. 2004. The bird clock: a complex, multi-oscillatory and highly diversified system. Biol Rhythm Res. 35:121–144.10.1080/09291010412331313287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Wingfield JC, Dawson A, Ramenofsky M, Rani S, Bartell P. 2010. Biological clocks and regulation of seasonal reproduction and migration in birds. Physiol Biochem Zool. 83:827–835.10.1086/652243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford GA, Ainsworth L, Marcus GJ, Shrestha JN. 1987. Photoperiod entrainment of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin cycles in rams in relation to testis size and semen quality. Biol Reprod. 37:489–499.10.1095/biolreprod37.2.489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liedvogel M, Szulkin M, Knowles SCL, Wood MJ, Sheldon BC. 2009. Phenotypic correlates of Clock gene variation in a wild blue tit population: evidence for a role in seasonal timing of reproduction. Mol Ecol. 18:2444–2456.10.1111/mec.2009.18.issue-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln GA, Clarke IJ. 2000. Role of the pituitary gland in the development of photorefractoriness and generation of long-term changes in prolactin secretion in rams. Biol Reprod. 62:432–438.10.1095/biolreprod62.2.432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln G, Messager S, Andersson H, Hazlerigg D. 2002. Temporal expression of seven clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the pars tuberalis of the sheep: evidence for an internal coincidence timer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:13890–13895.10.1073/pnas.212517599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln GA, Andersson H, Loudon A. 2003. Clock genes in calendar cells as the basis of annual timekeeping in mammals- a unifying hypothesis. J Endocrinol. 179:1–13.10.1677/joe.0.1790001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas RJ. 2013. Mammalian inner retinal photoreception. Curr Biol. 23:R125–33.10.1016/j.cub.2012.12.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen EA, van Diepen HC, Houben T, Michel S, Colwell CS, Meijer JH. 2012. Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in seasonal encoding by the suprachiasmatic nucleus clock. Eur J Neurosci. 35:1466–1474.10.1111/ejn.2012.35.issue-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik S, Yadav G, Rani S, Kumar V. 2014. Light wavelength dependent circadian and seasonal responses in blackheaded bunting. Indian J Exp Biol. 52:448–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maywood ES, Chesham JE, O’Brien JA, Hastings MH. 2011. A diversity of paracrine signals sustains molecular circadian cycling in suprachiasmatic nucleus circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:14306–14311.10.1073/pnas.1101767108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald PA. 1982. Influence of pinealectomy and photoperiod on courtship and nest-building in male doves. Physiol Behav. 29:813–818.10.1016/0031-9384(82)90330-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messager S, Garabette ML, Hastings MH, Hazlerigg DG. 2001. Tissue-specific abolition of Per1 expression in the pars tuberalis by pinealectomy in the Syrian hamster. Neuroreport. 12:579–582.10.1097/00001756-200103050-00029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra I, Bhardwaj SK, Malik S, Kumar V. 2017. Concurrent hypothalamic gene expression under acute and chronic long days: Implications for initiation and maintenance of photoperiodic response in migratory songbirds. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 439:81–94.10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra M, Rani S, Singh S, Kumar V. 2004. Regulation of seasonality in the migratory male blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala). Reprod Nutr Dev. 44:341–352.10.1051/rnd:2004039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mrugala M, Zlomanczuk P, Jagota A, Schwartz WJ. 2000. Rhythmic multiunit neural activity in slices of hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus reflect prior photoperiod. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 278:R987–R994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakane Y, Yoshimura T. 2014. Universality and diversity in the signal transduction pathway that regulates seasonal reproduction in vertebrates. Front Neurosci. 8:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakane Y, Ikegami K, Ono H, Yamamoto N, Yoshida S, Hirunagi K, Ebihara S, Kubo Y, Yoshimura T. 2010. A mammalian neural tissue opsin (Opsin 5) is a deep brain photoreceptor in birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:15264–15268.10.1073/pnas.1006393107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakane Y, Shimmura T, Abe H, Yoshimura T. 2014. Intrinsic photosensitivity of a deep brain photoreceptor. Curr Biol. 24:R596–567.10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakao N, Ono H, Yamamura T, Anraku T, Takagi T, Higashi K, Yasuo S, Katou Y, Kageyama S, Uno Y, et al. 2008. Thyrotrophin in the pars tuberalis triggers photoperiodic response. Nature. 452:317–322.10.1038/nature06738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholls TJ, Goldsmith AR, Dawson A. 1988. Photorefractoriness in birds and comparison with mammals. Physiol Rev. 68:133–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oishi T, Kato M. 1968. Pineal organ as a possible photoreceptor; photoperiodic testicular responses in Japanese quail. Mem Fac Sci Kyoto Univ Ser Biol. 2:12–18.
   Google Scholar
• Okamura H. 2003. Integration of mammalian circadian clock signals: from molecule to behaviour. J Endocrinol. 177:3–6.10.1677/joe.0.1770003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver J, Jallageas M, Bayle JD. 1979. Plasma testosterone and LH levels in male quail bearing hypothalamic lesions or radioluminous implants. Neurobiology. 28:114–122.
   Google Scholar
• Paul MJ, Zucker I, Schwartz WJ. 2008. Tracking the seasons: the internal calendars of vertebrates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 363:341–361.10.1098/rstb.2007.2143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pengelley ET, Asmundson SM. 1974. Circannual rhythms in hibernating mammals. In: Pengelley ET, editor. Circannual Clocks. New York, NY: Academic Press; p. 95–160.10.1016/B978-0-12-550150-7.50011-4
   Google Scholar
• Ralph MR, Foster RG, Davis FC, Menaker M. 1990. Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period. Science. 247:975–978.10.1126/science.2305266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rastogi A, Kumari Y, Rani S, Kumar V. 2013. Neural correlates of migration: activation of hypothalamic clock(s) in and out of migratory state in the blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala). PLoS ONE. 8:e70065.10.1371/journal.pone.0070065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter CP. 1978. Evidence for existence of a yearly clock in surgically and self blinded chipmunks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 75:3517–3521.10.1073/pnas.75.7.3517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruby NF, Dark J, Heller HC, Zucker I. 1996. Ablation of suprachiasmatic nucleus alters timing of hibernation in ground squirrels. Neurobiology. 93:9864–9868.
   Google Scholar
• Ruby NF, Dark K, Heller HG, Zucker I. 1998. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: role in circannual body mass and hibernation rhythms of ground squirrels. Brain Res. 782:63–72.10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01263-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab RG. 1971. Circadian testicular periodicity in the European starling in the absence of photoperiodic change. In: Menaker M, editor. Biochronometry. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; p. 428–447.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz WJ, de la Iglesia HO, Zlomanczuk P, Illnerova′ H. 2001. Encoding le quattro stagioni within the mammalian brain: photoperiodic orchestration through the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Biol Rhythms. 16:302–311.10.1177/074873001129002024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh D, Trivedi AK, Rani S, Panda S, Kumar V. 2015. Circadian timing in central and peripheral tissues in a migratory songbird: dependence on annual life-history states. FASEB J. 29(10):4248–55.10.1096/fj.15-275339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson TJ, Ball GF. 2012. Disruption of neuropsin mRNA expression via RNA interference facilitates the photoinduced increase in thyrotropin-stimulating subunit β in birds. Eur J Neurosci. 36:2859–2865.10.1111/ejn.2012.36.issue-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun ZS, Albrecht U, Zhuchenko O, Bailey J, Eichele G, Lee CC. 1997. RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the drosophila period gene. Cell. 90:1003–1011.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80366-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surbhi Rastogi A, Rani S, Kumar V. 2015. Seasonal plasticity in the peptide neuronal systems: potential roles of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, gonadotrophin-inhibiting hormone, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the regulation of the reproductive axis in subtropical Indian weaver birds. J Neuroendocrinol. 27:357–369.10.1111/jne.2015.27.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewary PD, Kumar V. 1981. Circadian periodicity and the initiation of gonadal growth in male blackheaded buntings (Emberiza melanocephala). J comp physiol B. 144:201–203.10.1007/BF00802758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tournier BB, Dardente H, Simonneaux V, Vivien-Roels B, Pevet P, Masson-Pevet M, Vuillez P. 2007. Seasonal variations of clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus). Eur J Neurosci. 25:1529–1536.10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05421.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi AK, Kumar V. 2014. Melatonin: an internal signal for daily and seasonal timing. Indian J Exp Biol. 52:425–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi AK, Kumar J, Rani S, Kumar V. 2014. Annual life history–dependent gene expression in the hypothalamus and liver of a migratory songbird: insights into the molecular regulation of seasonal metabolism. J Biol Rhythms. 29:332–345.10.1177/0748730414549766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsutsui K, Saigoh E, Ukena K, Teranishi H, Fujisawa Y, Kikuchi M, Ishii S, Sharp PJ. 2000. A novel avian hypothalamic peptide inhibiting gonadotropin release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 275:661–667.10.1006/bbrc.2000.3350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubuka T, Bentley GE, Ukena K, Wingfield JC, Tsutsui K. 2005. Melatonin induces the expression of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the avian brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:3052–3057.10.1073/pnas.0403840102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderLeest HT, Houben T, Michel S, Deboer T, Albus H, Vansteensel MJ, Block GD, Meijer JH. 2007. Seasonal encoding by the circadian pacemaker of the SCN. Curr Biol. 17:468–473.10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Wingfield JC. 2011. Immunocytochemical study of rhodopsin-containing putative encephalic photoreceptors in house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 170:589–596.10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister M, Reppert SM. 1995. Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms. Neuron. 14:697–706.10.1016/0896-6273(95)90214-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson FE. 1991. Neither retinal nor pineal photoreceptors mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction in the American tree sparrow (Spizella arborea). J Exp Zool. 259:117–127.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-010X
   Google Scholar
• Wood SH, Christian HC, Miedzinska K, Saer BR, Johnson M, Paton B, Yu L, McNeilly J, Davis JR, McNeilly AS, Burt DW, Loudon AS. 2015. Binary switching of calendar cells in the pituitary defines the phase of the circannual cycle in mammals. Curr Biol. 25:2651–2662.10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodfill CJ, Robinson JE, Malpaux B, Karsch FJ. 1991. Synchronization of the circannual reproductive rhythm of the ewe by discrete photoperiodic signals. Biol Reprod. 45:110–121.10.1095/biolreprod45.1.110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodfill CJ, Wayne NL, Moenter SM, Karsch FJ. 1994. Photoperiodic synchronization of a circannual reproductive rhythm in sheep: identification of season-specific time cues. Biol Reprod. 50:965–976.10.1095/biolreprod50.4.965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamura T, Hirunagi K, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T. 2004. Seasonal morphological changes in the neuro-glial interaction between gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals and glial endfeet in Japanese quail. Endocrinology. 145:4264–4267.10.1210/en.2004-0366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Okabayashi N, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T. 2003. Circadian clock genes and photoperiodism: comprehensive analysis of clock gene expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the pineal gland of Japanese quail under various light schedules. Endocrinology. 144:3742–8.10.1210/en.2003-0435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura T. 2010. Neuroendocrine mechanism of seasonal reproduction in birds and mammals. Anim Sci J. 81:403–410.10.1111/asj.2010.81.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura T, Suzuki Y, Makino E, Suzuki T, Kuroiwa A, Matsuda Y, Namikawa T, Ebihara S. 2000. Molecular analysis of avian circadian clock genes. Mol Brain Res. 78:207–215.10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00091-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshimura T, Yasuo S, Suzuki Y, Makino E, Yokota Y, Ebihara S. 2001. Identification of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in birds. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 280:R1185–1189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura T, Yasuo S, Watanabe M, Iigo M, Yamamura T, Hirunagi K, Ebihara S. 2003. Light induced hormone conversion of T4 to T3 regulates photoperiodic response of gonads in birds. Nature. 426:178–181.10.1038/nature02117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker I. 2001. Circannual rhythms. In: Takahashi JS, Turek FW, Moore RY, editors. Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: circadian clocks. vol 12. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; p. 509–527.10.1007/978-1-4615-1201-1
   Google Scholar
• Zucker I, Boshes M, Dark J. 1983. Suprachiasmatic nuclei influences circannual and circadian rhythms of ground squirrels. Am J Physiol. 244:R472–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar