3,154
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cold Atoms and Molecules

A buffer gas beam source for short, intense and slow molecular pulses

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 648-656 | Received 13 Jul 2017, Accepted 06 Sep 2017, Published online: 05 Nov 2017

References

  • Bell, M.T. P. Softley, T. Ultracold Molecules and Ultracold Chemistry. Mol. Phys. 2009, 107, 99–132.
  • Stwalley, W.C.; Krems, R.V.; Friedrich, B., Eds. Cold Molecules; CRC Press, London, 2009.
  • Carr, L.D.; DeMille, D.; Krems, R.V.; Ye, J. Cold and Ultracold Molecules: Science, Technology and Applications. New J. Phys. 2009, 11, 055049.
  • van de Meerakker, S.Y.T.; Bethlem, H.L.; Vanhaecke, N.; Meijer, G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 4828–4878.
  • Jankunas, J.; Osterwalder, A. Cold and Controlled Molecular Beams: Production and Applications. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2015, 66, 241–262.
  • Wall, T.E. Preparation of Cold Molecules for High-precision Measurements. J. Phys. B 2016, 49, 243001.
  • Hudson, J.J.; Kara, D.M.; Smallman, I.J.; Sauer, B.E.; Tarbutt, M.R.; Hinds, E.A. Improved Measurement of the Shape of the Electron. Nature 2011, 473, 493–496.
  • Baron, J.; Campbell, W.C.; DeMille, D.; Doyle, J.M.; Gabrielse, G.; Gurevich, Y.V.; Hess, P.W.; Hutzler, N.R.; Kirilov, E.; Kozyryev, I.; O’Leary, B.R.; Panda, C.D.; Parsons, M.F.; Petrik, E.S.; Spaun, B.; Vutha, A.C.; West, A.D. Order of Magnitude Smaller Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron. Science 2014, 343, 269–272.
  • Shelkovnikov, A.; Butcher, R.J.; Chardonnet, C.; Amy-Klein, A. Stability of the Proton-to-electron Mass Ratio. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 150801.
  • Hudson, E.R.; Lewandowski, H.J.; Sawyer, B.C.; Ye, J. Cold Molecule Spectroscopy for Constraining the Evolution of the Fine Structure Constant. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 1–4.
  • Truppe, S.; Hendricks, R.J.; Tokunaga, S.K.; Lewandowski, H.J.; Kozlov, M.G.; Henkel, C.; Hinds, E.A.; Tarbutt, M.R. A Search for Varying Fundamental Constants using Hertz-level Frequency Measurements of Cold CH Molecules. Nature Commun. 2013, 4, 1–7.
  • Cheng, C.; Van Der Poel, A.P.P.; Jansen, P.; Quintero-Pérez, M.; Wall, T.E.; Ubachs, W.; Bethlem, H.L. Molecular Fountain. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 117, 1–5.
  • Cahn, S.; Ammon, J.; Kirilov, E.; Gurevich, Y.; Murphree, D.; Paolino, R.; Rahmlow, D.; Kozlov, M.; DeMille, D. Zeeman-Tuned Rotational Level-Crossing Spectroscopy in a Diatomic Free Radical. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 163002.
  • Tokunaga, S.K.; Stoeffler, C.; Auguste, F.; Shelkovnikov, A.; Daussy, C.; Amy-Klein, A.; Chardonnet, C.; Darquié, B. Probing Weak Force-Induced Parity Violation by High-resolution Mid-infrared Molecular Spectroscopy. Mol. Phys. 2013, 111, 2363–2373.
  • Henson, A.B.; Gersten, S.; Shagam, Y.; Narevicius, J.; Narevicius, E. Observation of Resonances in Penning Ionization Reactions at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures in Merged Beams. Science 2012, 338, 234–238.
  • Vogels, S.N.; Onvlee, J.; Chefdeville, S.; van der Avoird, A.; Groenenboom, G.C.; van de Meerakker, S.Y.T. Imaging Resonances in Low-energy NO-He Inelastic Collisions. Science 2015, 350, 787–790.
  • Jachymski, K.; Hapka, M.; Jankunas, J.; Osterwalder, A. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Low-energy Penning Ionization of NH3F and CHF3. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2016, 17, 3776–3782.
  • Klein, A.; Shagam, Y.; Skomorowski, W.; Żuchowski, P.S.; Pawlak, M.; Janssen, L.M.C.; Moiseyev, N.; van de Meerakker, S.Y.T.; van der Avoird, A.; Koch, C.P.; Narevicius, E. Directly Probing Anisotropy in Atom-molecule Collisions Through Quantum Scattering Resonances. Nat. Phys. 2017, 13, 35–38.
  • Bethlem, H.; Berden, G.; Meijer, G. Decelerating Neutral Dipolar Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 83, 1558–1561.
  • Narevicius, E.; Libson, A.; Parthey, C.G.; Chavez, I.; Narevicius, J.; Even, U.; Raizen, M.G. Stopping Supersonic Oxygen with a Series of Pulsed Electromagnetic Coils: A Molecular Coilgun. Phys. Rev. A 2008, 77, 1–4.
  • Bethlem, H.L.; Berden, G.; Crompvoets, F.M.H.; Jongma, R.T.; van Roij, A.J.a.; Meijer, G. Electrostatic Trapping of Ammonia Molecules. Nature 2000, 406, 491–495.
  • Maxwell, S.E.; Brahms, N.; Decarvalho, R.; Glenn, D.R.; Helton, J.S.; Nguyen, S.V.; Patterson, D.; Petricka, J.; DeMille, D.; Doyle, J.M. High-flux Beam Source for Cold, Slow Atoms or Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 1–4.
  • Patterson, D.; Doyle, J.M. Bright, Guided Molecular Beam with Hydrodynamic Enhancement. J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 1–5.
  • Patterson, D.; Rasmussen, J.; Doyle, J.M. Intense Atomic and Molecular Beams via Neon Buffer-gas Cooling. New J. Phys. 2009, 11, 055018.
  • Hutzler, N.R.; Lu, H.I.; Doyle, J.M. The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules. Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 4803–4827.
  • Junglen, T.; Rieger, T.; Rangwala, S.A.; Pinkse, P.W.H.; Rempe, G. Slow Ammonia Molecules in an Electrostatic Quadrupole Guide. Eur. Phys. J. D 2004, 31, 365–373.
  • Sommer, C.; Motsch, M.; Chervenkov, S.; Van Buuren, L.D.; Zeppenfeld, M.; Pinkse, P.W.H.; Rempe, G. Velocity-selected Molecular Pulses Produced by an Electric Guide. Phys. Rev. A 2010, 82, 1–7.
  • Englert, B.G.U.; Mielenz, M.; Sommer, C.; Bayerl, J.; Motsch, M.; Pinkse, P.W.H.; Rempe, G.; Zeppenfeld, M. Storage and Adiabatic Cooling of Polar Molecules in a Microstructured Trap. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107, 1–4.
  • Lu, H.I.; Kozyryev, I.; Hemmerling, B.; Piskorski, J.; Doyle, J.M. Magnetic Trapping of Molecules via Optical Loading and Magnetic Slowing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 113006.
  • Zeppenfeld, M.; Englert, B.G.U.; Glöckner, R.; Prehn, A.; Mielenz, M.; Sommer, C.; van Buuren, L.D.; Motsch, M.; Rempe, G. Sisyphus Cooling of Electrically Trapped Polyatomic Molecules. Nature 2012, 491, 570–573.
  • Barry, J.F.; Shuman, E.S.; Norrgard, E.B.; Demille, D. Laser Radiation Pressure Slowing of a Molecular Beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 1–5.
  • Zhelyazkova, V.; Cournol, A.; Wall, T.E.; Matsushima, A.; Hudson, J.J.; Hinds, E.A.; Tarbutt, M.R.; Sauer, B.E. Laser Cooling and Slowing of CaF Molecules. Phys. Rev. A 2014, 89, 053416.
  • Yeo, M.; Hummon, M.T.; Collopy, A.L.; Yan, B.; Hemmerling, B.; Chae, E.; Doyle, J.M.; Ye, J. Rotational State Microwave Mixing for Laser Cooling of Complex Diatomic Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 114, 1–5.
  • Hemmerling, B.; Chae, E.; Ravi, A.; Anderegg, L.; Drayna, G.K.; Hutzler, N.R.; Collopy, A.L.; Ye, J.; Ketterle, W.; Doyle, J.M. Laser Slowing of CaF Molecules to Near the Capture Velocity of a Molecular MOT. J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 2016, 49, 174001.
  • Truppe, S.; Williams, H.J.; Fitch, N.J.; Hambach, M.; Wall, T.E.; Hinds, E.A.; Sauer, B.E.; Tarbutt, M.R. An Intense, Cold, Velocity-controlled Molecular Beam by Frequency-chirped Laser Slowing. New J. Phys. 2017, 19, 022001.
  • Barry, J.F.; McCarron, D.J.; Norrgard, E.B.; Steinecker, M.H.; DeMille, D. Magneto-optical Trapping of a Diatomic Molecule. Nature 2014, 512, 286–289.
  • Truppe, S.; Williams, H.J.; Hambach, M.; Caldwell, L.; Fitch, N.J.; Hinds, E.A.; Sauer, B.E.; Tarbutt, M.R. Molecules Cooled below the Doppler Limit. Nat. Phys. 2017, doi:10.1038/nphys4241.
  • Anderegg, L.; Augenbraun, B.; Chae, E.; Hemmerling, B.; Hutzler, N.R.; Ravi, A.; Collopy, A.; Ye, J.; Ketterle, W.; Doyle, J. Radio Frequency Magneto-Optical Trapping of CaF with High Density. 2017. arXiv:1705.10288.
  • Bulleid, N.E.; Skoff, S.M.; Hendricks, R.J.; Sauer, B.E.; Hinds, E.A.; Tarbutt, M.R. Characterization of a Cryogenic Beam Source for Atoms and Molecules. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 12299.
  • Bulleid, N.E. Slow, Cold Beams of Polar Molecules for Precision Measurements. Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College, London, 2013.
  • Powers, D.E.; Hansen, S.G.; Geusic, M.E.; Pulu, A.C.; Hopkins, J.B.; Dietz, T.G.; Duncan, M.A.; Langridge-Smith, P.R.R.; Smalley, R.E. Supersonic Metal Cluster Beams: Laser Photoionization Studies of Cu2. J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 2556–2560.
  • Tobin, A.G.; Batzer, D.W.; Call, W.R.; Tobin, A.G.; Sedgley, D.W.; Batzer, T.H.; Call, W.R. Evaluation of Charcoal Sorbents for Helium Cryopumping in Fusion Reactors Evaluation of Charcoal Sorbents for Helium Cryopumping in Fusion Reactors. J. Vacuum Sci. Tech. A Vacuum Surf. Film 1987, 5, 101–105.
  • Sedgley, D.W.; Batzer, A.G.; Call, W.R.; Sedgley, D.W.; Tobin, A.G. Characterization of Charcoals for Helium Cryopumping in Fusion Devices Characterization of Charcoals for Helium Cryopumping in Fusion Devices. J. Vacuum Sci. Tech. A Vacuum Surf. Film 1987, 2572–2576.
  • Bumby, J.S. Progress Towards a Source of Cold, Slow Molecules for Tests of Fundamental Physics. Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College, London, 2016.
  • Egorov, D.; Weinstein, J.D.; Patterson, D.; Friedrich, B.; Doyle, J.M. Spectroscopy of Laser-ablated Buffer-gas-cooled PbO at 4 K and the Prospects for Measuring the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron. Phys. Rev. A 2001, 63, 030501(R).
  • Barry, J.F.; Shuman, E.S.; DeMille, D. A Bright, Slow Cryogenic Molecular Beam Source for Free Radicals. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 18936.
  • Maxwell, S.E. Buffer Gas Cooled Atoms and Molecules: Production, Collisional Studies and Applications. Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, 2007.
  • Skoff, S.M.; Hendricks, R.J.; Sinclair, C.D.J.; Hudson, J.J.; Segal, D.M.; Sauer, B.E.; Hinds, E.A.; Tarbutt, M.R. Diffusion, Thermalization, and Optical Pumping of YbF Molecules in a Cold Buffer-gas Cell. Phys. Rev. A 2011, 83, 023418.
  • Lu, H.I.; Rasmussen, J.; Wright, M.J.; Patterson, D.; Doyle, J.M. A Cold and Slow Molecular Beam. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 18986–18990.
  • Davis, G.M.; Gower, M.C.; Fotakis, C.; Efthimiopoulos, T.; Argyrakis, P. Spectroscopic Studies of ArF Laser Photoablation of PMMA. Appl. Phys. A 1985, 36, 27–30.
  • Tarbutt, M.R. Magneto-optical Trapping Forces for Atoms and Molecules with Complex Level Structures. New J. Phys. 2015, 17, 15007.
  • Hutzler, N.R.; Parsons, M.F.; Gurevich, Y.V.; Hess, P.W.; Petrik, E.; Spaun, B.; Vutha, A.C.; DeMille, D.; Gabrielse, G.; Doyle, J.M. A Cryogenic Beam of Refractory, Chemically Reactive Molecules with Expansion Cooling. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 18976.
  • Bulleid, N.E.; Hendricks, R.J.; Hinds, E.A.; Meek, S.A.; Meijer, G.; Osterwalder, A.; Tarbutt, M.R. Traveling-wave Deceleration of Heavy Polar Molecules in Low-field-seeking States. Phys. Rev. A 2012, 86, 021404(R).
  • Mathavan, S.C.; Zapara, A.; Esajas, Q.; Hoekstra, S. Deceleration of a Supersonic Beam of SrF Molecules to 120 m s-1. ChemPhysChem 2016, 17, 3709–3713.
  • Hunter, L.R.; Peck, S.K.; Greenspon, A.S.; Alam, S.S.; DeMille, D. Prospects for Laser Cooling TlF. Phys. Rev. A 2012, 85, 1–6.
  • Skoff, S.M.; Hendricks, R.J.; Sinclair, C.D.J.; Tarbutt, M.R.; Hudson, J.J.; Segal, D.M.; Sauer, B.E.; Hinds, E.A. Doppler-free Laser Spectroscopy of Buffer-gas-cooled Molecular Radicals. New J. Phys. 2009, 11, 123026.