References
- Arnheim , R. 1986 . “ A plea for visual thinking ” . In New essays on the psychology of art , 135 – 152 . Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- ASEE (American Society for Engineering Education) . 1955 . Report of the committee on evaluation of engineering education . Journal of Engineering Education , 46 : 25 – 60 .
- Baartmans , B.J. and Sorby , S.A. 1995 . Introduction to 3‐D spatial visualization , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Bennett , G.K. , Seashore , H.G. and Wesman , A.G. 1973 . Differential aptitude tests, forms S and T , New York : Psychological Corporation .
- Bishop , J.E. 1978 . Developing students’ spatial ability . Science Teacher , 45 : 20 – 23 .
- Bodner , G.M. and McMillen , T.L.B. 1986 . Cognitive restructuring as an early stage in problem solving . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 23 : 727 – 737 .
- Bowers , D.H. and Evans , D.L. . The role of visualization in engineering design . Proceedings of the NSF Symposium on Modernization of the Engineering Design Graphics Curriculum . Austin, TX. pp. 89 – 94 .
- Carter , C.S. , LaRussa , M.A. and Bodner , G.M. 1987 . A study of two measures of spatial ability as predictors of success in different levels of general chemistry . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 24 : 645 – 657 .
- Casey , M.B. , Pezaris , E. and Nuttall , R.L. 1992 . Spatial ability as a predictor of math achievement: The importance of sex and handedness patterns . Neuropsychologia , 30 : 35 – 40 .
- Deno , J.A. 1995 . The relationship of previous experiences to spatial visualization ability . Engineering Design Graphics Journal , 59 (3) : 5 – 17 .
- Eyal , R. and Tendick , F. 2001 . “ Spatial ability and learning the use of an angled laparoscope in a virtual environment ” . In Medicine meets virtual reality 2001 , Edited by: Westwood , J.D. 146 – 152 . Amsterdam : IOS Press .
- Fennema , E. and Sherman , J.A. 1977 . Sexual stereo‐typing and mathematics learning . Arithmetic Teacher , 24 (5) : 369 – 372 .
- Ferguson , E.S. 1992 . Engineering and the mind’s eye , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- Field , B.W. . A course in spatial visualization . Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Design Graphics and Descriptive Geometry . Tokyo. pp. 257 – 261 .
- Gimmestad , B.J. . Gender differences in spatial visualization and predictors of success in an engineering design course . Proceedings of the National Conference on Women in Mathematics and the Sciences . St. Cloud, MN. pp. 133 – 136 .
- Guay , R.B. 1977 . Purdue spatial visualization test: Rotations , West Lafayette, IN : Purdue Research Foundation .
- Hamlin , A.J. , Boersma , N. and Sorby , S.A. . Do spatial abilities impact the learning of 3‐D solid modeling software? . Proceedings of the Annual Conference of ASEE . Chicago, IL. [CD‐ROM]
- Hier , D.B. and Crowley , W.F. Jr. 1982 . Spatial ability in androgen‐deficient men . New England Journal of Medicine , 306 (20) : 1202 – 1205 .
- Hsi , S. , Linn , M.C. and Bell , J.E. 1997 . The role of spatial reasoning in engineering and the design of spatial instruction . Journal of Engineering Education , 86 (2) : 151 – 158 .
- Leopold , C. , Sorby , S.A. and Gorska , R. 1996 . “ Gender differences in 3‐D visualization skills of engineering students ” . In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Engineering Computer Graphics and Descriptive Geometry , Edited by: Wyzykowski , A. 560 – 564 . Cracow, , Poland : International Conference for Geometry and Graphics .
- Linn , M.C. and Petersen , A.C. 1985 . Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta‐analysis . Child Development , 56 : 1479 – 1498 .
- Maier , P.H. 1994 . Raeumliches vorstellungsvermoegen [Spatial imagination] , New York : Lang .
- McKim , R.H. 1980 . Experiences in visual thinking , Boston, MA : PWS Publishers .
- Medina , A.C. , Gerson , H.B.P. and Sorby , S.A. . Identifying gender differences in the 3‐D visualization skills of engineering students in Brazil and in the United States . Proceedings of the International Conference for Engineering Education . Rio de Janeiro.
- Norman , K.L. 1994 . Spatial visualization – A gateway to computer‐based technology . Journal of Special Educational Technology , XII (3) : 195 – 206 .
- Pribyl , J.R. and Bodner , G.M. 1987 . Spatial ability and its role in organic chemistry: A study of four organic courses . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 24 : 229 – 240 .
- Small , M.Y. and Morton , M.E. 1983 . Spatial visualization training improves performance in organic chemistry . Journal of College Science Teaching , 13 : 41 – 43 .
- Smith , I.M. 1964 . Spatial ability—Its educational and social significance , London : University of London .
- Sommer , R. 1978 . The mind’s eye: Imagery in everyday life , New York : Delacorte Press .
- Sorby , S.A. and Baartmans , B.J. 1996 . A course for the development of 3‐D spatial visualization skills . Engineering Design Graphics Journal , 60 (1) : 13 – 20 .
- Sorby , S.A. and Gorska , R. . The effect of various courses and teaching methods on the improvement of spatial ability . Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Engineering Design Graphics and Descriptive Geometry . Austin, TX. pp. 252 – 256 .
- Sorby , S.A. and Wysocki , A.F. 2003 . Introduction to 3‐D spatial visualization: An active approach , Clifton Park, New York : Thomson‐Delmar Learning .
- Tartre , L.A. 1990 . “ Spatial skills, gender, and mathematics ” . In Mathematics and gender , Edited by: Fennema , E.H. and Leder , G.C. 27 – 59 . New York : Teachers College Press .
- Voyer , D. , Voyer , S. and Bryden , M. 1995 . Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta‐analysis and consideration of critical variables . Psychological Bulletin , 117 : 250 – 270 .
- Yang , E.‐M. , Andre , T. and Greenbowe , T.J. 2003 . Spatial ability and the impact of visualization/animation on learning electrochemistry . International Journal of Science Education , 25 (3) : 329 – 349 .