Rumen microflora, fermentation pattern and microbial enzyme activity in sheep fed paddy straw based complete feed fortified with probiotics

References

• Agarwal N, Kamra DN, Chaudhary LC, Agarwal I, Sahoo A, Pathak NN. 2002. Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of cross bred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Lett Appl Microbiol. 34:329–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker SB, Summerson WH. 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J Biol Chem. 138:535–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett AJG, Reid RL. 1957. Studies on the production of VFA from grass by rumen liquor in artificial rumen: the VFA production from fresh grass. J Agric Sci. 48:315–321.
   Google Scholar
• Blackburn TH. 1968. Protease production by Bacteriodes amylophilus strain H 18. Microbiol. 53:27–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brossard L, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Michalet-Doreau B, Martin C. 2006. Dose effect of live yeasts on rumen microbial communities and fermentations during butyric latent acidosis in sheep: new type of interaction. J Anim Sci. 82:829–836.
   Google Scholar
• Chaney AL, Marbach EP. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem. 8:130–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras F, Fonty G, Bertin G, Gouet P. 1995. Effect of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on zoospore germination, growth and cellulolytic activity of the rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis MCH 3. Curr Microbiol. 31(4):201–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand F, Ameilbonne A, Walker ND, Mosoni P, Forano E. 2010. Effect of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-1077 on in situ ruminal degradation of alfalfa hay and fibre-associated microorganisms. J Anim Sci. 88(2):145.
   Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand F, Fonty G. 2001. Establishment of cellulolytic bacteria and development of fermentative activities in the rumen of gnotobiotically-reared lambs receiving the microbial additive Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077. Reprod Nutr Dev. 41:57–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand F, Fonty G. 2002. Influence of a probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCMI-1077) on microbial colonization and fermentation in the rumen of newborn lambs. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 14:30–36.
   Google Scholar
• Chaucheyras-Durand F, Fonty G, Bertin G 1997. Effects of a microbial additive, Levucell SC, on growth and metabolism of a ruminal acetogenic bacterial strain in vitro. InProceedings of Rumen Function Conference, Chicago, USA, pp 33.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary L, Agarwau N, Singh R, Pathak NN. 2002. Growth performance, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and enzyme activities in calves fed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented diets. Ind J Anim Sci. 72(6):472–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cömert M, Şayan Y, Özelçam H, Baykal GY. 2015. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation and anhydrous ammonia treatment of wheat straw on in-situ degradability and, rumen fermentation and growth performance of yearling lambs. Asian-Aus J Anim Sci. 5:639–646.
   Google Scholar
• Denman SE, McSweeney CS. 2006. Development of a real time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 58:572–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denman SE, Tomkins NW, McSweeney CS. 2007. Quantitation and diversity analysis of ruminal methanogenic populations in response to the antimethanogenic compound bromochloromethane. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 62(3):313–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desnoyers M, Giger-Reverdin S, Bertin G, Duvaux-Ponter C, Sauvant D. 2009. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. J Dairy Sci. 92:1620–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doto SP, Liu J, Wang W. 2011. Effect of yeast culture and direct fed microbes on the growth performance and rumen fermentation of weaner lambs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 45(2):208–216.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards JE, Kingston-Smith AH, Jimenez HR, Huws SA, Skøt KP, Griffith GW, McEwan NR, Theodorou MK. 2008. Dynamics of initial colonization of non-conserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 66:537–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ghani AA. 2004. Influence of diet supplementation with yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of Zaraibi goats. Small Rumin Res. 52(3):223–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonty G, Chaucheyras-Durand F. 2006. Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen. Biologia. 61(6):741–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gado HM, Salem AZ, Odongo NE, Borhami BE. 2011. Influence of exogenous enzymes ensiled with orange pulp on digestion and growth performance in lambs. Anim Nutr Feed Technol. 165:131–136.
   Google Scholar
• Garg DD, Sharma T, Dhuria RK. 2009. Effect of groundnut straw based complete feed alone and in combination with yeast in ration of sheep. Anim Nutr Feed Technol. 9:137–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper LV, Wong MH, Thelin A, Hansson L, Falk PG, Gordon JI. 2001. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine. Science. 291:881–884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hristov AN, McAllister TA, Van Herk FH, Cheng KJ, Newbold CJ, Cheeke PR. 1999. Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. J Anim Sci. 77:2554–2563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huggins C, Lapides J. 1947. Acetyl esters of p-nitrophenol as substrate for the colorimetric determination of esterase. J Biol Chem. 170:467–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICAR (Indian council of agricultural research). 2013. Nutrient requirements of cattle. New Delhi (India).
   Google Scholar
• Jouany JP, Demeyer DI, Grain J. 1988. Effect of defaunating the rumen. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 21:229–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaled NF, Baraka TA. 2011. Influence of direct-fed microbials on productive performance, selected rumen and blood constituents in barky finishing lambs. J Ani Sci. 7(9):564–570.
   Google Scholar
• Koike S, Kobayashi Y. 2001. Development and use of competitive PCR assays for the rumen cellulolytic bacteria: fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 204:361–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kritas SK, Govaris A, Christodoulopoulos G, Burriel AR. 2006. Effect of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis supplementation of ewe’s feed on sheep milk production and young lamb mortality. J Vet Med Series A. 53:170–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latif MR, Zahran SM, Ahmed MH, Zeweil HS, Sallam SM. 2014. Effect of feeding Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and/or Aspergillus Oryzae on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation characteristics of sheep. Alex J Agric Res. 59(2):121–127.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch HA, Martin SA. 2002. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cells on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. J Dairy Sci. 85:2603–2608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin SA, Nisbet DJ, Dean RG. 1989. Influence of a commercial yeast supplement on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Nutr Rep Int. 40:395–403.
   Google Scholar
• Michalet-Doreau B, Fernandez I, Fonty G. 2002. A comparison of enzymatic and molecular approaches to characterize the cellulolytic microbial ecosystems of the rumen and the cecum. J Anim Sci. 80:790–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller GL. 1959. Use of dinitrosalisylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem. 31:426–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosoni P, Chaucheyras‐Durand F, Béra‐Maillet C, Forano E. 2007. Quantification by real-time PCR of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep after supplementation of a forage diet with readily fermentable carbohydrates: effect of a yeast additive. J Appl Microbiol. 103:2676–2685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosoni P, Martin C, Forano E, Morgavi DP. 2011. Long-term defaunation increases the abundance of cellulolytic ruminococci and methanogens but does not affect the bacterial and methanogen diversity in the rumen of sheep. J Anim Sci. 89:783–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa HH, Wu SL, Zhu CH, Seri HI, Zhu GQ. 2009. The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health. J Anim Vet Adv. 8:313–321.
   Google Scholar
• Newbold CJ, Rode LM. 2006. Dietary additives to control methanogenesis in the rumen. Int Congr Ser. 1293:138–147.
   Google Scholar
• Newbold CJ, Wallace RJ, Chen XB, McIntosh FM. 1995. Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in their effects on ruminal bacterial numbers in vitro and in sheep. J Anim Sci. 73:1811–1819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nocek JE, Kautz WP. 2006. Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre- and postpartum dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 89:260–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nocek JE, Kautz WP, Leedle JA, Allman JG. 2002. Ruminal supplementation of direct-fed microbials on diurnal pH variation and in situ digestion in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 85:429–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyetayo VO, Oyetayo FL. 2005. Potential of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents targeting the innate immune system. Afr J Biotech. 4:123–127.
   Google Scholar
• Paul MS, Sumathy JH. 2003. Production of α-amylase from banana peels with Bacillus subtilis using solid state fermentation. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2(10):195–206.
   Google Scholar
• Priambodo TW, Hummel J, Kehraus S, Südekum KH. 2009. In vitro evaluation of four bacterial species as potential probiotics in the rumen. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. J Anim Sci. 87(Suppl 1):520–523.
   Google Scholar
• Sheikh GG, Ganai AM, Ahmad I, Afzal Y, Ali H. 2017. In vitro effect of probiotic mix and fibrolytic enzyme mixture on digestibility of paddy straw. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 5(6):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Soren NM, Tripathi MK, Bhatt RS, Karim SA. 2013. Effect of yeast supplementation on the growth performance of malpura lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod. 45:547–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylvester JT, Karnati SK, Yu Z, Morrison M, Firkins JL. 2004. Development of an assay to quantify rumen ciliate protozoal biomass in cows using real-time PCR. J Nutr. 134:3378–3384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajima K, Aminov RI, Nagamine T, Matsui H, Nakamura M, Benno Y. 2001. Diet-dependent shifts in the bacterial population of the rumen revealed with real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol. 67:2766–2774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmerman HM, Mulder L, Everts H, Van Espen DC, Van Der Wal E, Klaassen G, Rouwers SM, Hartemink R, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. 2005. Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J Dairy Sci. 88:2154–2165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon IK, Stern MD. 1996. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae cultures on rumen fermentation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 79:411–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar