Measuring the complexity of writing systemsFootnote*

Please address correspondence to: Antal van den Bosch, Department of Computer Science, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, NL‐6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, phone +31.43.882018, fax +31.43.252392, email: [email protected]

This research was partly supported by a grant from the Human Frontier of Science Programme Processing consequences of contrasting language phonologies. During this research, the first author was affiliated with the Institute for Language Technology and AI (ITK) at Tilburg University, with the Department of Psychology at Tilburg University, and with the Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. We would like to thank Terrence Sejnowski and Henk Kempff for making available the NETtalk corpus and the Dutch corpus, respectively. Thanks are also due to Jaap van den Herik for his valuable comments on the text.

References

• Carello , C. , Turvey , M. and Lukatela , G. 1992 . “ Can theories of word recognition remain stubbornly nonphonological? ” . In Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research , 193 – 204 . Haskins Laboratories .
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. 1978 . “ Lexical access in simple reading tasks. ” . In Strategies of Information Processing , Edited by: Underwood , G. 151 – 216 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Content , A. , Mousty , P. and Radeau , M. 1990 . Brulex: Une base de donnees lexicales informatisee pour le francais ecrit et parle. . L'Annee Psychologique , 90 : 551 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daelemans , W. and Van den Bosch , A. 1992 . “ Generalisation performance of backpropagation learning on a syllabification task. ” . In Connectionism and Natural Language Processing: , Edited by: Drossaers , M. and Nijholt , A. Enschede : Twente University . TWLT3
   Google Scholar
• Daelemans , W. and Van den Bosch , A. 1993 . “ Tabtalk: Reusability in data‐oriented grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion. ” . In Proceedings of Eurospeech ‘93 , 1459 – 1466 . Berlin : T.U. Berlin .
   Google Scholar
• Daelemans , W. and Van den Bosch , A. 1994 . “ A language‐independent, data‐oriented architecture for grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion. ” . In Proceedings of ESCA‐IEEE Speech Synthesis Conference ‘94.
   Google Scholar
• De Gelder , B. 1993 . Reading acquisition: The rough road and the silken route. Paper to appear in the . Journal of Chinese Linguistics. ,
   Google Scholar
• Frost , R. , Katz , L. and Bentin , S. 1987 . Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: a multilingual comparison. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 13 : 104 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gak , V. 1976 . L'orthographe du frangais. , Paris : S.E.L.A.F .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , L. and Frost , R. 1992 . “ The reading process is different for different orthographies: the orthographic depth hypothesis. ” . In Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research 1992 , 147 – 160 . Haskins Laboratories .
   Google Scholar
• Klima , E. 1972 . “ How alphabets mightreflect language. ” . In Language by Ear and by Eye: The Relationship Between Speech and Reading , Edited by: Kavanagh , J. and Mattingly , I. 57 – 80 . Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Liberman , I. , Liberman , A. , Mattingly , I. and Shankweil‐er , D. 1980 . “ Orthography and the beginning reader. ” . In Orthography, Reading and Dyslexia , Edited by: Kavanagh , J. and Venezky , R. 137 – 153 . Baltimore : University Park Press .
   Google Scholar
• Quinlan , J. 1986 . Induction of decision trees. . Machine Learning , 1 : 81 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Scheerer , E. 1986 . “ Orthography and lexical access. ” . In New Trends in Graphemics and Orthography , Edited by: Augst , G. 262 – 286 . Berlin : De Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Sejnowski , T.J. and Rosenberg , C.S. 1987 . Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text. . Complex Systems , 1 : 145 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bosch , A. and Daelemans , W. 1993 . “ Data‐oriented methods for grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion. ” . In Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the EACL 45 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bosch , A. and Daelemans , W. “ A distributed, yet symbolic model of text‐to‐speech processing, to appear in ” . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Models of Language Acquisition. Edited by: Broeder , P. and Murre , J. (to appear)
   Google Scholar
• Venezky , R.L. 1970 . The structure of English orthography. , The Hague : Mouton .
   Google Scholar
• Please address correspondence to: Antal van den Bosch, Department of Computer Science, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, NL‐6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, phone +31.43.882018, fax +31.43.252392, email: [email protected] This research was partly supported by a grant from the Human Frontier of Science Programme Processing consequences of contrasting language phonologies. During this research, the first author was affiliated with the Institute for Language Technology and AI (ITK) at Tilburg University, with the Department of Psychology at Tilburg University, and with the Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. We would like to thank Terrence Sejnowski and Henk Kempff for making available the NETtalk corpus and the Dutch corpus, respectively. Thanks are also due to Jaap van den Herik for his valuable comments on the text.
   Google Scholar